CN110862110A - Method for preparing ternary positive electrode material precursor by using waste lithium ion battery - Google Patents
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
A method for preparing a ternary anode precursor by taking a waste lithium ion battery as a raw material comprises the working procedures of pretreatment, low-temperature calcination, acid leaching, extraction impurity removal, coprecipitation and lithium precipitation, wherein the pretreatment is implemented by crushing in a large scale by using mechanical equipment, and an anode plate is obtained by separation, so that the method is convenient for industrial production, reduces impurity pollution, omits the working procedures of copper removal and aluminum removal of the traditional method by extraction impurity removal, directly uses an extracting agent to extract a leaching solution in one step, removes a small amount of metal impurities, obtains a purifying solution containing nickel, cobalt and lithium salt, can directly precipitate after the component proportion of the purifying solution is adjusted, obtains various ternary anode precursor materials with different proportions, and greatly reduces the production cost.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of waste lithium ion battery recovery, in particular to a method for preparing a ternary precursor by using waste lithium ion batteries.
Background art:
with the rapid growth of the electric automobile industry, according to the forecast of the research center of automobile technology in China, the annual accumulated scrappage of electric automobile power electric cars in China will reach the scale of 32.3 million tons by 2020. The prediction shows that: the power battery recycling market will develop rapidly in this year: the scale of 50 million yuan can be achieved in 2018, the scale of 136 million yuan can be achieved in 2020, and the scale of 311 million yuan can be achieved in 2023.
The annual output of cobalt in the world is 15 ten thousand tons, the cobalt resource in China is imported at 95%, and the cobalt used in the battery industry in China accounts for 69%. The annual output of the global nickel is about 200 ten thousand tons, and the nickel used in the battery industry is about 4 ten thousand tons and accounts for about 2 percent. According to the method, 540 million tons of lithium resources account for 13.8% of the world in China, but the lithium resources are mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, 70% of lithium ores are imported in China at present, China becomes the second major lithium product producing country and the first major consumer country, 7.87 million tons of lithium carbonate account for 37.3% of the world in 2016, and 50.9% of lithium in China is consumed by batteries.
The preparation method of the ternary anode material precursor mainly uses cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate (or aluminum sulfate) as raw materials at present, and has high production cost; methods for preparing ternary precursors by recycling positive plates of waste lithium batteries exist. The existing recovery method adopts manual stripping to obtain a positive plate, then processes of alkali dissolution, acid dissolution, copper removal, iron and aluminum removal, P204 impurity removal, P507 nickel and cobalt separation and the like are carried out to obtain nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate, and then coprecipitation is carried out by adjusting the proportion of nickel and cobalt to obtain the ternary precursor positive electrode material.
The prior art has the defects that the manual stripping is difficult to realize the industrial production, the subsequent process needs multi-step impurity removal, twice extraction and the like, so that the process flow is complex and the production cost is high.
The invention content is as follows:
in view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for preparing a ternary precursor from a waste lithium ion battery.
A method for preparing a ternary precursor from a waste lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreatment: pretreating the waste lithium ion battery with the discharge rate of more than 80% by using disassembling equipment to respectively obtain a positive plate, an aluminum foil, negative electrode powder and a diaphragm;
step two, low-temperature calcination: calcining the positive plate obtained in the step one at a low temperature, and crushing to obtain positive recovered powder and aluminum foil;
step three, acid leaching: adding the anode recovery powder obtained in the step two into acid, adding a reducing agent into the acid, and filtering to obtain a leaching solution of the anode powder;
step four, extraction and impurity removal: removing metal impurities in the leaching solution by an extraction method to obtain a purified solution;
step five, coprecipitation: adding a salt solution into the purified solution obtained in the step four, adjusting the ratio, and adding ammonia water and alkali liquor by a coprecipitation method to obtain a ternary positive electrode precursor precipitate with a molar ratio;
step six, depositing lithium: and filtering, washing and drying the ternary precursor precipitate obtained in the step S5 to obtain a ternary positive electrode precursor material, wherein the filtrate is a lithium-containing solution, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate lithium to obtain lithium carbonate.
Preferably, the waste lithium ion battery is one or more of nickel cobalt lithium manganate or nickel cobalt lithium aluminate.
Preferably, the low-temperature calcination temperature is 390-450 ℃; the calcination time is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the acid is one or a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration of the mixture in the leaching solution is 1-5 mol/L; the reducing agent is one or a mixture of two of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; the solid-liquid ratio of the leaching solution is 1: 10 to 15 percent, the leaching temperature is 40 to 80 ℃, the leaching time is 0.5 to 2 hours, the stirring speed is 500 and 1000r/min, and the adding amount of hydrogen peroxide is 3 to 10 percent.
