CN108258356A - A kind of processing method of old and useless battery - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of old and useless battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108258356A CN108258356A CN201810152845.0A CN201810152845A CN108258356A CN 108258356 A CN108258356 A CN 108258356A CN 201810152845 A CN201810152845 A CN 201810152845A CN 108258356 A CN108258356 A CN 108258356A
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- Prior art keywords
- old
- useless battery
- processing method
- battery
- pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to waste reclamation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of processing method of old and useless battery；The present invention directly carries out tearing up by old and useless battery and then pyrolysis processing, and pyrolysis gained gas is dusted successively to be sprayed with buck, and lime precipitation is carried out after filtrate press filtration；Pyrolysis obtained solid is cooled down successively, coarse crushing, fine crushing, gravity selection by winnowing and magnetic separation, isolate various metals.Herein, the present invention can only be with tearing up, the breaking methods such as other cuttings cannot be used, it does not need to additionally carry out discharge treatment, remove electrolyte and detach positive plate, negative plate and diaphragm compared with the prior art, time cost and process costs is not only greatly saved, but also greatly reduces the pollution to environment, especially one generation line can be suitble to various types of old and useless battery treatment, and the metal purity finally recycled is high, reaches 98.8%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to waste reclamation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of processing method of old and useless battery.
Background technology
Power battery is the power supply in powered tools source, refers to as electric vehicle, electric train, electrical salf-walking more
Vehicle, golf cart provide the accumulator of power.Its main distinction is in the starting battery for car engine start.It has
The characteristics such as the recycling under high-energy and high power, high-energy density, high magnification partial state of charge.Include sour electric power storage
Pond, nickel-cadmium storage battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, iron-nickel storage battery, sodium chlorination ickel accumulator, silver-zinc storage battery, sodium sulfur storage battery, lithium
Accumulator etc..With the extensive use of power battery, usage amount increases year by year.The amount of power battery also increasingly increases, therewith
And the environmental pollution and energy waste come also becomes focus of attention problem.Power battery re-using or recycling is all the new of China
The less link of energy automobile industrial chain consideration, and the flood tide dynamic lithium battery that the new-energy automobile industrialization to go near gradually is brought
Processing has become urgent solve the problems, such as.It is primarily present the difficult point of several aspects：
1. the complicated classification of power battery generally can be divided into chemical cell, physical battery and biobattery three categories, wherein chemistry
Battery and physical battery have been applied in volume production electric vehicle, and biobattery is then considered as the important of following battery of electric vehicle
One of developing direction；And chemical cell class battery is divided into Ni-Cr battery, Ni-MH battery and lithium battery according to material difference, classification
Different also utilized to the withdrawal of old and useless battery brings difficulty；
2. the structure of power battery is more special, battery cover is contained, anode-active material is cobalt-lithium oxide, diaphragm-one kind
Special composite membrane, cathode-active material are carbon, organic electrolyte and battery case.During old and useless battery treatment, how effectively to pacify
It is a key entirely to detach the protection shell of power battery with cell matrix, if separation method is improper, can cause battery
Short circuit causes fire even to explode, and generates toxic gas.
At present, common old and useless battery treatment generally will advanced row mutual disassembly, artificial treatment not only inefficiency, and
It is and dangerous big.Although also thering is researcher to be automated, reduce artificial treatment process, be mostly purposefully
It is recycled for a certain single class battery, and the power battery of all categories cannot be handled simultaneously with a production line, and
And separation purity is not high.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method of old and useless battery of work, this method
Not only sequence is simple, the rate of recovery is high but also environmentally friendly, is suitble to various types of old and useless battery treatments.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of processing method of old and useless battery, specially：First the old and useless battery tear up then pyrolysis processing, be pyrolyzed institute
Gas be dusted successively with buck spray, carry out lime precipitation after filtrate press filtration；Pyrolysis obtained solid cooled down successively,
Coarse crushing, fine crushing, gravity selection by winnowing and magnetic separation, isolate various metals.It herein can only be with tearing up, it is impossible to broken with other cuttings etc.
Broken method.
Preferably, described tear up tears up equipment for old and useless battery is put into, torn up by occlusion gear mesh old and useless battery.
The present invention makes full use of the occlusion of appropriate dynamics to tear up, it is only necessary to and it destroys leakproofness just, does not need to that crushing material is very thin, it should
Process can be directed to different batteries and set different dynamics, thus during tearing up will not because of excessive forces, much frictions and draw
Play Mars or explosion.It, can be because cutting rubbing cause security risk unlike other technologies need to cut.
