CN115149138A - Waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device and method - Google Patents
Waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115149138A CN115149138A CN202210939051.5A CN202210939051A CN115149138A CN 115149138 A CN115149138 A CN 115149138A CN 202210939051 A CN202210939051 A CN 202210939051A CN 115149138 A CN115149138 A CN 115149138A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004911 serous fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 suspended matters Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device and a waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling method, wherein the waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device comprises a disassembling and sorting decomposition system, an environment-friendly production system and a waste liquid treatment system; the separating and decomposing system comprises a shredder, a crusher, an airflow separator and a linear sieve, wherein the airflow separator conveys the battery diaphragm on the net of the linear sieve to a diaphragm collecting box, and the diaphragm collecting box is connected with a third material collector; conveying the product under the screen of the linear screen to a crusher for crushing and conveying the crushed product to a grinder system connected with an analyzer, wherein the analyzer is communicated with a rotary vibration screen, and the rotary vibration screen is connected with a first material collector and a second material collector; the environment-friendly production system comprises a pulse dust collector, an active carbon adsorption box, a UV photolysis device, a spray tower and a first induced draft fan; the waste liquid treatment system comprises a liquid storage tank, an intermediate tank, an inclined plate sedimentation tank, a disc type filter, an electrochemical treatment system and a liquid distribution tank. The invention realizes the charged disassembly and separation of the waste lithium batteries and can carry out the cyclic regeneration treatment on the waste liquid of the spraying alkaline washing tower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to lithium battery recovery equipment and a lithium battery recovery process, in particular to a device and a method for disassembling and recovering waste lithium batteries.
Background
In recent years, with the steady progress of the national 'carbon peak and carbon neutralization' plan, lithium batteries have also been developed vigorously. The recovery of waste lithium batteries is a serious part in the overall development of the lithium battery industry, and if the lithium batteries are not effectively recovered and utilized, the waste lithium batteries can cause great resource waste and environmental pollution. The lithium battery contains a large amount of valuable metal components such as aluminum, copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like, and has extremely high resource utilization. In addition, organic matter components and heavy metal components in the waste lithium batteries can cause harm to the natural environment if not effectively recovered. Therefore, the recycling of waste lithium batteries is urgent.
The pretreatment technology which must be carried out in the process of recovering the lithium battery is namely separation and decomposition, and the battery is rich in complementary energy and is extremely easy to ignite and explode in the crushing process. In present disassembling and sorting process, waste lithium batteries need to be discharged, the difficulty in lithium battery recovery is improved, and the recovery efficiency is reduced, so that the charged disassembling of the lithium batteries becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
In the separation and decomposition process, acid washing equipment can generate a large amount of acid mist organic waste gas in the working process, wherein the main components of the acid mist organic waste gas are hydrochloric acid, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like, the organic waste gas can be purified by the spraying alkaline washing tower, and HF and other gases generated by LiPF6 in electrolyte through catalytic decomposition are absorbed by the spraying alkaline washing tower. However, the wastewater generated by the spray caustic tower has the characteristics of complex quality, pungent taste, high chroma, high concentration and the like, and simultaneously contains various substances such as suspended matters, oil substances, fluoride, chloride and the like. The alkali liquor circulating system is required to periodically discharge salt-containing wastewater according to the content of soluble salts in the alkali liquor, and the wastewater amount is about 2.5m 3 The waste water circulation problem of/d is not only concerned withThe high efficiency, the economy and the environmental protection of whole spray column influence efficiency and the cost of whole old and useless lithium cell recovery moreover. Therefore, the cyclic alkali liquor regeneration treatment of the waste liquid of the spraying alkaline tower is also an urgent technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device and method, which realize the charged disassembling and sorting of the waste lithium batteries, can perform