CN108941161A - A kind of physical recovering method technique of lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of physical recovering method technique of lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108941161A CN108941161A CN201810711557.4A CN201810711557A CN108941161A CN 108941161 A CN108941161 A CN 108941161A CN 201810711557 A CN201810711557 A CN 201810711557A CN 108941161 A CN108941161 A CN 108941161A
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- gas
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- positive
- lithium battery
- negative anodes
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 71
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
- B03B2009/066—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of physical recovering method techniques of lithium battery, the broken material of lithium battery is ground into powdery by the present invention again, the material being crushed into powder is subjected to decomposition and separation, material is resolved into Plastic, the metallo-plastic that granularity is successively decreased and mixes class and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class by disassembler, gather materials and screen by whirlwind again, carries out categorised collection after material capable of being sufficiently separated again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to the physical recovering method techniques of a kind of lithium battery.
Background technique
Now country energetically advocate lithium battery application, gradually eliminate lead-acid battery, if but lithium battery do not obtain
Effective recycle will also result in very big resource waste and pollution, and there are many resource that can be recycled in lithium battery, at present
The recycling of lithium battery is usually hydrometallurgic recovery, needs to use a large amount of water resource, causes the waste and pollution of water resource, and return
The degree of purity for receiving material is not high, can not completely remove plastic grain and plastic foil.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of physical recovering method techniques of lithium battery.
The technical scheme is that a kind of physical recovering method technique of lithium battery, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, lithium battery broken magnetic combination machine is sent into be crushed；
Step 2, magnetic combination machine being broken to be crushed lithium battery, broken material is discharged by magnetic separation and by the metallic iron magneticly elected,
Recycling obtains metallic iron；
Step 3, it breaks in magnetic combination machine and enters disassembler by the remaining material of magnetic separation, material is ground by disassembler again
Powdery carries out decomposition and separation, and material is resolved into the Plastic that granularity successively decreases by disassembler, metallo-plastic mixes class and metal is positive and negative
Pole powder mixes class, includes the biggish metallic particles of granularity and the lesser positive and negative anodes of granularity in metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class
Powder, the material by decomposition and separation enter tornado feeder set by negative pressure, and the positive and negative anodes powder of collection is passed through band by tornado feeder set
The dust collecting system of blower is gathered materials, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by dust collecting system；
Step 4, it is left the thicker material of particle after tornado feeder set is collected to be screened by screening plant, by the plastics
Class, metallo-plastic mixing class and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class branch away；
Step 5, the metallo-plastic mixing class come is screened out by multiple gravity separation, by the different copper of specific gravity, aluminium and modeling
Glue is separated；
Step 6, the copper and aluminium iron obtained in step 2 and step 5 obtained carries out classification collection, and step 4 and step 5 are obtained
Plastics, plastic cement carry out classification collection, positive and negative anodes powder obtained in step 3 and step 4 and metal positive and negative anodes powder are mixed into class
It is referred to and collects together.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of:
Step 7, the positive and negative anodes powder for sorting out collection will be carried out in step 6 and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture forms mixed material and takes out very
It is sent into high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace by closing conveyer after sky to be cracked, the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is at 400 DEG C
More than, the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is vacuumized before mixed material is added and keeps closing, and the closing conveyer exists
Vacuum state is kept in transmission process, the plastics and adhesive adulterated in mixed material carry out cracking and generate combustible gas and receipts are discharged
Collection, mixed material after cracking pass through cooling conveying equipment and are transported to screening installation, filter out the lesser positive and negative anodes powder of granularity with
The biggish copper aluminium mixture of granularity；
Step 8, the positive and negative anodes powder filtered out in step 7 is subjected to classification collection, the copper aluminium mixture filtered out is subjected to specific gravity
Separation, copper and aluminium after separation carry out classification collection.
Preferably, in step 1, dismantling is carried out to lithium battery before lithium battery to be sent into broken magnetic combination machine and be crushed to put
Electricity；In step 3, the positive and negative anodes powder that tornado feeder set is collected is screened by closed sorting mechanism, by the modeling of doping
The material sundries such as film screen, and the gas of extraction is carried out condensing recovery by the blower of dust collecting system, the gas after condensing recovery into
It is discharged after row exhaust-gas treatment.
