CN107623152A - Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method - Google Patents

Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method Download PDF

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CN107623152A
CN107623152A CN201711017436.1A CN201711017436A CN107623152A CN 107623152 A CN107623152 A CN 107623152A CN 201711017436 A CN201711017436 A CN 201711017436A CN 107623152 A CN107623152 A CN 107623152A
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flue gas
metal
resulting
electrokinetic cell
processing
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CN107623152B (en
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严康
徐志峰
田磊
黄金堤
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method, its processing step includes:Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell discharge process, disassemble the flows such as processing, burning disposal, more metal charge pulverization process, the molten leaching process of more metal charges acid, extraction processing, precipitation process, flue gas secondary combustion processing, flue gas quenching, flue gas alkali spray process, flue gas urea spray process, flue gas adsorption treatment.The present invention can fully reclaim the valuable metal in applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell, farthest improve metal recovery utilization rate, realize recycling for metals resources;Flue gas is after the PROCESS FOR TREATMENTs such as second-time burning, chilling, alkali spray, urea spray, absorption, it can directly discharge, improve the environmental protection index of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recycling process, do not produce secondary pollution, realize clean manufacturing, economic benefit, obvious environment benefit.

Description

Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste and old electrokinetic cell recycling field, and in particular to a kind of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recycling is returned Receiving method.
Background technology
With the fast development of new-energy automobile market, the learies of lithium-ion-power cell will be significantly increased.Lithium ion Electrokinetic cell is mainly made up of positive pole, negative pole, barrier film, electrolyte.In typical lithium-ion-power cell containing cobalt, lithium, copper, The valuable metals such as aluminium, nickel, iron, wherein copper, lithium, cobalt, nickel are primarily present in positive electrode, great recovery value.Waste and old lithium from If sub- electrokinetic cell recycling is improper, not only the metals resources rate of recovery is not high, causes the waste of resource, will also cause environment dirty The recycling of dye, wherein waste and old lithium ion battery recycles one of key technology for turning into that recycling of WEEE utilizes.
Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recovery process is mainly by three kinds of pretreatment, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgical smelting technical combinations Form.Preconditioning technique is mainly disassembled, crushed, and waste and old lithium ion battery is carried out into physical separation.Hydrometallurgy be mainly into Row leaching, extraction, precipitation etc., realize the separation and recovery of metal.Pyrometallurgical smelting is to pass through battery material and reducing agent, slag former Enter together in smelting furnace after dispensing and carry out reduction melting, enter back into follow-up metal recovery process.
At present, a variety of method joints of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recovery generally use carry out recycling recovery, place be present Manage long flow path, the problems such as metal recovery rate is not high.
Patent CN106025417A discloses a kind of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell particle sorting unit, sorting unit master To include high-pressure water nozzle, vibrating screen panel, tilting stirring slurry, diaphragm casing particle discharging opening, collector particle discharging opening, electricity The devices such as pole material discharging opening, electrode material holding vessel, diaphragm casing output band, it is possible to achieve applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell is broken The sorting of each material in material.The device that the device includes is more, and metal easily presss from both sides with nonmetallic, metal and metal in assorting room Miscellaneous, metal easily loss causes the rate of recovery not high.
Patent CN106252778A discloses a kind of new-energy automobile applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell tertiary cathode material Recovery method, include following processing step:The mixture of both positive and negative polarity powder, binding agent is isolated after waste and old electrokinetic cell is broken, Negative pole graphite powder in mixture, binding agent burning are removed, dust reclaims to obtain tertiary cathode material waste material, useless by detecting Lithium, nickel, cobalt, the constituent content of manganese in material, and benefit lithium is carried out, then classification is sintered-crushes, finally give tertiary cathode material Expect certified products.This method it is poor for applicability, applying waste lithium ionic power battery material composition differs, and is also easy to during cracking and sorting It is mingled with the metals such as copper, aluminium, iron in both positive and negative polarity powder, after sintered, shadow is caused for follow-up tertiary cathode material product quality Ring, cause industrialization production process stability poor, be unfavorable for scale application.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of solution applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource Change removal process metal recovery rate is not high and is also easy to produce secondary pollution problem, realizes the efficient, clear of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell Clean recycling recovery.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recycling is returned Receiving method, comprise the following steps.
