CN110034349A - A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method - Google Patents

A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110034349A
CN110034349A CN201910320770.7A CN201910320770A CN110034349A CN 110034349 A CN110034349 A CN 110034349A CN 201910320770 A CN201910320770 A CN 201910320770A CN 110034349 A CN110034349 A CN 110034349A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lithium cell
waste lithium
pretreatment
recovery method
dismantling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910320770.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张顺应
郭学益
刘训兵
田庆华
刘席卷
张超文
周群成
吴木山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Jin Yuan New Material Ltd By Share Ltd
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Hunan Jin Yuan New Material Ltd By Share Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Hunan Jin Yuan New Material Ltd By Share Ltd filed Critical Hunan Jin Yuan New Material Ltd By Share Ltd
Priority to CN201910320770.7A priority Critical patent/CN110034349A/en
Publication of CN110034349A publication Critical patent/CN110034349A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36Electric or electronic devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Abstract

A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method, are related to waste lithium cell and recycle preconditioning technique.Including waste lithium cell cascade utilization, waste lithium cell electric discharge, waste lithium cell cutting, cracking and sorting, thermal decomposition, not only realize the cascade utilization of waste lithium cell, and it can realize that efficient, safe and environment-friendly, full-automatic dismantling is recycled to waste lithium cell, the reasonable enrichment of steel sheel, copper, aluminium collector and electrode is reached, turn waste into wealth, reduce environmental pollution, is conducive to the comprehensive reutilization of waste lithium cell non-ferrous metal material.