the cyclic regeneration treatment on the waste liquid of the spraying alkaline washing tower, and improve the efficiency and the safety of the waste lithium battery recycling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device comprises a disassembling and sorting decomposition system, an environment-friendly production system and a waste liquid treatment system; the disassembling, selecting and decomposing system comprises a shredder filled with protective gas, the shredder is connected with the shredder through a conveying belt, the shredder is connected with the airflow sorting machine through a U-shaped reamer sleeved with a material pipeline, a linear sieve connected with the airflow sorting machine through a material pipeline is arranged below the airflow sorting machine, the linear sieve is connected with a diaphragm collecting box through the material pipeline, a negative pressure system is arranged at the bottom of the airflow sorting machine so as to convey a battery diaphragm on the upper layer of a sieve net of the linear sieve into the diaphragm collecting box, and the diaphragm collecting box is connected with a third material collector through the material pipeline;
the linear sieve is connected with the crusher through a conveying belt so as to convey a product on the lower layer of the screen to the crusher, the crusher is connected with the grinder system through the conveying belt, an analyzer with an induced air system is connected above the grinder system, a rotary vibration sieve is communicated below the analyzer, and the lower part of the rotary vibration sieve is connected with a first material collector and a second material collector through a material pipeline;
the environment-friendly production system comprises a pulse dust collector which is respectively connected with a first material collector, a second material collector and a third material collector, and the pulse dust collector is sequentially connected with an active carbon adsorption tank, a UV photolysis device, a spray tower and a first induced draft fan through material pipelines;
the waste liquid treatment system comprises a liquid storage tank connected with the spray tower, the liquid storage tank is sequentially connected with an intermediate tank and an inclined plate sedimentation tank through material pipelines, PAM is put in the intermediate tank, the inclined plate sedimentation tank is respectively connected with the disc type filter and the electrochemical treatment system through the material pipelines, the electrochemical treatment system is connected with the liquid distribution tank through the material pipelines, and the disc type filter is connected with the intermediate tank through the pipeline.
The device further comprises a first rotary kiln and a second rotary kiln, wherein a feed inlet of the first rotary kiln is connected with a shredder through a conveying belt, a discharge outlet of the first rotary kiln is connected with a crusher through a material pipeline, and an air outlet of the shredder is communicated with the first rotary kiln through an air distribution pipe so as to convey protective gas into the first rotary kiln;
the feed inlet of the second rotary kiln is connected with a second material collector through a conveyer belt, the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln is connected with the conveyer belt for conveying materials, and the second rotary kiln is connected with a gas supply device for conveying protective gas for the second rotary kiln.
Furthermore, U-shaped reamers are arranged inside the first rotary kiln and the second rotary kiln.
Further, the grinding machine system comprises a first grinding system and a second grinding system, a first analyzer with an induced air system is connected above the first grinding system, a first rotary vibrating screen is communicated below the first analyzer, and the lower screen part of the first rotary vibrating screen is connected with a first material collector through a material pipeline;
the second grinder system is connected with the upper portion of the first rotary vibration sieve through a material pipeline, a second analyzer with an induced air system is connected to the upper portion of the second grinder system, the second rotary vibration sieve is communicated with the lower portion of the second analyzer, a discharge port is formed in the upper portion of the second rotary vibration sieve, the lower portion of the second rotary vibration sieve is connected with a second material collector through a material pipeline, and the first material collector and the second material collector are connected through a material pipeline.
Furthermore, the first material collector, the second material collector and the third material collector are respectively provided with a discharging port angle cage capable of controlling the switch to be closed.
Further, the sieve pores of the two rotary vibration sieves are smaller than the sieve pores of the first rotary vibration sieve.
Further, the protective gas is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, neon, krypton and xenon.
Furthermore, a power supply chamber, an electrode, an ultrasonic cleaning device and a liquid monitoring device are arranged in the electrochemical treatment system.
