A kind of method that reduction roasting-water quenching recycles lithium in waste and old lithium ion battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to old and useless battery recovery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of reduction roasting-waste and old lithium of water quenching recycling
The method of lithium in ion battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is because having that voltage is high, specific capacity is big, the service life is long and the remarkable advantages such as memory-less effect, from its business
Just the power source market of walkie electronic apparatus equipment has quickly been captured since change.Since 2010, new-energy automobile industry
Increase and advance swiftly unhindered, lithium-ion-power cell yield increases year by year.And the service life of power lithium-ion battery is in 5-8, often
Year, there are about the power batteries for accounting for total amount 15% to scrap.It is shown according to industry related data, arrives the year two thousand twenty China power lithium-ion battery
Learies are up to about 500,000 tons;By 2023, learies were up to about 1,160,000 tons.Contain lithium, cobalt, nickel in lithium ion battery
Etc. national strategies metal, arbitrarily abandon the not only wasting of resources, but also pollute environment.According to China's future power lithium-ion battery
Learies speculate that by 2023, the market value of recyclable valuable metal be can achieve: 14,600,000,000 yuan of lithium, 8,400,000,000 yuan of nickel, cobalt
7300000000 yuan, 8.5 hundred million yuan of manganese realize that the clean and effective recycling of metal in lithium ion battery is of great significance.Currently, discarded lithium from
The recycling of sub- battery is concentrated mainly on nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, aluminium valuable metal, and the process of recycling is mainly waste lithium ion
Electric discharge, physics dismantling, acid or alkali leach metal ion, solvent extraction and separation metallic element.With the increase to lithium resource demand,
The recycling of lithium in waste battery becomes more and more concerned, also more and more important.Currently, in waste and old lithium ion battery lithium recycling
Method is mainly sulfuric acid leaching technique.Sulfuric acid leaching technique basic process is that waste lithium ion cell anode material is molten in sulfuric acid
Solution then adjusts pH of leaching solution to alkalinity with sodium carbonate, the lithium ion in leachate is made to form lithium carbonate precipitating.Due to sulfuric acid
Lixiviation process is selectively weak, and the metals such as aluminium, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese for coexisting in positive electrode with lithium will be synchronized to leach, in and
Shi Wufa depth removes, and to obtain qualified lithium carbonate product, need to realize the simultaneous removing of above-mentioned several metals, difficulty is very big.
There are some methods for recycling lithium from waste and old lithium ion battery at present, but is had the following disadvantages in these methods.
(1) patent CN 201611186511.2 joined the auxiliary material of chlorine-containing polymer, polyvinyl chloride and poly- third during recycling lithium
Then ethylene etc. carries out ball mill mixing, so that process flow is complicated.(2) patent CN201711355295.4 uses sulfuric acid solution
Electrode material after impregnation-calcination, obtains acid leaching liquor, with the Li of PC-88A extraction and separation leachate, will add in water phase after extraction
Enter carbonate, is separated by filtration to obtain Li2CO3Product, the method process flow is complicated, and the period is long.(3) patent CN
201810265725.1, which are added oxidant first into waste lithium ion cell anode material, carries out oxidation reaction, will by auxiliary agent
Lithium is converted into water-soluble lithium salts, then leaches obtained water-soluble lithium salts in water or acid solution, rich lithium is obtained after filtering
Solution and leach residue, the method needs to be added the auxiliary agents such as sodium sulphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, while need in acid solution into
Row leaches, complex process, increases cost.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of efficient and Selective Separation lithium, work
The method that skill process was simple and convenient to operate, reduced lithium in reduction roasting-water quenching recycling waste and old lithium ion battery of cost.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of method that reduction roasting-water quenching recycles lithium in waste and old lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that the method packet
Include following steps:
(1) anode waste powder is obtained using Mechanical Crushing after waste and old lithium ion battery being discharged;
(2) anode waste powder is uniformly mixed with reducing agent, obtains mixture;
(3) mixture is subjected to reduction roasting;
(4) mixture after reduction roasting is put into rapidly and carries out water quenching in water, lithium, which enters, in mixture obtains richness in water
Lithium solution.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that waste and old lithium ion battery is waste lithium manganese oxide battery, waste and old cobalt acid lithium electricity
One of pond, waste and old nickle cobalt lithium manganate battery, waste and old nickel cobalt lithium aluminate battery are a variety of.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that reducing agent is graphite cathode powder, charcoal, active carbon, contains in step (2)
Carbon negative pole material, H2, one of CO or a variety of.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the additional amount of reducing agent is positive waste powder quality in step (2)
30%~50%.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that it is 800 DEG C that mixture is carried out to the temperature of reduction roasting in step (3)
~1200 DEG C.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that mixture is carried out to the time of reduction roasting for 30min in step (3)
~180min.