Preferably, the used extracting agent is P-204, and impurities except lithium, nickel and cobalt in the leachate can all enter an organic phase by adjusting the extraction conditions to obtain a purified liquid containing lithium, nickel and cobalt; the saponification rate of P-204 is 60-75%, the pH value of the aqueous phase solution is controlled to be 2-3, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1:1, the volume fraction of P-204 is 15-25%, and the extraction stage number is 3-5 stages of countercurrent extraction.
Preferably, the salt solution is a cobalt salt solution, a nickel salt solution, a manganese salt solution or an aluminum salt solution, so that the nickel, the cobalt, the manganese or the aluminum in the purification solution reaches the molar ratio of the ternary cathode material precursor required by the NCM or NCA cathode material.
Preferably, the salt solution can be a manganese salt solution or an aluminum salt solution, so that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum in the purifying solution reaches the required ternary cathode material precursor.
Preferably, the alkali liquor added during the coprecipitation is one or a mixture of more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 1-2mol/L, the concentration of ammonia water is 10-15%, the reaction pH is 10.5-12.5, the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the stirring speed is 800-.
Preferably, the salt solution of cobalt is one or more of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chlorate and cobalt chloride; the nickel salt solution is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride and nickel chlorate salt solution; the manganese salt solution is one or more of manganese chloride, manganese nitrate and manganese sulfate; the aluminum salt solution is one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate and aluminum sulfate.
The method has the advantages that the preparation of the ternary anode material precursor is realized by recycling the waste lithium ion battery, the pretreatment is carried out on a large scale by using mechanical equipment, the anode plate is obtained by separation, the industrial production is facilitated, the impurity pollution is reduced, the copper and aluminum removing procedures of the traditional method are omitted by extraction and impurity removal, the leachate is directly extracted by an extracting agent in one step, a small amount of metal impurities are removed, the purifying solution containing nickel, cobalt and lithium salt is obtained, the purifying solution can be directly precipitated after the component proportion of the purifying solution is adjusted, various ternary anode precursor materials with different proportions can be obtained, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a ternary precursor obtained by the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, except for the definitions, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
fully discharging the waste lithium ion battery of nickel cobalt lithium manganate, entering a pretreatment process to cut a shell, taking out an inner core, putting the inner core into a crushing and screening device, respectively obtaining a positive plate, a copper foil, a diaphragm and negative powder, placing the obtained positive plate into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at 400 ℃, sending the calcined positive plate into a screening device, separating the positive powder from an aluminum foil, and obtaining the positive powder according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: adding 2mol/L sulfuric acid solution into 10, slowly dropping 8% hydrogen peroxide, leaching at 60 ℃, leaching for 1h, filtering the filtrate, adding sodium hydroxide solution into the obtained filtrate to adjust the pH to 2.5, and comparing the pH with an extracting agent of P204 with the saponification rate of 70% and the concentration of 25% according to the ratio of 1:1, carrying out countercurrent three-stage extraction, wherein the obtained raffinate is a sulfate solution containing nickel, cobalt and lithium; and (3) carrying out element analysis on the solution by using ICP (inductively coupled plasma), adding a proper amount of cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate solution, and adjusting the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the solution to be 5: 2: and 3, simultaneously adding 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 10% by volume of ammonia water solution, maintaining the pH value of the solution at 11, stirring at the speed of 1000r/min, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃, aging for 10 hours after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing with deionized water for multiple times, and drying to obtain the Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 precursor.
Example 2:
fully discharging the waste nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate battery, performing shell cutting in a pretreatment process, taking out an inner core, putting the inner core into a crushing and screening device, respectively obtaining a positive plate, a copper foil, a diaphragm and negative powder, placing the obtained positive plate into a muffle furnace, calcining for 0.5h at 420 ℃, sending the calcined positive plate into a screening device, separating positive powder and an aluminum foil, and obtaining the positive powder according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: adding a 2mol/L sulfuric acid solution into 15, slowly dropping 5% hydrogen peroxide, leaching at 60 ℃ for 2h, filtering the filtrate, adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the obtained filtrate to adjust the pH to 3, and comparing the pH with an extracting agent P204 with the saponification rate of 70% and the concentration of 25% according to the ratio of 1:1, carrying out countercurrent five-stage extraction to obtain raffinate which is a sulfate solution containing nickel, cobalt and lithium; and (3) carrying out element analysis on the solution by using ICP (inductively coupled plasma), adding a proper amount of cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate and aluminum sulfate solution, and adjusting the element ratio of nickel, cobalt and aluminum in the solution to be 8: 1.5: 0.5, simultaneously adding 2mol/L sodium carbonate solution and 10% ammonia water solution by volume fraction in a concurrent flow manner, maintaining the pH value of the solution at 11, stirring at the speed of 1000r/min, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃, aging for 10h after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing with deionized water for multiple times, and drying to obtain the Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05CO3 precursor.