Description

A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste lithium cell recycle preconditioning technique field more particularly to it is a kind of using wet type it is broken and Pyrolysis technique, to obtain the process for the lithium battery regeneration feed that can be used for wet-treating.
Background technique
Waste lithium cell recycle processing recycling valuable metal in, it usually needs by waste lithium cell carry out dismantling and Classification recovery processing.Traditional recovery method is crushed with oppositely rolling roller crusher, and this method exhaust emissions dust is not up to standard, pollution Environment is not handled particularly with negative electrode binder, well so that the subsequent wet recovery process rate of recovery is low.Therefore, having must Research and develop it is a kind of can effectively improve crushing efficiency, production environment cleaning, metal recovery rate it is high waste lithium cell pretreatment Method, to meet the current demand of efficiently dismantling, environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of to mention in background above technology and defect, disclosing a kind of can effectively be mentioned The rate of recovery of high non-ferrous metal material, and reduce environmental pollution, exhaust gas volumn is reduced, the excellent waste lithium cell of production environment Pretreatment and dismantling recovery method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method, it is special it Be in: the following steps are included:
A. waste lithium cell cascade utilization: single battery is connected on intelligent electric energy determining instrument, each electricity is measured by machine The electricity in pond, then identifies;Energy cascade utilization continues to utilize, and cannot just be sent to electric discharge process using complementary energy;
B. waste lithium cell discharges: the waste lithium cell of complementary energy will cannot be utilized to complete electric discharge in salt water, brine media is chlorine Change sodium or sodium sulphate is molten, cell voltage control is at most 1.5 volts after electric discharge;
C. waste lithium cell is cut: the waste lithium cell cutting tool after electric discharge cuts its stainless steel casing open;
D. cracking and sorting: by the waste lithium cell after cutting, it is broken that wet type is carried out with crusher, is sieved to obtain after crusher The oversizes such as positive and negative anodes mixture and iron, copper, aluminium and carbon dust;
E. it thermally decomposes: gained positive and negative anodes mixture thermally decompose to obtain battery recycling material using rotary kiln, then by battery recycling Material is sent into extraction and recovery process.
Further, the intelligent electric energy determining instrument uses Distributed Control System (DCS)
Further, the cutting tool, using plasma cutters tool;
Further, the crusher, using cement double-roll crusher;
Further, the rotary kiln, using stainless steel short rotary kiln;
Further, the stainless steel short rotary kiln is thermally decomposed, and thermal decomposition temperature is 300-600 DEG C in kiln, preferably 400- 500 DEG C, kiln tail configures secondary combustion chamber, which controls at 900-1200 DEG C, and preferably 1000-1100 DEG C, tail gas is adopted With qualified discharge after activated carbon adsorption.
The present invention has the advantage that due to using above technical scheme
(1) stainless steel casing and battery component are able to achieve by using plasma cutting machine cutting waste and old lithium ion battery shell Preferably separation, effectively improves the rate of recovery of non-ferrous metal material.
(2) wet type is carried out using crusher to be crushed, be crushed high production efficiency, reduce dust, production environment is excellent.
(3) burning pyrolysis is carried out using control oxygen technology, and second-time burning and the filtering of tail gas active carbon, success is carried out to flue gas Ground controls dioxin concentration qualified discharge in tail gas;Oxygen concentration is adjustable in flue gas, reduces exhaust gas volumn and dust rate, alleviates The pressure of flue gas dust collection and purification system.
(4) Distributed Control System (DCS) is used, the remaining capacity of waste lithium cell is detected, can be supervised in time It controls, adjusted discharge processes parameter, and Backup Data, automatic and mechanical degree is high, can reduce operator and reduce labor Fatigue resistance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
For a clearer understanding of the present invention, with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1: a kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method, comprising the following steps:
A. waste lithium cell cascade utilization: single battery is connected on intelligent electric energy determining instrument, each electricity is measured by machine The electricity in pond, then identifies;Energy cascade utilization continues to utilize, and cannot just be sent to electric discharge process using complementary energy.
B. waste lithium cell discharges: the waste lithium cell of complementary energy will cannot be utilized to complete electric discharge, brine media in salt water Molten for sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, cell voltage control is at most 1.5 volts after electric discharge.
C. waste lithium cell is cut: the waste lithium cell cutting tool after electric discharge cuts its stainless steel casing It opens.
D. cracking and sorting: by the waste lithium cell after cutting, it is broken that wet type is carried out with crusher, is sieved after crusher Obtain the oversizes such as positive and negative anodes mixture and iron, copper, aluminium and carbon dust.
E. it thermally decomposes: gained positive and negative anodes mixture thermally decompose to obtain battery recycling material using rotary kiln, then by battery Reworked material is sent into extraction and recovery process.
Embodiment 2: a kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method, comprising the following steps:
A. waste lithium cell cascade utilization: single battery is connected on intelligent electric energy determining instrument, each electricity is measured by machine The electricity in pond, then identifies;Energy cascade utilization continues to utilize, and cannot enter electric discharge process using complementary energy.
B. waste lithium cell discharges: the waste lithium cell of complementary energy will cannot be utilized to complete electric discharge, brine media in salt water Molten for sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, cell voltage control is less than 1.5 volts after electric discharge.
C. waste lithium cell is cut:, will be outside its stainless steel by the plasma cutters tool of the waste lithium cell after electric discharge Shell is cut open.
D. cracking and sorting: by the waste lithium cell after cutting, it is broken that wet type is carried out with manufacture of cement with double-roll crusher, is broken It is sieved to obtain the oversizes such as positive and negative anodes mixture and iron, copper, aluminium and carbon dust after broken.
