CN116315232A - Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries - Google Patents
Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN116315232A CN116315232A CN202310315567.7A CN202310315567A CN116315232A CN 116315232 A CN116315232 A CN 116315232A CN 202310315567 A CN202310315567 A CN 202310315567A CN 116315232 A CN116315232 A CN 116315232A
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- waste
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- power batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/42—Basic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
- B09B2101/16—Batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly recycling method of waste power batteries, wherein a quartz sand purification process comprises raw ore classification, primary crushing, primary screening, scrubbing, calcining and water quenching, intermediate crushing, final screening, color selection, purification, final sorting, drying treatment and packaging; the purification includes physical purification and chemical purification, wherein the physical purification comprises high-temperature calcination treatment, magnetic separation treatment and floatation treatment; the chemical purification comprises soaking solution, wherein the solution comprises acidic solution and alkaline solution, the high-purity quartz sand after chemical purification is cleaned and finally sorted, and the quartz sand is dried by a vacuum dryer, packed and delivered. The method is safe and reliable, the whole process is completed in an anaerobic environment, the chemical reaction is reduced, meanwhile, the heat in the production process is recycled, the resource utilization rate is increased, waste gas generated in the production is treated, the harmful substances in the discharged waste gas are reduced through alkali spraying, water spraying and aerosol separation, and meanwhile, the adsorption treatment is discharged after reaching qualification, so that the processing treatment process is complex and green and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection recovery of waste power batteries, in particular to an environmental protection recovery and reuse method of waste power batteries.
Background
The power battery is a power source for providing power for tools, and is a storage battery for providing power for electric automobiles, electric trains, electric bicycles and golf carts.
Which is mainly distinguished from a starting battery for starting an engine of an automobile. Valve port sealed lead-acid storage batteries, open tubular lead-acid storage batteries and lithium iron phosphate storage batteries are adopted in many cases.
The lithium iron battery is a novel green high-energy chemical power supply which is pushed out by the United states YongBei corporation after 2000 years and is successfully marketed, and has excellent performance in the aspects of being applied to electronic equipment and electric toys which need high-energy high-power supply; compared with nickel-hydrogen batteries, the nickel-hydrogen battery has stable discharge voltage and obvious advantages in storage time.
Since cadmium in nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) is toxic, the waste batteries are complicated to process and pollute the environment, so that the waste batteries are gradually replaced by nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries (Ni-MH) made of hydrogen storage alloy. From the aspect of battery power, the nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery with the same size has a power which is about 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of the nickel-cadmium battery, and no cadmium pollution, and has been widely used for various small portable electronic devices such as mobile communication, notebook computers and the like. The nickel-hydrogen battery is synthesized by hydrogen ions and metallic nickel, has 30% more electric quantity reserve than the nickel-cadmium battery, is lighter than the nickel-cadmium battery, has longer service life and has no pollution to the environment. The nickel-hydrogen battery with larger capacity is used for the gasoline/electric hybrid electric vehicle, the nickel-hydrogen battery can be used for fast charge and discharge, when the vehicle runs at a high speed, the electricity generated by the generator can be stored in the vehicle-mounted nickel-hydrogen battery, and when the vehicle runs at a low speed, a large amount of gasoline is generally consumed in a high-speed running state, so that in order to save the gasoline, the vehicle-mounted nickel-hydrogen battery can be used for driving the motor to replace the internal combustion engine to work, thereby ensuring the normal running of the vehicle and saving a large amount of gasoline.