(1)Electric discharge pretreatment:Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell is subjected to discharge process.
(2)Disassemble:By step(1)The resulting waste and old electrokinetic cell without electricity carries out shell and disassembles isolated plating Gold, iron-clad or aluminum hull, battery core, are respectively used to the recovery of follow-up gold, iron, aluminium, battery core is used for follow-up processing.
(3)Burn:By step(2)Resulting battery core carries out burning disposal, obtains more metal charges and flue gas.
(4)Crush:By step(3)Resulting more metal charges are ground into more metal powder materials.
(5)Leach:By step(4)It is molten that resulting more metal powder materials carry out acid.
(6)Extraction:By step(5)Resulting solution carries out extract and separate, respectively obtains cobalt, nickel, copper, lithium metal separation Liquid.
(7)Precipitation:By step(6)Resulting metal separating liquid is precipitated, metal is separately recovered to obtain cobalt, Nickel, copper, lithium metal product.
(8)Second-time burning:By step(3)Resulting flue gas carries out second-time burning processing, organic by what is remained in flue gas Thing fully burns, and obtains the flue gas without organic matter.
(9)Chilling:By step(8)The resulting flue gas without organic matter carries out quenching, and flue gas is cooled And recuperation of heat.
(10)Alkali sprays:By step(9)Resulting flue gas carries out alkali spray process, flue gas is carried out at de- acidic materials Reason, obtain the flue gas without acid.
(11)Urea sprays:By step(10)Resulting flue gas carries out urea spray process, and denitrogenation oxygen is carried out to flue gas Compound processing, obtains the flue gas of not nitrogen-containing oxide.
(12)Absorption:By step(11)Resulting flue gas carries out adsorption treatment, adsorbs minimal amount of solid cigarette in flue gas Dirt, obtain can qualified discharge flue gas.
Preferably, the step(1)In, discharge process is carried out to applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell using salt solution, during electric discharge Between 2-4 hour.
Preferably, described step(2)In, shell is carried out using special waste and old electrokinetic cell disassembling apparatus and gold-plated torn open Solution and classification recovery.
Preferably, described step(3)In, burning disposal is carried out to battery core using converter, incineration temperature control is 400- 800 DEG C, burn maintenance 30-60 minutes time.
Preferably, described step(4)In, using pulverizer by step(3)In obtain more metal charges and crushed, crush Granularity is 40-80 mesh.
Preferably, described step(5)In, it is described it is sour it is molten more metal powder materials are dissolved using sulfuric acid, it is described Sulfuric acid concentration is 180-200 g/L, liquid-solid ratio 5-6.
Preferably, described step(6)In, described extract and separate is extracted using extractant to more metal acid solutions Separation, removal of impurities are taken, the extractant can be P204, at least one of P507, Cyanex272, respectively obtain cobalt, nickel, copper, lithium Metal separating liquid.
Preferably, described step(7)In, described precipitation is i.e. using chemical precipitation method respectively to step(6)Obtain Metal separating liquid precipitated, precipitating reagent can be oxalic acid, NH4At least one of F, sodium carbonate, respectively obtain copper, cobalt, nickel, Lithium metal product.
Preferably, described step(8)In, described second-time burning temperature control is 1100-1250 DEG C.
Preferably, described step(9)In, flue-gas temperature is down to by described chilling using waste heat boiler chilling Less than 200 DEG C.
Preferably, described step(10)In, described alkali spray is mainly using sodium acid carbonate to the acid in flue gas Matter is removed, and spray liquid sodium acid carbonate concentration is 10-25wt.%.
Preferably, described step(11)In, described urea spray process is using urea to the nitrogen oxides in flue gas Removed, spray liquid urea concentration is 5-20wt.%.