E. it thermally decomposes: gained positive and negative anodes mixture is carried out thermally decomposing to obtain battery recycling material using stainless steel short rotary kiln, Thermal decomposition temperature is 300-600 DEG C in kiln, and kiln tail configures secondary combustion chamber, and dual firing chamber's temperature control is at 900-1200 DEG C, tail Gas uses qualified discharge after activated carbon adsorption.
F. hydrometallurgic recovery metal: by the product battery recycling material after thermal decomposition, into leaching, purification, solid-liquor separation, extraction It the wet method combined recovery process such as takes, crystallize, recycling valuable metal.
Embodiment 3: a kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method, comprising the following steps:
A. waste lithium cell cascade utilization: the electricity of each battery is measured using Distributed Control System (DCS), is then identified; Energy cascade utilization continues to utilize, and cannot enter electric discharge process using complementary energy.
B. waste lithium cell discharges: the waste lithium cell of complementary energy will cannot be utilized to complete electric discharge, brine media in salt water Molten for sodium chloride or sodium sulphate, cell voltage control is less than 1.5 volts after electric discharge.
C. waste lithium cell is cut:, will be outside its stainless steel by the plasma cutters tool of the waste lithium cell after electric discharge Shell is cut open.
D. cracking and sorting: by the waste lithium cell after cutting, it is broken that wet type is carried out with manufacture of cement with double-roll crusher, is broken It is sieved to obtain the oversizes such as positive and negative anodes material and iron, copper, aluminium and carbon dust after broken.
E. it thermally decomposes: gained positive and negative anodes material mixture is carried out thermally decomposing to obtain battery recycling using stainless steel short rotary kiln Expect, thermal decomposition temperature is 400-500 DEG C in kiln, and kiln tail configures secondary combustion chamber, which controls in 1000-1100 DEG C, tail gas uses qualified discharge after activated carbon adsorption.
F. hydrometallurgic recovery metal: by the product battery recycling material after thermal decomposition, into leaching, purification, solid-liquor separation, extraction It the wet method combined recovery process such as takes, crystallize, recycling valuable metal.
Above embodiments, not only realize the cascade utilization of waste lithium cell, and waste lithium cell can be realized efficiently, Safe and environment-friendly, full-automatic dismantling recovery processing, has reached the reasonable enrichment of steel sheel, copper, aluminium collector and electrode, becomes useless For treasured, reduce environmental pollution, is conducive to the comprehensive reutilization of waste lithium cell non-ferrous metal material.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
A. waste lithium cell cascade utilization: single battery is connected on intelligent electric energy determining instrument, each electricity is measured by machine The electricity in pond, then identifies;Energy cascade utilization continues to utilize, and cannot just be sent to electric discharge process using complementary energy;
B. waste lithium cell discharges: the waste lithium cell of complementary energy will cannot be utilized to complete electric discharge in salt water, brine media is chlorine Change sodium or sodium sulphate is molten, cell voltage control is at most 1.5 volts after electric discharge;
C. waste lithium cell is cut: the waste lithium cell cutting tool after electric discharge cuts its stainless steel casing open;
D. cracking and sorting: by the waste lithium cell after cutting, it is broken that wet type is carried out with crusher, is sieved to obtain just after broken The oversizes such as cathode mixture and iron, copper, aluminium and carbon dust;
E. it thermally decomposes: gained positive and negative anodes mixture thermally decompose to obtain battery recycling material using rotary kiln, then by battery recycling Material is sent into extraction and recovery process.
2. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Intelligent electric energy determining instrument uses Distributed Control System (DCS).
3. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Cutting tool, using plasma cutters tool.
4. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Crusher, using manufacture of cement double-roll crusher.
5. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Rotary kiln, using stainless steel short rotary kiln.
6. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Thermal decomposition, is thermally decomposed using stainless steel short rotary kiln, and thermal decomposition temperature is 300-600 DEG C in kiln, and kiln tail configures secondary combustion Room is burnt, at 900-1200 DEG C, tail gas uses qualified discharge after activated carbon adsorption for dual firing chamber's temperature control.
7. pretreatment and the dismantling recovery method of a kind of waste lithium cell according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in kiln Thermal decomposition temperature is 400-500 DEG C, and dual firing chamber's temperature is controlled at 1000-1100 DEG C.
CN201910320770.7A 2019-04-20 2019-04-20 A kind of pretreatment of waste lithium cell and dismantling recovery method Pending CN110034349A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111495925A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-08-07 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 Method for pyrolyzing and defluorinating chlorine of waste lithium battery
CN112246834A (en) * 2020-10-04 2021-01-22 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 Jigging separation method for components after dismantling of waste lithium batteries
CN112958588A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-15 上海净颖环保科技股份有限公司 Waste battery safety recycling and disassembling system and disassembling method thereof
CN115932619A (en) * 2023-03-15 2023-04-07 睿贝佳(深圳)科技有限公司 Be used for precious battery testing arrangement that charges
CN116966988A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-31 烟台大为环保科技有限公司 Crushing system for lithium battery

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CN109524739A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-03-26 广东世合科技有限公司 A kind of waste lithium cell recovery process

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111495925A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-08-07 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 Method for pyrolyzing and defluorinating chlorine of waste lithium battery
CN112246834A (en) * 2020-10-04 2021-01-22 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 Jigging separation method for components after dismantling of waste lithium batteries
CN112958588A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-15 上海净颖环保科技股份有限公司 Waste battery safety recycling and disassembling system and disassembling method thereof
CN112958588B (en) * 2021-01-29 2023-02-03 上海净颖环保科技股份有限公司 Waste battery safety recycling and disassembling system and disassembling method thereof
CN115932619A (en) * 2023-03-15 2023-04-07 睿贝佳(深圳)科技有限公司 Be used for precious battery testing arrangement that charges
CN116966988A (en) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-31 烟台大为环保科技有限公司 Crushing system for lithium battery
CN116966988B (en) * 2023-07-28 2024-04-05 烟台大为环保科技有限公司 Crushing system for lithium battery

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