Preferably, the lithium battery is electrification lithium battery, and the broken magnetic combination machine is the closing gas for being continuously connected with protection gas
Broken magnetic combination machine is protected, the disassembler is the closing gas guarantor's disassembler for being continuously connected with protection gas, and the screening plant is continuous logical
There is the closing gas of protection gas to protect screening plant；In step 1, it is protected on broken magnetic combination machine by anaerobic batcher to the closing gas
Material vacuumizes feeding port when batcher protects broken magnetic combination machine feeding to closing gas, guarantor is continually fed into batcher
Protect gas；After step 2, before step 3, will closing gas protect in broken magnetic combination machine by the remaining material of magnetic separation enter closing plus
Heat volatilization conveying device heats to closing and is continually fed into protection gas in volatilization conveying device, and closing heating volatilization conveying device is logical
Crossing heating makes volatile sour gas in material accelerate volatilization and be into gathering dust by negative pressure together with the positive and negative anodes powder in material
System carries out filtering of gathering dust of gathering materials, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by filtering, and sour gas is after spray column carries out exhaust-gas treatment
It is discharged by air-introduced machine；In step 3, the positive and negative anodes powder of collection is protected the protection in disassembler by tornado feeder set together with closing gas
Gas is gathered materials by the dust collecting system with blower, and closing gas is protected after the protection gas in disassembler is filtered by dust collecting system through wind
Machine enters closing gas guarantor's disassembler and closing conveyer utilizes again；
Preferably, the closing gas protects the entrance of broken magnetic combination machine and the junction of anaerobic batcher is sealed, the envelope
Holding one's breath and protecting brokenly magnetic combination machine includes crusher and magnetic separator, and the magnetic separator is also connected with the vacuum discharge with outside air isolation
Machine.
Preferably, the inside of the closing heating volatilization conveying device has spiral conveying blade, and the closing heating is waved
The internal temperature of conveying device is sent out between 70 DEG C -150 DEG C.
Preferably, the lower section of the closing heating volatilization conveying device has heating furnace.
Preferably, the inside of the closing heating volatilization conveying device is passed through protection of the temperature between 70 DEG C -150 DEG C
Gas.
Preferably, the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is using external heating, and the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is 400
Between DEG C -800 DEG C, the combustible gas that plastics and adhesive carry out cracking generation in step 7 can lead to the high temperature anaerobic cracking
Combustion heat supplying is carried out below furnace, the exhaust gas for generation of burning discharges after treatment.
Preferably, between 660 DEG C -800 DEG C of the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, the aluminium in mixed material is fused into liquid
State and rounded grain is gradually cooled into cooling transmission process.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
In the process, material is resolved into powdered Plastic, metallo-plastic that granularity is successively decreased and mixes class and gold by disassembler
Belong to positive and negative anodes powder and mix class, then gather materials and screen by whirlwind, carries out categorised collection, material after material capable of being sufficiently separated again
The granularity of decomposition is smaller, and qualitative difference carries out the effect that whirlwind gathers materials with gravity separation closer to density contrast between different material
Fruit is better.