A method for disassembling and recycling waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that 1, a shredder filled with protective gas is used for carrying out primary crushing on waste lithium batteries, a conveyer belt conveys battery fragments to the crusher for secondary crushing, the battery fragments are conveyed to an air flow separator through a U-shaped reamer sleeved with a material pipeline for gas-solid separation, the solid fragments fall into a linear sieve for sieving, so that a battery diaphragm stays on a screen, other products fall below the screen, a negative pressure system of the air flow separator conveys the battery diaphragm into a diaphragm collecting box, materials adhered to the battery diaphragm and materials mixed in air flow are conveyed into a third material collector, the conveyer belt conveys other products to the crusher for third crushing, the crushed products are conveyed to a grinder system through the conveyer belt to be ground into powder, a fan of a rotary vibration sieve blows the powder into an analyzer for separation, the materials with the standard fineness fall into the rotary vibration sieve through the analyzer, the materials with the standard fineness fall into the grinder system again for regrinding, the process is repeated until the standard of the materials is reached, the rotary vibration sieve screens the materials, black powder under the screen enters a first material collector and a second material collector with the same diameter and the material on the rotary vibration sieve is collected from an outlet at the upper part of the rotary sieve;
step 2, the induced draft fan enables gas generated in the environment-friendly production system to flow so as to drive environmental pollutants in the first material collector, the second material collector and the third material collector to sequentially enter the pulse dust collector, the activated carbon adsorption tank, the UV photolysis device and the spray tower; wherein: the pulse dust collector is used for collecting part of black powder, the activated carbon adsorption tank is used for recovering VOCs generated in the battery disassembling process, and the UV photolysis device is used for catalyzing LiPF6 to decompose to generate HF to be absorbed by the spray tower;
step 3, firstly, spraying alkali liquor used by a spraying tower enters a liquid storage tank through a material pipeline, the spraying alkali liquor is introduced into an intermediate tank through a water pump, PAM is put into the intermediate tank to enable the spraying alkali liquor to flocculate so as to adsorb suspended particles in water to form floccules, then liquid in the intermediate tank is introduced into an inclined plate sedimentation tank through the water pump to be sedimentated, slurry formed by the floccules is discharged into a disc type filter from the material pipeline to be filtered, a filter cake is formed on a disc page, and filtrate flows back to the intermediate tank through the pipeline; supernatant in the inclined plate sedimentation tank enters an electrochemical treatment system through a water pump to carry out deep cleaning on the supernatant, so that spraying alkali liquor meeting the use standard is generated and is input into a liquid preparation tank for recycling;
adding quicklime and water into the liquid preparation tank, stirring to produce slaked lime, and adding NaOH to adjust the pH value of the alkali liquor to obtain the alkali liquor for the spray tower.
Further, the step 1 includes roasting the ternary material battery at a temperature of 300-900 ℃ through a first rotary kiln and a second rotary kiln to remove the binder and reduce cobalt, and roasting other powder collected by a second collector through the second rotary kiln.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
let in the protective gas of high flow in the shredder, the low oxygen environment can be made to the protective gas of high flow, takes away the heat that crushing process produced simultaneously, avoids the explosion on fire, and the protective gas can be through circulation pipeline used repeatedly, disassembles in the electrified old and useless lithium cell accessible charge door continuous input device and selects separately, realizes material separation through environmental protection production system simultaneously, has improved recovery efficiency, and is friendly to the environment. Moreover, the waste liquid treatment system of the device can carry out circulating alkali liquor regeneration treatment on the waste liquid of the spray alkaline washing tower, avoids the outward discharge of the dissolved salt wastewater of the spraying alkali liquor in the traditional disassembly and recovery process of the waste lithium batteries, and recycles the waste liquid after the waste lithium batteries are treated, so that the device is more economic and environment-friendly. Therefore, the device can realize the charged disassembly and recovery of the waste lithium ion battery and can also perform the recycling treatment of the circulating alkali liquor on the waste liquid of the spraying alkaline washing tower, thereby simplifying the disassembly and recovery process of the waste lithium battery, saving the space and the economic cost, and simultaneously improving the efficiency and the safety of the recovery of the waste lithium battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention has the overall structure block diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram: the invention relates to a process flow chart of a production line for treating circulating waste liquid of a spray alkaline tower;
FIG. 3: the invention relates to a flow chart of alkali liquor spraying treatment;