Preferably, described step(12)In, described absorption is mainly entered using activated carbon to the impurity remained in flue gas Row absorption, finally makes flue gas qualified discharge.
Preferably, in more metal powder materials obtained by the battery core of described applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell is after burning disposal Without diaphragm paper, metal recovery rate is up to more than 99.9%.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:The applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recycling recovery of the present invention Method, clean and effective, by set electric discharge pre-process-disassemble-burn-more metal charges crush-leaching-extract and separate- Precipitation-flue gas secondary combustion-flue gas quenching-flue gas alkali spray process-flue gas urea spray process-flue gas absorption The technological processes such as processing, are finally separately recovered to obtain metallic cobalt, copper, nickel, lithium.It has advantages below:1st, with other waste and old lithiums Ion battery recovery method is compared, and can fully reclaim the valuable metal in applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell, farthest Metal recovery utilization rate is improved, realizes recycling for metals resources;2nd, flue gas is through flue gas secondary combustion, chilling, alkali spray, urine It after the PROCESS FOR TREATMENTs such as element spray, absorption, can directly discharge, improve the environmental protection of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell recycling process Index, secondary pollution is not produced, realize clean manufacturing, economic benefit, obvious environment benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention is made below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment more complete Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment in detail below.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of processing step of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell resource recycle method includes:Waste and old lithium from Sub- electrokinetic cell discharge process, disassemble processing, burning disposal, more metal charge break process, the molten processing of more metal charges acid, more metals Expect extraction processing, more metal charge precipitation process, flue gas secondary combustion processing, flue gas quenching, flue gas alkali spray process, flue gas The flows such as urea spray process, flue gas adsorption treatment, the valuable metal in applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell can finally be separately recovered, Realize that metals resources recycle.Flue gas can make Du through techniques such as second-time burning, chilling, alkali spray, urea spray, absorption Secondary pollution caused by exhausted flue gas, improves environmental protection index, realizes resource circulation utilization and the cleaning of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell Production.
Specifically:Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell is subjected to punching processing using reserve battery puncher, average each electricity 3-4 hole is beaten in pond, can significantly improve the discharging efficiency of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell.Battery after punching is handled is soaked Discharge process, 2-4 hour of discharge time are carried out in salt solution.Again by the applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell after discharge process Carry out disassembling processing, by the shell of battery and it is gold-plated disassemble and reclaimed for follow-up classification, recyclable iron, aluminium and gold-plated.Will Disassemble in the battery core feeding incinerator that processing obtains and carry out burning disposal, incinerator selects converter, and burning process is maintained at 400- Carried out at a temperature of 800 DEG C, burn maintenance 30-60 minutes time, applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell can be obtained on this condition The optimum efficiency of burning.More metal charges that burning disposal obtains enter pulverization process, are crushed to granularity 40-80 mesh.After crushing The more metal charges arrived carry out the molten processing of acid, and acid dissolution mainly uses sulfuric acid leaching, and the leachate obtained after the molten processing of acid enters Follow-up extract and separate, i.e., extract and separate, removal of impurities are carried out to more metal acid solutions using extractant, produced with the metal classified Product, then use metal product of the liquid to be classified after chemical precipitation method processing extract and separate.Flue gas caused by burning process First through second-time burning, i.e., by the organic matter completely burned in flue gas, obtain the flue gas without organic matter, second-time burning temperature control At 1100-1250 DEG C;Flue gas without organic matter enters quenching through pipeline, recuperation of heat is carried out using waste heat boiler, through urgency After cold treatment, flue-gas temperature is brought down below 200 DEG C.Flue gas after quenching is subjected to alkali spray process, using bicarbonate Sodium is sprayed, to obtain the flue gas without acidic materials.Flue gas after alkali sprays is subjected to urea spray, to be free of The flue gas of nitrogen oxides.Flue gas after urea spray process is subjected to adsorption treatment, adsorbed using activated carbon.Waste and old lithium Diaphragm paper is free of in the battery core of ion battery more metal powder materials resulting after burning disposal, metal recovery rate reaches More than 99.9%.
Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell after discharge process goes electric rate 100%, ensure that the safety for the process of disassembling, together When can be recycled for the salt solution of electric discharge.Through disassembling the obtained shell of processing, gold-plated and battery core can be recycled respectively, Improve the recovery utilization rate of metals resources.Flue gas after second-time burning, through quenching, the content of organics in flue gas Less than 0.1%;Spray through alkali, the flue gas after urea spray process, flue gas middle acid substance and nitrogen oxides index meet discharge mark It is accurate.The indices in flue gas after charcoal absorption is handled meet discharge standard.
Embodiment 1
(1)Electric discharge pretreatment:Punching processing is carried out to applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell using reserve battery puncher first, it is average Each battery beats 3-4 hole, and then battery is soaked in salt solution and carries out discharge process, 4 hours of discharge time.
(2)Disassemble:Using special waste and old electrokinetic cell disassembling apparatus to step(1)The resulting waste and old power without electricity Battery carry out shell and it is gold-plated disassemble, isolated gold-plated, iron-clad or aluminum hull, battery core, be respectively used to follow-up gold, iron, aluminium Recovery, battery core is used for follow-up recycling.
(3)Burn:Burning disposal is carried out to the battery core of applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell using converter, incineration temperature control is 600 DEG C, time maintenance 60 minutes is burned, obtains more metal charges and flue gas.
(4)Crush:Using pulverizer by step(3)In obtain more metal charges and crushed, it is more for 80 purposes to obtain granularity Metal powder material.
(5)Leach:Use concentration to be dissolved for 190 g/L sulfuric acid solution to more metal powder materials, control the liquid-solid ratio to be 5。
(6)Extraction:Extract and separate is carried out to more metal acid solutions using extractant, using P204 extracting coppers, using P507 Cobalt is extracted, liquid uses P204 extraction of nickel after extracting cobalt, and lithium respectively obtains copper, cobalt, nickel, lithium metal separating liquid in liquid after extracting nickel.
(7)Precipitation:Using chemical precipitation method respectively to step(6)Liquid is precipitated after obtained metal separation, is used Oxalic acid precipitation cobalt, using sodium carbonate coprecipitated nickel hydroxide, using sodium carbonate cement copper, using NH4F precipitates lithium, is separately recovered to obtain oxalic acid Cobalt, nickelous carbonate, copper carbonate, lithium fluoride product.
(8)Second-time burning:By step(3)Resulting flue gas carries out second-time burning processing, controls as 1200 DEG C or so, will The organic matter remained in flue gas fully burns, and obtains the flue gas without organic matter.
(9)Chilling:Using waste heat boiler quick cooling method to step(8)The resulting flue gas without organic matter carries out chilling Processing, 150 DEG C or so are down to by flue-gas temperature.
(10)Alkali sprays:It is 20wt.% sodium bicarbonate solution to step to use concentration(9)Resulting flue gas carries out alkali Spray process, de- acidic materials processing is carried out to flue gas, obtains the flue gas without acid.
(11)Urea sprays:Use urea liquid pair of the concentration for 15wt.%(10)Resulting flue gas carries out urea spray Processing, denitrifying oxide processing is carried out to flue gas, obtains the flue gas of not nitrogen-containing oxide.