Preferably, the pyrolysis processing is：Old and useless battery after tearing up is transferred in rotary kiln and is pyrolyzed, the rotation
Rotary kiln stove in-furnace temperature is 400-500 DEG C, while is passed through combustion adjuvant.Combustion-supporting gas can be various fuel gas, preferably coal
Gas.The old and useless battery torn up is directly thrown into rotary kiln and is pyrolyzed, on the one hand because using rotary kiln, temperature is only
The non-metallic materials direct gasification such as technological requirement, septation, glue, outer packing can be entirely reached by needing 400-500 DEG C, pyrolysis
Residue is only left various metals.It needs respectively to calcine after positive plate, negative plate cleaning, drying compared with the prior art（Generally
Temperature is 600-800 DEG C）Process is not only simplified, while has saved the energy.Still further aspect does not fear explosion and poison gas to people
Or environment impacts.Pyrolytic process is closed, and the heavy wall of kiln can bear thousands of kilograms of impact force, thus is pyrolyzed
The small explosion having in the process is also digested in kiln, will not cause people or influence.
Preferably, the buck spray is to carry out three layers of water tower type with the sodium hydroxide solution of a concentration of 50-70g/L to recycle
Spray process isolates cobalt powder after filtrate press filtration；It is discharged after gas lime precipitation after buck spray.
Preferably, during the gravity selection by winnowing, gravity winnowing machine at least three layers of reciprocating sieve for using, it is fine crushing after mixed material
Middle lightweight dust is discharged first by selection by winnowing, and then the metal of lightweight is discharged successively when shaking and screening, and is finally filtered out heavier
Metal.
The magnetic separation process, filters out magnetic metal and nonmagnetic metal, after the magnetic separation process, can also set vibrations
Screening.
The present invention directly carries out tearing up by old and useless battery and then pyrolysis processing, and pyrolysis gained gas is dusted successively and alkali
Water spray carries out lime precipitation after filtrate press filtration；Pyrolysis obtained solid cooled down successively, coarse crushing, fine crushing, gravity selection by winnowing
And magnetic separation, isolate various metals.Herein, the present invention can only be with tearing up, it is impossible to relatively existing with breaking methods such as other cuttings
Technology does not need to additionally carry out discharge treatment, remove electrolyte and detach positive plate, negative plate and diaphragm, is not only greatly saved
Time cost and process costs, and greatly reduce the pollution to environment, especially one generation line can be suitble to it is various not
The old and useless battery treatment of same type, and the metal purity finally recycled is high, reaches 98.8%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail With reference to embodiment, is managed to help those skilled in the art
The solution present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of processing method of old and useless battery：Old and useless battery will be first put into and tear up equipment, by tooth engaged
Wheel tears up old and useless battery by the way that opposed gear is of different sizes, speed is different；Old and useless battery is transferred to rotation after tearing up
In kiln, in-furnace temperature is raised to 400-500 DEG C, while be passed through coal gas, carries out pyrolysis 1-5 hours（The battery of unlike material can
To select appropriate temperature according to actual conditions）；In this process, other gasification substances discharge in addition to metal.Pyrolysis is brought about the desired sensation
Body is dusted successively carries out three layers of water tower type circulated sprinkling processing with the sodium hydroxide solution of 50-70g/L, divides after filtrate press filtration
Cobalt powder filter residue is separated out, filtrate carries out lime precipitation after filtrate press filtration；It is recycled respectively.Pyrolysis obtained solid is first cooled down,
Material becomes crisp in subsequent broken after cooling, then carries out coarse crushing, fine crushing, then carries out gravity selection by winnowing.First selection by winnowing,
Remaining dust, plastics and part graphite are detached with metal first during selection by winnowing；Then vibrations screening is carried out, according to metal
Property, through pyrolysis postcooling crush to obtain the metal of different-grain diameter, sub-elect graphite and part cobalt, be left iron, copper, nickel and
Part cobalt metal.Then magnetic separation is carried out, isolates magnetic metal（Iron, nickel, cobalt etc.）And nonmagnetic metal（Copper, part aluminium）；Magnetic
Property metal can further grinding and sieving, sub-elect purity be 98.8% iron and nickel（Scape examines side cobalt and content of graphite 1% 1
Under）.Nonmagnetic metal can further grinding and sieving, sub-elect purity be 97.8% copper, aluminium and cobalt, wherein not iron content nickel
Cobalt value it is high.