in the figure: 1-a conveyor belt; 2-a shredder; 301-a first rotary kiln; 302-a second rotary kiln 302-a rotary kiln; 4-a crusher; 5-U-shaped reamer; 6-an air flow separator; 7-linear screening; 8-a pulverizer; 901-a first rotary vibrating screen; 902-a second rotary vibrating screen; 1001-first grinder system; 1002-a second grinder system; 1101-a first analyzer; 1102-a second analyzer; 1201-a first collector; 1202-a second collector; 1203-third collector; 1301-a first pulse precipitator; 1302-a second pulse precipitator; 1303-a third pulse dust collector; 1401 — a first activated carbon adsorption tank; 1402-second activated carbon adsorption tank; 1501-UV photolysis device; 1502-UV photolysis device; 1601-a first spray tower; 1602-a second spray tower; 1701-a first induced draft fan; 1702-a second induced draft fan; 18-a membrane collection box; 1901-a first environmental production line; 1902-a second environmental production line; 2001-first reservoir; 2002-a second reservoir; 2101-first intermediate pool; 2102-a second intermediate pool; 2201-a first inclined plate sedimentation tank; 2202-a second inclined plate sedimentation tank; 2301-a first disc filter; 2302-a second disc filter; 2401-a first electrochemical treatment system; 2402-a second electrochemical treatment system; 2501-a first liquid preparation pool; 2502-a second liquid preparation pool; 26-material pipeline; 27-gas distribution pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device comprises a dismantling and sorting decomposition system, an environment-friendly production system and a waste liquid treatment system; the separation and decomposition system comprises a shredder 2 filled with protective gas, the shredder 2 is connected with a crusher 4 through a conveyer belt 1, the crusher 4 is connected with an airflow separator 6 through a U-shaped reamer 5 sleeved with a material pipeline 26, a linear sieve 7 connected with the airflow separator 6 through a material pipeline 26 is arranged below the airflow separator 6, the linear sieve 7 is connected with a diaphragm collecting box 18 through the material pipeline 26, a negative pressure system is arranged at the bottom of the airflow separator 6 so as to convey a battery diaphragm on the upper layer of a sieve net of the linear sieve 7 into the diaphragm collecting box 18, and the diaphragm collecting box 18 is connected with a third material collector 1203 through the material pipeline 26; the linear sieve 7 is connected with the pulverizer 8 through the conveyer belt 1 so as to convey a product (including metal particles of carbon, iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium) at the lower layer of the screen mesh to the pulverizer 8, the pulverizer 8 is connected with the grinder system through the conveyer belt 1, an analyzer with an induced air system is connected above the grinder system, a rotary vibrating sieve is communicated below the analyzer, and the lower part of the rotary vibrating sieve is connected with a first material collector 1201 and a second material collector 1202 through a material pipeline 26;
the grinder system comprises a first grinder system 1001 and a second grinder system 1002, wherein a first analyzer 1101 with an induced air system is connected above the first grinder system 1001, a first rotary vibration sieve 901 is communicated below the first analyzer 1101, and a first material collector 1201 is connected to the lower sieve part of the first rotary vibration sieve 901 through a material pipeline 26; the second grinder system 1002 is connected with the upper part of the first rotary vibration sieve 901 through a material pipeline 26, a second analyzer 1102 with an induced air system is connected with the upper part of the second grinder system 1002, a second rotary vibration sieve 902 is communicated with the lower part of the second analyzer 1102, a discharge port is arranged on the upper part of the second rotary vibration sieve 902, the lower part of the second rotary vibration sieve 902 is connected with a second material collector 1202 through a material pipeline 26, and the first material collector 1201 and the second material collector 1202 are connected through a material pipeline 26.
Preferably, the second rotary vibration sieve 902 has a smaller mesh size than the first rotary vibration sieve 901, and the product milled by the second mill system 1002 has a smaller particle size than the product milled by the first mill system 1001.
Preferably, the first material collector 1201, the second material collector 1202 and the third material collector 1203 are provided with material outlet angle cages capable of controlling the switches to be closed, and an operator samples through the material outlet angle cages.
The shredder 2 is located at the starting end of the disassembly and recovery device and used for crushing charged waste lithium batteries once, and high-flux protective gas is filled inside the shredder during working, so that a low-oxygen environment is manufactured and heat generated in the crushing process is transferred. A monitoring sensor and a fire extinguishing device are arranged in the shredder 2, so that the internal temperature, the combustible gas concentration and the flame starting condition of the shredder 2 can be monitored in real time when the shredder works, and the internal fire extinguishing can be carried out in real time; the crusher 4 is used for crushing the waste lithium batteries for the second time, and the crusher 8 is used for crushing the waste lithium batteries for the third time. The particle size of the waste lithium battery after the first crushing by the shredder 2 is about 10cm, the particle size after the second crushing by the crusher 4 is about 5cm, and the particle size of the product after the third crushing by the crusher 8 is about 5mm.