At present, a great amount of toxic substances can be generated in the recycling process of the existing waste power batteries, and an effective, safe and environment-friendly recycling mode cannot be achieved. Therefore, a new solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries, which solves the problems that a large amount of toxic substances can be generated in the recycling process of the existing waste power batteries, and an effective, safe and environment-friendly recycling mode cannot be realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the environment-friendly recycling method for the waste power batteries comprises the following steps of:
step 1: physically discharging the recovered waste power battery to 2.5V at a multiplying power of more than 1C, discharging to 0.2V at a small multiplying power of 0.1-0.5C, and marking after discharging is finished;
step 2: transmitting the discharged power battery through a feeding machine, crushing through a crusher, and transmitting the power battery to a next process through a conveyor after the crushing is finished;
step 3: carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the crushed waste conveyed by the conveyor, wherein high-temperature pyrolysis equipment is connected with a heating source;
step 4: the battery waste subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis is rapidly cooled and discharged, and is subjected to sorting treatment, wherein a magnetic separation device is preferred as a sorting treatment mode, and iron can be selected by sorting;
step 5: the battery waste after separation treatment is divided into light matters and heavy matters, wherein the heavy matters are separated again to obtain copper aluminum and stainless steel products;
step 6: decomposing the light matters obtained by separation into particles by a high-speed decomposing machine, collecting the particles, and collecting generated dust by a draught fan, wherein the dust contains positive and negative electrode powder;
step 7: and (3) screening the aggregate obtained in the step (6), screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles, classifying and screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles again, and carrying out specific gravity separation after screening to obtain the aluminum and copper products.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding machine, the crusher and the conveyor in the step 2 are all performed in an anaerobic environment.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feeder, the crusher and the conveyor are all connected to a protector, so that the reaction is reduced in the production process.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the combustible gas is generated in the pyrolysis process of the step 3, and can be recycled.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis process generates and treats exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas treatment process includes:
s1: alkali spraying
S2: spraying water;
s3: separating the aerosol;
s4: adsorption treatment;
s5: and (5) qualified discharge.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a large amount of heat is generated during the exhaust gas treatment and is recycled.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sorting treatment mode of the step 5 includes eddy current sorting and gravity sorting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention performs physical discharge on the recovered waste power battery, discharges to 2.5V with the multiplying power of more than 1C, discharges to 0.2V with the small multiplying power of 0.1-0.5C, and makes the standard after the discharge is completed; transmitting the discharged power battery through a feeding machine, crushing through a crusher, and transmitting the power battery to a next process through a conveyor after the crushing is finished; carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the crushed waste conveyed by the conveyor, wherein high-temperature pyrolysis equipment is connected with a heating source; the battery waste subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis is rapidly cooled and discharged, and is subjected to sorting treatment, wherein a magnetic separation device is preferred as a sorting treatment mode, and iron can be selected by sorting; the battery waste after separation treatment is divided into light matters and heavy matters, wherein the heavy matters are separated again to obtain copper aluminum and stainless steel products; decomposing the light matters obtained by separation into particles by a high-speed decomposing machine, collecting the particles, and collecting generated dust by a draught fan, wherein the dust contains positive and negative electrode powder; screening the collecting materials obtained in the step 6, screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles, classifying and screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles again, and carrying out specific gravity separation after screening to obtain aluminum and copper products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the environment-friendly recycling method for the waste power batteries comprises the following steps of:
step 1: physically discharging the recovered waste power battery to 2.5V at a multiplying power of more than 1C, discharging to 0.2V at a small multiplying power of 0.1-0.5C, and marking after discharging is finished;
step 2: transmitting the discharged power battery through a feeding machine, crushing through a crusher, and transmitting the power battery to a next process through a conveyor after the crushing is finished;
step 3: carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the crushed waste conveyed by the conveyor, wherein high-temperature pyrolysis equipment is connected with a heating source;
step 4: the battery waste subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis is rapidly cooled and discharged, and is subjected to sorting treatment, wherein a magnetic separation device is preferred as a sorting treatment mode, and iron can be selected by sorting;
step 5: the battery waste after separation treatment is divided into light matters and heavy matters, wherein the heavy matters are separated again to obtain copper aluminum and stainless steel products;
step 6: decomposing the light matters obtained by separation into particles by a high-speed decomposing machine, collecting the particles, and collecting generated dust by a draught fan, wherein the dust contains positive and negative electrode powder;
step 7: and (3) screening the aggregate obtained in the step (6), screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles, classifying and screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles again, and carrying out specific gravity separation after screening to obtain the aluminum and copper products.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: the feeding machine, the crusher and the conveyor in the step 2 are all carried out in an anaerobic environment.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: the feeding machine, the crusher and the conveyor are all connected with the protector, so that the reaction is reduced in the production process.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: and (3) combustible gas is generated in the high-temperature cracking process of the step (3) and can be recycled.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: waste gas is generated in the pyrolysis process and is subjected to waste gas treatment, and the waste gas treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1: alkali spraying
S2: spraying water;
s3: separating the aerosol;
s4: adsorption treatment;
s5: and (5) qualified discharge.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: and a large amount of heat is generated in the waste gas treatment process, and waste heat is recycled.