Using recovery process of the invention, it is not necessary that lithium battery is discharged, can directly carry out broken recycling, solve with
The bottleneck that recycling is handled after toward electric discharge；
After material after charged lithium battery crushing is carried out protection gas shielded before high temperature anaerobic cracking by the present invention, lithium can be prevented
Battery and smashed positive and negative anodes powder carry out fever electric discharge, it is thus also avoided that the oxidation of metal；
Also the positive and negative anodes powder of extraction is purified using high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace in the present invention, by the plastics and adhesive of doping
It is cracked, the combustible gas gas for cracking generation can also carry out burning and heat using to high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, and high
There is no oxygen in warm anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, can be avoided metal oxidation when heated；
Positive and negative anodes powder in high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace can voluntarily be discharged at high temperature, be generated heat, and can be split to high temperature anaerobic
Mixed material in solution furnace is heated, and is made full use of the energy, is saved the energy of external heating.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is referring to Fig. 1:
A kind of physical recovering method technique of lithium battery, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, lithium battery broken magnetic combination machine is sent into be crushed；
Step 2, magnetic combination machine being broken to be crushed lithium battery, broken material is discharged by magnetic separation and by the metallic iron magneticly elected,
Recycling obtains metallic iron；
Step 3, it breaks in magnetic combination machine and enters disassembler by the remaining material of magnetic separation, material is ground by disassembler again
Powdery carries out decomposition and separation, and material is resolved into the Plastic that granularity successively decreases by disassembler, metallo-plastic mixes class and metal is positive and negative
Pole powder mixes class, includes that the biggish metallic particles of granularity and 1 granularity are lesser positive and negative in metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class
Pole powder, the material by decomposition and separation enter tornado feeder set by negative pressure, and tornado feeder set passes through the positive and negative anodes powder of collection
Dust collecting system with blower is gathered materials, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by dust collecting system；
Step 4, it is left the thicker material of particle after tornado feeder set is collected to be screened by screening plant, by the plastics
Class, metallo-plastic mixing class and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class branch away；
Step 5, the metallo-plastic mixing class come is screened out by multiple gravity separation, by the different copper of specific gravity, aluminium and modeling
Glue is separated；
Step 6, the copper and aluminium iron obtained in step 2 and step 5 obtained carries out classification collection, and step 4 and step 5 are obtained
Plastics, plastic cement carry out classification collection, positive and negative anodes powder obtained in step 3 and step 4 and metal positive and negative anodes powder are mixed into class
It is referred to and collects together.
Below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention will be described:
Embodiment one,
Lithium battery carries out dismantling electric discharge, and the lithium battery after electric discharge is sent into broken magnetic combination machine and is crushed；Magnetic combination machine is broken by lithium
Battery crushing, broken material are discharged by magnetic separation and by the metallic iron magneticly elected, and recycling obtains metallic iron；Broken magnetic combination machine
Middle to enter disassembler by the remaining material of magnetic separation, material is ground into powdery again and carries out decomposition and separation by disassembler, point
Material is resolved into that granularity mixes class greater than the metallo-plastic of the Plastic of 3mm, granularity between 1-3 mm and granularity is less than by solution machine
The metal positive and negative anodes powder of 1mm mixes class, includes the gold of 160 mesh or more in metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class of the granularity less than 1mm
Metal particles and 160 mesh positive and negative anodes powder below, the material by decomposition and separation enter tornado feeder set by negative pressure, and whirlwind gathers materials
Device gathers materials the positive and negative anodes powder of collection by the dust collecting system with blower, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by dust collecting system；By whirlwind
The positive and negative anodes powder that loading head is collected is screened by closed sorting mechanism, and the sundries such as the plastic foil of doping are screened,
The gas of extraction is carried out condensing recovery by the blower of dust collecting system, and the gas after condensing recovery discharges after carrying out exhaust-gas treatment；Rotation
Wind loading head is left the thicker material of particle and is screened by screening plant after collecting, granularity is greater than to Plastic, the grain of 3mm
Metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class of the metallo-plastic mixing class and granularity of degree between 1-3 mm less than 1mm branches away；It screens out
The metallo-plastic mixing class come passes through multiple gravity separation, and the different copper of specific gravity, aluminium and plastic cement are separated；It will obtain
Iron, copper, aluminium, plastics, plastic cement, metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture, positive and negative anodes powder and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class returned
Class is collected；Sort out the positive and negative anodes powder collected and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture is formed after mixed material vacuumizes through closing conveying
Machine is sent into high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace and is cracked, and the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is at 400 DEG C or more, the high temperature anaerobic
Pyrolysis furnace is vacuumized before mixed material is added and keeps closing, and the closing conveyer keeps vacuum during transportation
State, the plastics and adhesive adulterated in mixed material carry out cracking and generate combustible gas and collection, the mixture after cracking is discharged
Material is transported to screening installation by cooling conveying equipment, filters out the positive and negative anodes powder less than 160 mesh and is greater than 160 purposes
Copper aluminium mixture；The positive and negative anodes powder filtered out is subjected to classification collection, the copper aluminium mixture filtered out is subjected to specific gravity separation, point
Copper and aluminium from after carry out classification collection.