After the material crushed for the third time by the crusher 8 is ground by the first grinding system 1001 and the second grinding system 1002, the blower blows air into the main housings of the first analyzer 1101 and the second analyzer 1102 to sort the blown powder, the material with the over-coarse fineness falls into the first grinding system 1001 and the second grinding system 1002 for regrinding, the material with the over-fine fineness is screened by the first rotary vibrating screen 901 and the second rotary vibrating screen 902, the material with the proper fineness flows into the first collector 1201 and the second collector 1202 along with the air, the first collector 1201 and the second collector 1202 are used for collecting black powder, the discharge port arranged on the upper portion of the second rotary vibrating screen 902 is used for collecting iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium metal particles and other substances with large particles on the screen, and the third collector 1203 is used for recovering part of the material adhered to the membrane in the membrane collecting box 18 and the material carried in the air flow.
The environment-friendly production system comprises a first environment-friendly production system and a second environment-friendly production system, wherein the first environment-friendly production system comprises a first pulse dust collector 1301 connected with a first material collector 1201 and a second pulse dust collector 1302 connected with a second material collector 1202, the first pulse dust collector 1301 and the second pulse dust collector 1302 are both connected with a first activated carbon adsorption tank 1401 through material pipelines 26, and the first activated carbon adsorption tank 1401 is sequentially connected with a first UV photolysis device 1501, a first spray tower 1601 and a first induced draft fan 1701 through the material pipelines 26; the second environmental-friendly production system comprises a third pulse dust collector 1303 connected with a third collector 1203, and the third pulse dust collector 1303 is sequentially connected with a second activated carbon adsorption tank 1402, a second UV photolysis device 1502, a second spray tower 1602 and a second induced draft fan 1702 through a material pipeline 26;
the first induced draft fan 1701 causes gas generated in the first environmental protection production system to flow so as to drive environmental pollutants (such as dust, floating dust and volatilized electrolyte) in the first collector 1201 and the second collector 1202 to respectively enter the first pulse dust collector 1301 and the second pulse dust collector 1302, and then the environmental pollutants are converged by the material flow pipeline 26 and then sequentially enter the first activated carbon adsorption tank 1401, the first UV photolysis device 1501 and the first spray tower 1601; the second induced draft fan 1702 makes the gas generated in the second environmental protection production system flow so as to drive the environmental pollutants in the third collector 1203 to sequentially enter the third pulse dust collector 1303, the second activated carbon adsorption box 1402, the second UV photolysis device 1502 and the second spray tower 1602; the first pulse dust collector 1301, the second pulse dust collector 1302 and the third pulse dust collector 1303 are used for collecting partial black powder, the first activated carbon adsorption tank 1401 and the second activated carbon adsorption tank 1402 are used for recovering VOCs generated in the battery disassembling process, the first UV photolysis device 1501 and the second UV photolysis device 1502 are used for catalyzing LiPF6 to be decomposed to generate HF, so that HF is absorbed by the first spray tower 1601 and the second spray tower 1602, the first spray tower 1601 and the second spray tower 1602 are both made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the spray liquid is alkaline spray liquid.
The waste liquid treatment system comprises a first waste liquid treatment system and a second waste liquid treatment system, the first waste liquid treatment system comprises a first liquid storage tank 2001, a first intermediate tank 2101 and a first inclined plate sedimentation tank 2201 which are sequentially connected with a first spray tower 1601 through a material pipeline 26, the first inclined plate sedimentation tank 2201 is respectively connected with a first disc type filter 2301 and a first electrochemical treatment system 2401 through the material pipeline 26, and the first electrochemical treatment system 2401 is connected with a first liquid preparation tank 2501 through the material pipeline 26; the second waste liquid treatment system comprises a second liquid storage tank 2002, a second intermediate tank 2102 and a second inclined plate sedimentation tank 2202, which are sequentially connected with a second spray tower 1602 through a material pipeline 26, wherein the second inclined plate sedimentation tank 2202 is respectively connected with a second disc type filter 2302 and a second electrochemical treatment system 2402 through the material pipeline 26, and the second electrochemical treatment system 2402 is connected with a second liquid distribution tank 2502 through the material pipeline 26.