Further improved, as shown in fig. 1: the sorting treatment mode of the step 5 comprises eddy current sorting and specific gravity sorting.
Working principle: physically discharging the recovered waste power battery to 2.5V at a multiplying power of more than 1C, discharging to 0.2V at a small multiplying power of 0.1-0.5C, and marking after discharging is finished; transmitting the discharged power battery through a feeding machine, crushing through a crusher, and transmitting the power battery to a next process through a conveyor after the crushing is finished; carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the crushed waste conveyed by the conveyor, wherein high-temperature pyrolysis equipment is connected with a heating source; the battery waste subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis is rapidly cooled and discharged, and is subjected to sorting treatment, wherein a magnetic separation device is preferred as a sorting treatment mode, and iron can be selected by sorting; the battery waste after separation treatment is divided into light matters and heavy matters, wherein the heavy matters are separated again to obtain copper aluminum and stainless steel products; decomposing the light matters obtained by separation into particles by a high-speed decomposing machine, collecting the particles, and collecting generated dust by a draught fan, wherein the dust contains positive and negative electrode powder; screening the collecting materials obtained in the step 6, screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles, classifying and screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles again, and carrying out specific gravity separation after screening to obtain aluminum and copper products.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The last points to be described are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and defined, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be mechanical or electrical, or may be a direct connection between two elements, and "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc. are merely used to indicate relative positional relationships, which may be changed when the absolute position of the object being described is changed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The environment-friendly recycling method for the waste power batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method for recycling the waste power batteries in an environment-friendly way comprises the following steps:
step 1: physically discharging the recovered waste power battery to 2.5V at a multiplying power of more than 1C, discharging to 0.2V at a small multiplying power of 0.1-0.5C, and marking after discharging is finished;
step 2: transmitting the discharged power battery through a feeding machine, crushing through a crusher, and transmitting the power battery to a next process through a conveyor after the crushing is finished;
step 3: carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the crushed waste conveyed by the conveyor, wherein high-temperature pyrolysis equipment is connected with a heating source;
step 4: the battery waste subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis is rapidly cooled and discharged, and is subjected to sorting treatment, wherein a magnetic separation device is preferred as a sorting treatment mode, and iron can be selected by sorting;
step 5: the battery waste after separation treatment is divided into light matters and heavy matters, wherein the heavy matters are separated again to obtain copper aluminum and stainless steel products;
step 6: decomposing the light matters obtained by separation into particles by a high-speed decomposing machine, collecting the particles, and collecting generated dust by a draught fan, wherein the dust contains positive and negative electrode powder;
step 7: and (3) screening the aggregate obtained in the step (6), screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles, classifying and screening the obtained copper-aluminum particles again, and carrying out specific gravity separation after screening to obtain the aluminum and copper products.
2. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feeding machine, the crusher and the conveyor in the step 2 are all carried out in an anaerobic environment.
3. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the feeding machine, the crusher and the conveyor are all connected with the protector, so that the reaction is reduced in the production process.
4. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) combustible gas is generated in the high-temperature cracking process of the step (3) and can be recycled.
5. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: waste gas is generated in the pyrolysis process and is subjected to waste gas treatment, and the waste gas treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1: alkali spraying
S2: spraying water;
s3: separating the aerosol;
s4: adsorption treatment;
s5: and (5) qualified discharge.
6. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: and a large amount of heat is generated in the waste gas treatment process, and waste heat is recycled.
7. The method for environmental-friendly recycling of waste power batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sorting treatment mode of the step 5 comprises eddy current sorting and specific gravity sorting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310315567.7A CN116315232A (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2023-03-29 | Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310315567.7A CN116315232A (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2023-03-29 | Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries |
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| CN116315232A true CN116315232A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN202310315567.7A Pending CN116315232A (en) | 2023-03-29 | 2023-03-29 | Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries |
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Citations (8)
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| JP2021139020A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Valuable metal recovery method from waste battery |
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| US20230052068A1 (en) * | 2020-10-04 | 2023-02-16 | Hunan Jin Yuan New Matrials Joint Stock Company Limited | Method for disassembling and separating waste lithium-ion battery |
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2023
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Patent Citations (9)
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| CN107623152A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-23 | 江西理工大学 | Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method |
| CN108258356A (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2018-07-06 | 上饶市德鑫实业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of old and useless battery |
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