The method has the advantages that the preparation of the ternary anode material precursor is realized by recycling the waste lithium ion battery, the pretreatment is carried out on a large scale by using mechanical equipment, the anode plate is obtained by separation, the industrial production is facilitated, the impurity pollution is reduced, the copper and aluminum removing procedures of the traditional method are omitted by extraction and impurity removal, the leachate is directly extracted by an extracting agent in one step, a small amount of metal impurities are removed, the purifying solution containing nickel, cobalt and lithium salt is obtained, the purifying solution can be directly precipitated after the component proportion of the purifying solution is adjusted, various ternary anode precursor materials with different proportions can be obtained, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a ternary positive electrode precursor by using waste lithium ion batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: pretreating the waste lithium ion battery with the discharge rate of more than 80% by using disassembling equipment to respectively obtain a positive plate, an aluminum foil, negative electrode powder and a diaphragm;
s2, low-temperature calcination: calcining the positive plate obtained in the SI at a low temperature, and crushing to obtain positive recovered powder and aluminum foil;
s3, acid leaching: adding the anode recovered powder obtained in the step S2 into acid, adding a reducing agent into the acid, and filtering to obtain a leaching solution of the anode powder;
s4, extraction and impurity removal: removing metal impurities in the leaching solution by an extraction method to obtain a purified solution;
s5, co-precipitation: adding a salt solution into the purified liquid obtained in the step S4, adjusting the ratio, and adding ammonia water and alkali liquor by a coprecipitation method to obtain a ternary positive electrode precursor precipitate with a molar ratio;
s6, precipitating lithium: and filtering, washing and drying the ternary precursor precipitate obtained in the step S5 to obtain a ternary positive electrode precursor material, wherein the filtrate is a lithium-containing solution, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate lithium to obtain lithium carbonate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the waste lithium ion battery is one or more of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate.
3. The method for preparing the ternary positive electrode precursor from the waste lithium batteries as claimed in claim 2, wherein the low-temperature calcination temperature is 390-450 ℃; the calcination time is 0.5-2 h.
4. The method for preparing the ternary positive electrode precursor by using the waste lithium batteries as claimed in claim 3, wherein the acid is one or a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration of the mixture in the leachate is 1-5 mol/L; the reducing agent is one or a mixture of two of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; the solid-liquid ratio of the leaching solution is 1: 10 to 15 percent, the leaching temperature is 40 to 80 ℃, the leaching time is 0.5 to 2 hours, the stirring speed is 500 and 1000r/min, and the adding amount of hydrogen peroxide is 3 to 10 percent.
5. The method for preparing the ternary positive electrode precursor by using the waste lithium batteries as claimed in claim 4, wherein the extraction agent is P-204, and impurities except lithium, nickel and cobalt in the leachate can be completely introduced into the organic phase by adjusting the extraction conditions to obtain a purified solution containing lithium, nickel and cobalt; the saponification rate of the P-204 is 60-75%, the pH value of the aqueous phase solution is controlled to be 2-3, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1:1, the volume fraction of the P-204 is 15-25%, and the extraction stages are 3-5 stages of countercurrent extraction.
6. The method for preparing the ternary cathode precursor from the waste lithium batteries as claimed in claim 5, wherein the salt solution is a cobalt salt solution, a nickel salt solution, a manganese salt solution or an aluminum salt solution, so that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum in the purified solution reaches the molar ratio of the ternary cathode material precursor required by the NCM or NCA cathode material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alkaline solution added during the co-precipitation is one or more of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 1-2mol/L, the concentration of the ammonia water is 10-15%, the reaction pH is 10.5-12.5, the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the stirring speed is 800-.
8. The salt solution of cobalt according to claim 1 is one or more of a salt solution of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chlorate and cobalt chloride; the nickel salt solution is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride and nickel chlorate salt solution; the manganese salt solution is one or more of manganese chloride, manganese nitrate and manganese sulfate; the aluminum salt solution is one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate and aluminum sulfate.
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CN111268747A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-12 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Recycling method and system of waste ternary battery positive electrode material based on hydrochloric acid regeneration cycle |
CN111600089A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-28 | 宁波大学 | Recycling process of waste ternary lithium battery positive electrode material |
CN111825110A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-10-27 | 宁夏百川新材料有限公司 | Recycling method of waste lithium ion battery anode material |
CN112374553A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 东北大学 | Method for recycling and regenerating retired lithium ion battery anode material |
CN112467241A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 | Short-process recycling method for ternary cathode material, recycled material and application |
CN113025826A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 华东理工大学 | Method for leaching lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from lithium ion battery anode by using tribasic acid |
CN115520914A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-27 | 赣州有色冶金研究所有限公司 | Purification method of nickel-cobalt-manganese leaching solution and synthesis method of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor |
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