The first liquid storage tank 2001 and the second liquid storage tank 2002 are used for storing used spray liquid, and waste liquid mainly contains CaF 2 And also contains a small amount of Ca (OH) 2 、NaOH、CaCO 3 The waste liquid in the first liquid storage tank 2001 and the waste liquid in the second liquid storage tank 2002 are respectively led into the first intermediate tank 2101 and the second intermediate tank 2102 by water pumps, and are flocculated under the action of PAM (polyacrylamide) put in the first intermediate tank 2101 and the second intermediate tank 2102, so that suspended particles in water can be adsorbed, and a bridging effect is realized among the particles, so that fine particles form a larger floc (mainly comprising CaF) 2 And Ca (OH) 2 ) And the sedimentation speed is accelerated, then the draft of the first intermediate pool 2101 and the draft of the second intermediate pool 2102 are respectively led into a first inclined plate sedimentation pool 2201 and a second inclined plate sedimentation pool 2202 through a water pump, the floccule is precipitated in the inclined plate area of the floccule, the sediment falls into the bottom of the pool under the action of gravity, the slurry formed by the floccule respectively enters a first disc type filter 2301 and a second disc type filter 2302 from a material pipeline 26 at the bottom for filtration, the slurry passes through successive discs under the action of pressure to form filter cakes on the discs, and the filter cakes mainly contain CaF 2 Also contains a small amount of CaCO 3 、SiO 2 And trace NaOH, etc. and the water content of the filter cake is about 25%, temporarily storing in a solid waste storage, and periodically delivering CaF 2 The manufacturer recycles the filtrate, and the filtrate respectively flows back to the first intermediate tank 2101 and the second intermediate tank 2102 through the material pipeline 26; the supernatant in the clean water areas of the first inclined plate sedimentation tank 2201 and the second inclined plate sedimentation tank 2202 is respectively introduced into the first electrochemical treatment system 2401 and the second electrochemical treatment system 2402 through water pumps, and a power supply chamber, an electrode, an ultrasonic cleaning device and a liquid monitoring device are arranged in the supernatant, so that the supernatant can be deeply treated to meet the use standard of spray liquid and is respectively input into the first liquid preparation tank 2501 and the second liquid preparation tank 2502 for recycling.
The first liquid preparation pool 2501 and the second liquid preparation pool 2502 are mainly used for preparing spraying liquid, quicklime from a lime storage tank is quantitatively and automatically added into the stirring pool, under the action of a stirrer, the lime continuously reacts to produce hydrated lime, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CaO+H 2 O→Ca(OH) 2
in order to adjust the pH value of the solution in the first solution preparation pool 2501 and the second solution preparation pool 2502, a set of NaOH dosing device is arranged on the top of the first solution preparation pool 2501 and the second solution preparation pool 2502, and the pH value of the solution in the solution preparation pool is adjusted by checking the pH value of the circulating alkali solution and continuously adding the NaOH solution. The whole waste liquid treatment system keeps the pH value at about 8-11 all the time by adding quicklime and NaOH, and ensures the removal effect of fluoride. The concentration of fluoride in the spray alkali liquor can be calculated according to the solubility of calcium fluoride, and as the solubility of calcium fluoride in water is extremely low, only 0.0016g of calcium fluoride can be dissolved in 100g of water at 18 ℃, and the concentration is converted into F - Is about 8mg/L.
The waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device further comprises a first rotary kiln 301 and a second rotary kiln 302, a feed inlet of the first rotary kiln 301 is connected with a shredder 2 through a conveying belt 1, a discharge outlet of the first rotary kiln 301 is connected with a crusher 4 through a material pipeline 20, a gas outlet of the shredder 2 is communicated with the first rotary kiln 301 through a gas distribution pipe 27 so as to convey protective gas into the first rotary kiln 301, and the gas is led into the first rotary kiln 301 after absorbing heat in the shredder 2, so that the purpose of energy conservation can be achieved; the feed inlet of the second rotary kiln 302 is connected with a second collector 1202 through a conveyer belt 1, the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln 302 is connected with the conveyer belt 1 for discharging, and the second rotary kiln 302 is connected with a gas supply device for providing protective gas.
Preferably, the first rotary kiln 301 and the second rotary kiln 302 are internally provided with U-shaped reamers 5 for conveying the roasted material to the next process for subsequent treatment.