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the water quenching time is 5min~30min in step (4).
According to above-mentioned method, which is characterized in that the rate of recovery of lithium is 92%-98% in step (4) mixture.
Advantageous effects of the invention: compared with prior art, reducing agent used in (1) present invention may be derived from old and useless battery
Itself or common marketable material, cost is relatively low;(2) only the relatively low reducing agent of a certain amount of cost need to be added in the present invention, by also
Efficiently separating for lithium and unclassified stores in waste and old lithium ion battery can be realized in former calcining-water quenching;(3) the method for the present invention makes waste and old
The rate of recovery of lithium is 92%-98% in lithium ion battery, and is free of other metal impurities in rich lithium solution;Rich lithium solution can root
According to market demand direct preparation of high-purity lithium salts product, such as battery-level lithium carbonate or LITHIUM BATTERY lithium hydroxide, solid material after water quenching
Hydrometallurgic recovery can be used in the metallic elements such as the cobalt, nickel, the manganese that are rich in, prepares corresponding high-purity salt product.(4) present invention process stream
Journey is simple, easy to operate, solves the problems such as previous complex technical process, investment cost are big, cost recovery is high, is conducive to industry
Change.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method for lithium in a kind of reduction roasting of the invention-water quenching recycling waste and old lithium ion battery, including
Following steps: (1) anode waste powder is obtained using Mechanical Crushing after waste and old lithium ion battery being discharged;Applying waste lithium ionic
Battery is waste lithium manganese oxide battery, in waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery, waste and old nickle cobalt lithium manganate battery, waste and old nickel cobalt lithium aluminate battery
It is one or more.(2) anode waste powder is uniformly mixed with reducing agent, obtains mixture;Reducing agent is graphite cathode powder, wood
Charcoal, contains carbon negative pole material, H at active carbon2, one of CO or a variety of.The additional amount of reducing agent is positive waste powder quality
30%~50%.(3) mixture is subjected to reduction roasting;The temperature that mixture carries out reduction roasting is 800 DEG C~1200 DEG C.It is mixed
It closes object and carries out the time of reduction roasting as 30min~180min.(4) mixture after reduction roasting is put into rapidly in water and is carried out
Water quenching 5min~30min, lithium, which enters in water, in mixture obtains rich lithium solution, and rest materials are separated by filtration into slag, make lithium
It is efficiently separated with unclassified stores.The rate of recovery of lithium is 92%-98% in mixture, and is free of other gold in rich lithium solution
Belong to impurity.
Embodiment 1
It sorts to obtain anode waste powder using Mechanical Crushing after waste lithium manganese oxide battery is discharged;By anode waste
Powder and graphite cathode powder are uniformly mixed to get mixture, and the additional amount of graphite cathode powder is the 30% of positive waste powder quality;It will
Mixture, which is put into Muffle furnace, carries out reduction roasting;Maturing temperature is 800 DEG C, calcining time 30min;After reduction roasting
Mixture puts into carry out water quenching in water rapidly, and the water quenching time is 5min, and lithium, which enters in water, in mixture obtains rich lithium solution, passes through
Filtering efficiently separates lithium with unclassified stores.The rate of recovery of lithium is 93% in waste lithium manganese oxide battery.
Embodiment 2
It sieves to obtain anode waste powder using Mechanical Crushing after waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery is discharged;By anode waste
Powder and charcoal are uniformly mixed to get mixture, and the additional amount of charcoal is the 40% of positive waste powder quality;Mixture is put into horse
Reduction roasting is not carried out in furnace;Maturing temperature is 1000 DEG C, calcining time 60min;Mixture after reduction roasting is rapid
Water quenching is carried out in investment water, the water quenching time is 20min, and lithium, which enters in water, in mixture obtains rich lithium solution, makes lithium by filtering
It is efficiently separated with unclassified stores.The rate of recovery of lithium is 96% in waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery.
Embodiment 3
It sieves to obtain anode waste powder using Mechanical Crushing after waste and old nickle cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery is discharged;It will
Anode waste powder and active carbon are uniformly mixed to get mixture, and the additional amount of active carbon is the 50% of positive waste powder quality;It will
Mixture, which is put into Muffle furnace, carries out reduction roasting;Maturing temperature is 1200 DEG C, calcining time 180min;After reduction roasting
Mixture put into carry out water quenching in water rapidly, the water quenching time is 30min, and lithium, which enters in water, in mixture obtains rich lithium solution,
Lithium is efficiently separated with unclassified stores by filtering.The rate of recovery of lithium is 98% in waste and old nickle cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery.
The embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail for above-mentioned combination attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Embodiment within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be in the premise for not departing from present inventive concept
Lower various changes can be made, belongs to technical scope of the invention.