Above-described embodiment, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore all with this
The equivalent change or modification that feature and principle described in invention claim are done, should all be included in scope of the invention as claimed
Within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of processing method of old and useless battery, which is characterized in that be specially：First the old and useless battery tear up then heat
Solution processing；
Pyrolysis gained gas is dusted successively to be sprayed with buck, and lime precipitation is carried out after filtrate press filtration；
Pyrolysis obtained solid is cooled down successively, coarse crushing, fine crushing, gravity selection by winnowing and magnetic separation, isolate various metals.
2. the processing method of old and useless battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described tear up is torn for old and useless battery is put into
Broken equipment is torn up by occlusion gear mesh old and useless battery.
3. the processing method of old and useless battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis processing is：After tearing up
Old and useless battery is transferred in rotary kiln and is pyrolyzed, and the rotary kiln kiln in-furnace temperature is 400-500 DEG C, while is passed through combustion-supporting
Gas.
4. the processing method of old and useless battery as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the combustion-supporting gas is coal gas.
5. the processing method of old and useless battery as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the buck spray is with a concentration of 50-
The sodium hydroxide solution of 70g/L carries out three layers of water tower type circulated sprinkling processing, and filter residue is cobalt powder after filtrate press filtration.
6. the processing method of old and useless battery as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that filtrate is sunk with lime after the filtrate press filtration
It is discharged behind shallow lake.
7. the processing method of old and useless battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that during the gravity selection by winnowing, the gravity that uses
Winnowing machine at least three layers of reciprocating sieve, it is fine crushing after mixed material in lightweight dust discharge first, then the metal of lightweight is arranged successively
Go out, finally filter out heavier metal.
8. the processing method of old and useless battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic separation process filters out magnetic gold
Category and nonmagnetic metal.
9. the processing method of old and useless battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that after the magnetic separation process, can also set
Vibrations screening.
10. the application of the processing method of old and useless battery described in any one in claim 1-9, which is characterized in that by this method
For handling waste and old power battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810152845.0A CN108258356A (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2018-02-20 | A kind of processing method of old and useless battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810152845.0A CN108258356A (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2018-02-20 | A kind of processing method of old and useless battery |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108258356A true CN108258356A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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ID=62744332
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810152845.0A Pending CN108258356A (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2018-02-20 | A kind of processing method of old and useless battery |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108736091A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-02 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | A kind of dismantling recovery process of lithium battery |
| CN109473747A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-15 | 天能电池集团有限公司 | A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery dismantling recovery method |
| CN110534834A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-03 | 新中天环保股份有限公司 | The recovery method of electrolyte in a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery |
| CN112366379A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-02-12 | 万向一二三股份公司 | Safe and environment-friendly processing system and method for pole piece after battery disassembly |
| CN113145614A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | System and method for treating and recycling waste dry battery pole pieces |
| CN114094224A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-02-25 | 河北顺境环保科技有限公司 | High-efficiency treatment method for high-voltage waste lithium battery |
| CN116315232A (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-06-23 | 盐城工学院 | Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries |
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| CN1349860A (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-05-22 | 金卫强 | Waste battery pyrolyzing, gasifying and incinerating treamtent equipment and method |
| WO2012169073A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | 日本磁力選鉱株式会社 | Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium-ion secondary batteries |
| CN103056146A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-24 | 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 | Fully-automatic crushing sorting system for waste and old batteries and process wastes thereof |
| CN203091393U (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-07-31 | 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 | Full-automatic magnetic breaking and separating device of waste batteries and process waste materials |
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| CN1349860A (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-05-22 | 金卫强 | Waste battery pyrolyzing, gasifying and incinerating treamtent equipment and method |
| WO2012169073A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | 日本磁力選鉱株式会社 | Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium-ion secondary batteries |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108736091A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-02 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | A kind of dismantling recovery process of lithium battery |
| CN109473747A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-15 | 天能电池集团有限公司 | A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery dismantling recovery method |
| CN110534834A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-03 | 新中天环保股份有限公司 | The recovery method of electrolyte in a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery |
| CN112366379A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-02-12 | 万向一二三股份公司 | Safe and environment-friendly processing system and method for pole piece after battery disassembly |
| CN113145614A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | System and method for treating and recycling waste dry battery pole pieces |
| CN114094224A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-02-25 | 河北顺境环保科技有限公司 | High-efficiency treatment method for high-voltage waste lithium battery |
| CN116315232A (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-06-23 | 盐城工学院 | Environment-friendly recycling method for waste power batteries |
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Application publication date: 20180706 |