The disassembler open-ended and it being equipped with air inducing feeding wind wheel, the inside of disassembler has the rotor to run at high speed,
There is the spaced apart blade of multiple groups on the rotor, there is dismountable partition between every group of blade；Air inducing feeding wind wheel can
Smoothly pass over material, a variety of different material specific gravity are different in lithium battery, each under the negative pressure that air inducing feeding wind wheel generates
Kind material residence time in disassembler is different, and the lighter material specific gravity such as plastic cement, plastic diaphragms in material is smaller, thus
It can run through, can make plastics are nondestructive completely to pass through；The specific gravity of metallic copper, aluminium and positive/negative plate in lithium battery
Greatly, thus it is longer than plastic cement, plastic diaphragms class residence time, crushing it is thinner, and the rotor is run at high speed (when operating
The degree of positive/negative plate and the dissociation of positive and negative anodes powder can also be can adjust by adjusting revolving speed), make to generate high strong vortice in disassembler,
To make material rubs mutually collide, generate the comminuted effect of rubbing, positive and negative anodes powder made to fall off from copper foil and aluminium foil, because of copper and
Aluminium flexibility, ductility are preferable, and while colliding with each other and rubbing, copper, aluminium become round granular object；By disassembler point
Positive and negative anodes powder forms 160 mesh fine powder below after solution separation, and copper and aluminium form the metallic particles of 160 mesh or more.
In the process, material is resolved into powdered Plastic, metallo-plastic that granularity is successively decreased and mixes class by disassembler
Class is mixed with metal positive and negative anodes powder, then gathers materials and screens by whirlwind, carries out categorised collection after material capable of being sufficiently separated again,
The granularity that material decomposes is smaller, and qualitative difference is closer to density contrast between different material, and progress whirlwind gathers materials and gravity separation
Effect it is better.
Embodiment two,
The electrification lithium battery that could be used without electric discharge protects broken magnetic combination machine feeding to closing gas by anaerobic batcher, in batcher
Feeding port is vacuumized when protecting broken magnetic combination machine feeding to closing gas, protection gas is continually fed into batcher；Close gas
Broken magnetic combination machine is protected by charged lithium battery crushing, is protected in broken magnetic combination machine to closing gas and is continually fed into protection gas, broken object
Material by magnetic separation and the metallic iron magneticly elected is discharged by vacuum discharge, and recycling obtains metallic iron；It closes gas and protects broken magnetic combination
Enter closing heating volatilization conveying device by the remaining material of magnetic separation in machine, heats in volatilization conveying device to closing and persistently lead to
Enter and protect gas, closing heating volatilization conveying device makes volatile sour gas in material accelerate volatilization and together with material by heating
In positive and negative anodes powder dust collecting system entered by negative pressure carry out filtering of gathering dust of gathering materials, positive and negative anodes powder is collected by filtering, acid
Property gas by spray column carry out exhaust-gas treatment after by air-introduced machine discharge；Closing heating volatilization conveying device will be waved by heating
The material of hair is transported to closing gas and protects disassembler, protects in disassembler to closing gas and is continually fed into protection gas, and closing gas protects disassembler
Material crush again and reaches high speed milling decomposition and separation, closing gas protects disassembler and material is resolved into granularity greater than 3mm
Plastic, granularity between 1-3 mm metallo-plastic mixing class and granularity less than 1mm metal positive and negative anodes powder mix class,
Granularity includes the metallic particles and 160 mesh positive and negative anodes below of 160 mesh or more in the metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class less than 1mm
Powder, the material by decomposition and separation enter tornado feeder set by negative pressure, and tornado feeder set is by the positive and negative anodes powder of collection together with envelope
The protection gas protected in disassembler of holding one's breath is gathered materials by the dust collecting system with blower, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by dust collecting system；Rotation
Wind loading head is left the thicker material of particle and is screened by closing gas guarantor's screening plant after collecting, protect screening dress to closing gas
Protection gas is continually fed into setting, by granularity greater than the metallo-plastic of the Plastic of 3mm, granularity between 1-3 mm mix class and
Metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class of the granularity less than 1mm branches away；Screen out the metallo-plastic mixing of the granularity come between 1-3 mm
Class passes through multiple gravity separation, and the different copper of specific gravity, aluminium and plastic cement are separated；Just by obtained iron, positive and negative anodes powder, metal
Negative electrode powder mixture, copper, aluminium, plastics and plastic cement carry out classification collection.