The first rotary kiln 301 and the second rotary kiln 302 divide the waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device into two paths, and the first rotary kiln 301 is used for roasting ternary material batteries crushed for the first time by the shredder 2, so that a binder is burnt and cobalt is reduced, and subsequent treatment steps are facilitated; the second rotary kiln 302 is used for roasting the materials collected by the second collector (1202), and then the materials are conveyed out of the second rotary kiln 302 by the conveying belt 1, so that the materials can be conveniently collected by workers; the roasting processes of the first rotary kiln 301 and the second rotary kiln 302 are carried out in the protective gas atmosphere, the roasting temperature is 300-900 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-8 h. When the batch size of the treated ternary retired battery is large, the first rotary kiln 301 and the second rotary kiln 302 need to be started simultaneously to ensure that the binder is completely removed and cobalt element is reduced, and when the batch size of the treated ternary retired battery is small, the first rotary kiln 301 only needs to be started.
Preferably, the decommissioned lithium iron phosphate batteries may not be fired through the first rotary kiln 301 and the second rotary kiln 302.
Preferably, the protective gas in this embodiment is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon.
The embodiment provides a method for disassembling and recycling waste lithium batteries based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, disassembling a whole group of waste lithium batteries into single batteries, directly sending the disassembled lithium batteries into a shredder 2 filled with protective gas through a conveyer belt 1 for primary crushing without discharging, enabling crushed products to enter a first rotary kiln 301 for roasting through the conveyer belt 1, enabling the roasted products to enter a crusher 4 for secondary crushing through a U-shaped reamer 5 sleeved with a material pipeline, enabling the secondary crushed products to enter an air flow separator 6 for gas-solid separation through a U-shaped reamer 501 sleeved with a material pipeline, enabling solid fragments to fall into a linear sieve 7 for sieving so as to enable battery diaphragms to be left on a screen mesh, other products fall below the screen, the negative pressure system of the air flow separator 6 conveys the battery diaphragm into the diaphragm collecting box 18, materials adhered to the battery diaphragm and materials mixed in the air flow are conveyed into the third material collector 1203, the other products are conveyed into the crusher 8 by the conveying belt 1 to be crushed for the third time, the crushed products are conveyed to the first grinder system 1001 by the conveying belt 1 to be ground into powder, a fan of the first rotary vibration sieve 901 blows the powder into the first analyzer 1101 to be separated, the materials with the qualified fineness fall into the first rotary vibration sieve 901 through the analyzer, the materials with the unqualified fineness fall into the first grinder system 1001 again to be ground again, repeating the steps until the fineness of the required materials reaches the standard, screening the materials by the first rotary vibration screen 901, feeding the black powder under the screen into the first material collector 1201, other large-size powder enters the second grinder system 1002 through the stream pipe 26 to be ground continuously, the materials are sorted by a second analyzer 1102, the materials with the qualified granularity fall into a second rotary vibrating screen 902 for screening, the black powder under the screen enters a second material collector 1202 along with a material pipeline 26, and the materials with large particle size on the screen are collected from a discharge port at the upper part of the second rotary vibrating screen;
step 2, a first induced draft fan 1701 enables gas generated in the first environment-friendly production system to flow so as to drive environmental pollutants in a first material collector 1201 and a second material collector 1202 to enter a first pulse dust collector 1301 and a second pulse dust collector 1302 respectively to further collect black powder, VOCs generated in the battery disassembling process are absorbed through a first activated carbon adsorption tank 1401, liPF6 is decomposed through a first UV photolysis device 1501 to generate HF, and the HF is absorbed by a first spray tower 1601; the second induced draft fan 1702 causes gas generated in the second environment-friendly production system to flow so as to drive environmental pollutants in the third collector 1203 to sequentially pass through the third pulse dust collector 1303, the second activated carbon adsorption box 1402, the second UV photolysis device 1502 and the second spray tower 1602 to remove part of black powder, VOCs and LiPF 6 ；