(12)Absorption:Activated carbon will be used to step(11)Resulting flue gas carries out adsorption treatment, adsorbs pole in flue gas A small amount of solid flue dust, obtain can qualified discharge flue gas.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery resource recycle method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Electric discharge pretreatment:Applying waste lithium ionic electrokinetic cell is subjected to discharge process;
(2)Disassemble:By step(1)The resulting waste and old electrokinetic cell without electricity carries out shell and disassembles isolated gold-plated, iron Shell or aluminum hull, battery core, are respectively used to the recovery of follow-up gold, iron, aluminium, and battery core is used for follow-up recycling;
(3)Burn:By step(2)Resulting battery core carries out burning disposal, obtains more metal charges and flue gas;
(4)Crush:By step(3)Resulting more metal charges are ground into more metal powder materials;
(5)Leach:By step(4)It is molten that resulting more metal powder materials carry out acid;
(6)Extraction:By step(5)Resulting solution carries out extract and separate, respectively obtains cobalt, nickel, copper, lithium metal separating liquid;
(7)Precipitation:By step(6)Resulting metal separating liquid is precipitated, and is separately recovered to obtain cobalt, nickel, copper, lithium metal production Product;
(8)Second-time burning:By step(3)Resulting flue gas carries out second-time burning processing, and the organic matter remained in flue gas is filled Divided combustion, obtain the flue gas without organic matter;
(9)Chilling:By step(8)The resulting flue gas without organic matter carries out quenching, flue gas is cooled and hot Recovery;
(10)Alkali sprays:By step(9)Resulting flue gas carries out alkali spray process, and de- acidic materials processing is carried out to flue gas, Obtain the flue gas without acid;
(11)Urea sprays:By step(10)Resulting flue gas carries out urea spray process, and denitrifying oxide is carried out to flue gas Processing, obtains the flue gas of not nitrogen-containing oxide;
(12)Absorption:By step(11)Resulting flue gas carries out adsorption treatment, adsorbs minimal amount of solid flue dust in flue gas, obtains To can qualified discharge flue gas.
2. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(3)In, battery core is entered using converter Row burning disposal, incineration temperature control are 400-800 DEG C, burn maintenance 30-60 minutes time.
3. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(4)In, using pulverizer by step (3)In obtain more metal charges and crushed, grinding particle size is 40-80 mesh.
4. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(5)In, described sour molten i.e. use Sulfuric acid is dissolved more metal powder materials, and the sulfuric acid concentration is 180-200 g/L, liquid-solid ratio 5-6.
5. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(6)In, described extract and separate is Extract and separate, removal of impurities are carried out to more metal acid solutions using extractant, the extractant can be P204, in P507, Cyanex272 At least one, respectively obtain cobalt, nickel, copper, lithium metal separating liquid.
6. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(7)In, described precipitation uses Chemical precipitation method is respectively to step(6)Obtained metal separating liquid is precipitated, and precipitating reagent can be oxalic acid, NH4F, sodium carbonate At least one of, respectively obtain copper, cobalt, nickel, lithium metal product.
7. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(8)In, described second-time burning temperature Degree control is 1100-1250 DEG C.
8. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(9)In, what described chilling used It is waste heat boiler chilling, flue-gas temperature is brought down below 200 DEG C.
9. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(10)In, described alkali spray master The acidic materials in flue gas are removed using sodium acid carbonate, spray liquid sodium acid carbonate concentration is 10-25wt.%.
10. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step(11)In, described urea spray Processing is removed using urea to the nitrogen oxides in flue gas, and spray liquid urea concentration is 5-20wt.%.
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CN109065996A (en) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-21 中南大学 A kind of waste and old nickle cobalt lithium manganate tertiary cathode material regeneration method
CN110034349A (en) * 2019-04-20 2019-07-19 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method
CN110061320A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-26 金川集团股份有限公司 A method of utilizing active powder material in cracking process recycling waste power lithium battery
CN112030002A (en) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-04 江西理工大学 Method for producing blister copper by directly oxygen-enriched smelting from waste circuit boards
CN112086703A (en) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-15 中南大学 Resource treatment method for carbon residue of retired battery
CN112030002B (en) * 2020-09-10 2022-12-30 江西理工大学 Method for producing blister copper by directly carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting on waste circuit boards
CN112195343A (en) * 2020-09-11 2021-01-08 湖南先导新材料科技有限公司 Lithium battery recycling method and system
CN113745685A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-03 派尔森环保科技有限公司 Waste battery recycling system and process thereof
CN116315232A (en) * 2023-03-29 2023-06-23 盐城工学院 Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries

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