The broken material of lithium battery is subjected to protection gas shielded in the above overall process, after preventing lithium battery and crushing
Positive and negative anodes powder carry out fever electric discharge, it is thus also avoided that the oxidation of metal, protection gas use nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
In order to purify and segment metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture again to the positive and negative anodes powder of collection, will sort out
The positive and negative anodes powder and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture of collection form mixed material and are sent into high temperature anaerobic cracking by closing conveyer
Furnace is cracked, and the temperature of high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is at 400 DEG C or more, will be high in order to guarantee the oxygen that undopes in mixed material
Warm anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is vacuumized before mixed material is added and keeps closing, and closes filling protection gas in conveyer, will
It closes conveyer and keeps closing, avoid protection gas to enter when mixed material is added to high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, in mixed material
The plastics and adhesive of doping carry out cracking and generate combustible gas and collection is discharged, and the mixed material after cracking is set by cooling conveying
It is standby to be transported to screening installation, filter out the positive and negative anodes powder less than 160 mesh and the copper aluminium mixture greater than 160 mesh；Using high temperature without
Oxygen pyrolysis furnace purifies the positive and negative anodes powder of extraction, and the plastics of doping and adhesive are cracked, and cracks the flammable of generation
Gas gas can also carry out burning and heat using to high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace；In high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace without protection gas into
Row protection, positive and negative anodes powder are discharged at high temperature, are generated heat, can be added to the mixed material in high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace
Heat makes full use of the energy, saves the energy of external heating.
The positive and negative anodes powder filtered out is subjected to classification collection, the copper aluminium mixture filtered out is subjected to specific gravity separation, separation
Copper and aluminium afterwards carries out classification collection.
The junction of the entrance for closing the broken magnetic combination machine of gas guarantor and anaerobic batcher is sealed, which protects broken
Magnetic combination machine includes crusher and magnetic separator, which is also connected with the vacuum material discharging machine with outside air isolation, the envelope
The inside for closing heating volatilization conveying device has spiral conveying blade, and the internal temperature of the closing heating volatilization conveying device exists
Between 70 DEG C -150 DEG C, the lower section of closing heating volatilization conveying device has heating furnace or heats volatilization conveying dress to closing
The inside set is passed through protection gas of the temperature between 70 DEG C -150 DEG C, which protects the open-ended of disassembler and be equipped with air inducing
Feeding wind wheel, the inside that the closing gas protects disassembler have the rotor to run at high speed, have multiple groups interval cloth on the rotor
The blade set has dismountable partition between every group of blade；Air inducing feeding wind wheel can be such that material smoothly passes over, in lithium battery
A variety of different material specific gravity are different, and various materials are protected in disassembler in closing gas and stopped under the negative pressure that air inducing feeding wind wheel generates
The time stayed is different, and the lighter material specific gravity such as plastic cement, plastic diaphragms in material is smaller, so as to run through, can make
Plastics are nondestructive completely to be passed through；The ratio of metallic copper, aluminium and positive/negative plate in lithium battery is great, thus than plastic cement, plastics
Diaphragm class residence time is longer, crushing it is thinner, and the rotor be run at high speed (when operating can also by adjusting revolving speed,
The degree of adjustable positive/negative plate and the dissociation of positive and negative anodes powder), it protects closing gas and generates high strong vortice in disassembler, to make material
Rubs mutually collision, generates the comminuted effect of rubbing, positive and negative anodes powder is made to fall off from copper foil and aluminium foil, because copper and aluminium flexibility,
Ductility is preferable, and while colliding with each other and rubbing, copper, aluminium become round granular object；Disassembler point is protected by closing gas
Positive and negative anodes powder forms 160 mesh fine powder below after solution separates, and copper and aluminium form the metallic particles of 160 mesh or more, and closing gas, which is protected, to be divided
Protection gas in solution machine enters closing gas guarantor's disassembler through blower after filtering by dust collecting system and closing conveyer utilizes again,
The closing gas is protected disassembler and can be replaced with other equipment with identity function, carries out depth crushing decomposition to material.
The high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace using gas heating or can use electric heating, the high temperature using external heating
Between 400 DEG C -800 DEG C of temperature of anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, the combustible gas that plastics and adhesive carry out cracking generation can lead to described
Combustion heat supplying is carried out below high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, the exhaust gas for generation of burning discharges after treatment；Burning waste gas body passes through urgency
It gathers dust cooling after cold cooling by secondary cyclone chilling, enters pulse dust removal after reaching waste gas lower than 150 degree, after gathering dust again
Into activated carbon adsorption, is entering spray column progress depickling after absorption, drawn after depickling by blower, thus qualified discharge.
The temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace can also be between 660 DEG C -800 DEG C, the aluminium fusing in mixed material at this time
It is gradually cooled into the rounded grain of rule at liquid and in cooling transmission process, is separated convenient for the screening of aluminium and specific gravity.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of physical recovering method technique of lithium battery, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, lithium battery broken magnetic combination machine is sent into be crushed；
Step 2, magnetic combination machine being broken to be crushed lithium battery, broken material is discharged by magnetic separation and by the metallic iron magneticly elected,
Recycling obtains metallic iron；
Step 3, it breaks in magnetic combination machine and enters disassembler by the remaining material of magnetic separation, material is ground by disassembler again
Powdery carries out decomposition and separation, and material is resolved into the Plastic that granularity successively decreases by disassembler, metallo-plastic mixes class and metal is positive and negative
Pole powder mixes class, includes the biggish metallic particles of granularity and the lesser positive and negative anodes of granularity in metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class
Powder, the material by decomposition and separation enter tornado feeder set by negative pressure, and the positive and negative anodes powder of collection is passed through band by tornado feeder set
The dust collecting system of blower is gathered materials, and positive and negative anodes powder is collected by dust collecting system；
Step 4, it is left the thicker material of particle after tornado feeder set is collected to be screened by screening plant, by the plastics
Class, metallo-plastic mixing class and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixing class branch away；
Step 5, the metallo-plastic mixing class come is screened out by multiple gravity separation, by the different copper of specific gravity, aluminium and modeling
Glue is separated；
Step 6, the copper and aluminium iron obtained in step 2 and step 5 obtained carries out classification collection, and step 4 and step 5 are obtained
Plastics, plastic cement carry out classification collection, positive and negative anodes powder obtained in step 3 and step 4 and metal positive and negative anodes powder are mixed into class
It is referred to and collects together.
2. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
Step 7, the positive and negative anodes powder for sorting out collection will be carried out in step 6 and metal positive and negative anodes powder mixture forms mixed material and takes out very
It is sent into high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace by closing conveyer after sky to be cracked, the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is at 400 DEG C
More than, the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is vacuumized before mixed material is added and keeps closing, and the closing conveyer exists
Vacuum state is kept in transmission process, the plastics and adhesive adulterated in mixed material carry out cracking and generate combustible gas and receipts are discharged
Collection, mixed material after cracking pass through cooling conveying equipment and are transported to screening installation, filter out the lesser positive and negative anodes powder of granularity with
The biggish copper aluminium mixture of granularity；
Step 8, the positive and negative anodes powder filtered out in step 7 is subjected to classification collection, the copper aluminium mixture filtered out is subjected to specific gravity
Separation, copper and aluminium after separation carry out classification collection.
3. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 1, lithium is electric
Pond is sent into broken magnetic combination machine and carries out carrying out dismantling electric discharge to lithium battery before being crushed；In step 3, tornado feeder set is collected just
Negative electrode powder is screened by closed sorting mechanism, and the sundries such as the plastic foil of doping are screened, the blower of dust collecting system
The gas of extraction is subjected to condensing recovery, the gas after condensing recovery discharges after carrying out exhaust-gas treatment.
4. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the lithium battery is band
Electric lithium battery, the broken magnetic combination machine are the broken magnetic combination machine of closing gas guarantor for being continuously connected with protection gas, and the disassembler is continuous
The closing gas for being connected with protection gas protects disassembler, and the screening plant is the closing gas guarantor's screening plant for being continuously connected with protection gas；?
In step 1, broken magnetic combination machine feeding is protected to the closing gas by anaerobic batcher, protects broken magnetic combination to closing gas in batcher
Feeding port is vacuumized when machine feeding, protection gas is continually fed into batcher；It after step 2, will before step 3
Closing gas, which is protected in broken magnetic combination machine, enters closing heating volatilization conveying device by the remaining material of magnetic separation, to closing heating volatilization
Protection gas is continually fed into conveying device, closing heating volatilization conveying device adds volatile sour gas in material by heating
Speed, which volatilizees and enters dust collecting system by negative pressure together with the positive and negative anodes powder in material, carries out filtering of gathering dust of gathering materials, and positive and negative anodes powder passes through
Filtering is collected, and sour gas is discharged after spray column carries out exhaust-gas treatment by air-introduced machine；In step 3, whirlwind collection
Glassware gathers materials the protection gas that the positive and negative anodes powder of collection is protected in disassembler together with closing gas by the dust collecting system with blower,
The protection gas that closing gas is protected in disassembler enters closing gas guarantor's disassembler through blower after filtering by dust collecting system and closing conveys
Machine utilizes again.
5. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the closing gas protects broken magnetic group
The entrance of conjunction machine and the junction of anaerobic batcher are sealed, and it includes crusher and magnetic that the closing gas, which protects broken magnetic combination machine,
Machine is selected, the magnetic separator is also connected with the vacuum material discharging machine with outside air isolation.
6. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the closing heating volatilization is defeated
Send device inside have spiral conveying blade, it is described closing heating volatilization conveying device internal temperature 70 DEG C -150 DEG C it
Between.
7. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the closing heating volatilization is defeated
Sending the lower section of device has heating furnace.
8. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the closing heating volatilization is defeated
The inside of device is sent to be passed through protection gas of the temperature between 70 DEG C -150 DEG C.
9. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace
Heated using outside, the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace between 400 DEG C -800 DEG C, in step 7 plastics and adhesive into
The combustible gas that row cracking generates can lead to and carry out combustion heat supplying below the high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis furnace, the exhaust gas warp for generation of burning
It is discharged after crossing processing.
10. the physical recovering method technique of lithium battery according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the high temperature anaerobic cracking
Between 660 DEG C -800 DEG C of temperature of furnace, the aluminium in mixed material is fused into liquid and gradually cools down shape in cooling transmission process
At rounded grain.
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| CN201810711627.6A Active CN108927401B (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-07-03 | Crushing and recycling process after anaerobic cracking of lithium battery |
| CN201810711600.7A Active CN108615956B (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-07-03 | Discharge power lithium battery recovery process |
| CN201810712762.2A Pending CN108941162A (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-07-03 | A kind of lithium battery anaerobic cracking recycling sorting process |
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| CN201810711600.7A Active CN108615956B (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-07-03 | Discharge power lithium battery recovery process |
| CN201810712762.2A Pending CN108941162A (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-07-03 | A kind of lithium battery anaerobic cracking recycling sorting process |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108615956A (en) | 2018-10-02 |
| CN108927401A (en) | 2018-12-04 |
| CN108615956B (en) | 2020-07-17 |
| CN108941162A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108927401B (en) | 2022-08-19 |
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