Step 3, firstly, the sprayed alkali liquor used by the first spraying tower 1601 and the second spraying tower 1602 is respectively conveyed to a first liquid storage tank 2001 and a second liquid storage tank 2002 through a material pipeline 26, and is respectively introduced into a first intermediate tank 2101 and a second intermediate tank 2102 which are added with PAM through a water pump to flocculate the sprayed alkali liquor so as to adsorb suspended particles in water to form floccules, then the liquid in the first intermediate tank 2101 and the second intermediate tank 2102 is introduced into a first inclined plate sedimentation tank 2201 and a second inclined plate sedimentation tank 2202 through the water pump to be sedimentated, the serous fluid formed by the floccules is respectively discharged into a first disc type filter 2301 and a second disc type filter 2302 from the material pipeline 26 to be filtered, filter cakes are formed on disc pages, and the filtrate respectively flows back to the first intermediate tank 2101 and the second intermediate tank 2102 through pipelines; supernatant liquid of the first inclined plate sedimentation tank 2201 and the supernatant liquid of the second inclined plate sedimentation tank 2202 enter the first electrochemical treatment system 2401 and the first electrochemical treatment system 2402 respectively through water pumps to carry out deep cleaning on the supernatant liquid, so that spraying alkali liquid meeting the use standard is generated and is input into the first liquid preparation tank 2501 and the second liquid preparation tank 2502 respectively for recycling;
quicklime and water are added into the first liquid preparation tank 2501 and the second liquid preparation tank 2502 and stirred to produce hydrated lime, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CaO+H 2 O→Ca(OH) 2
and then NaOH is added to adjust the pH value of the spraying alkali liquor, so that the alkali liquor used by the spraying tower is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. A waste lithium battery disassembling and recycling device is characterized by comprising a disassembling and sorting decomposition system, an environment-friendly production system and a waste liquid treatment system;
the separation and decomposition system comprises a shredder (2) filled with protective gas, the shredder (2) is connected with a crusher (4) through a conveyer belt (1), the crusher (4) is connected with an airflow separator (6) through a U-shaped reamer (5) sleeved with a material pipeline (26), a linear sieve (7) connected with the airflow separator (6) through a material pipeline (26) is arranged below the airflow separator (6), the linear sieve (7) is connected with a diaphragm collecting box (18) through the material pipeline (26), a negative pressure system is arranged at the bottom of the airflow separator (6) so as to convey a battery diaphragm on the upper layer of a sieve screen of the linear sieve (7) into the diaphragm collecting box (18), and the diaphragm collecting box (18) is connected with a third material collector (1203) through the material pipeline (26);
the linear sieve (7) is connected with the crusher (8) through the conveyer belt (1) so as to convey a product on the lower layer of the screen to the crusher (8), the crusher (8) is connected with the grinder system through the conveyer belt (1), the upper part of the grinder system is connected with an analyzer with an induced air system, the lower part of the analyzer is communicated with a rotary vibrating sieve, and the sieve lower part of the rotary vibrating sieve is connected with a first material collector (1201) and a second material collector (1202) through a material pipeline (26);
the environment-friendly production system comprises a pulse dust collector which is respectively connected with a first material collector (1201), a second material collector (1202) and a third material collector (1203), wherein the pulse dust collector is sequentially connected with an activated carbon adsorption tank, a UV photolysis device, a spray tower and a first induced draft fan through a material pipeline (26);
the waste liquid treatment system comprises a liquid storage tank connected with the spray tower, the liquid storage tank is sequentially connected with an intermediate tank and an inclined plate sedimentation tank through a material pipeline (26), PAM is put in the intermediate tank, the inclined plate sedimentation tank is respectively connected with the disc type filter and the electrochemical treatment system through the material pipeline (26), the electrochemical treatment system is connected with the liquid distribution tank through the material pipeline (26), and the disc type filter is connected with the intermediate tank through a pipeline.
2. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising a first rotary kiln (301) and a second rotary kiln (302), wherein a feed inlet of the first rotary kiln (301) is connected with the shredder (2) through a conveyer belt (1), a discharge outlet of the first rotary kiln (301) is connected with the crusher (4) through a material pipeline (26), and a gas outlet of the shredder (2) is communicated with the first rotary kiln (301) through a gas distribution pipe (27) so as to convey protective gas into the first rotary kiln (301);
the feed inlet of the second rotary kiln (302) is connected with a second collector (1202) through a conveyer belt (1), the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln (302) is connected with the conveyer belt (1) for conveying materials, and the second rotary kiln (302) is connected with a gas supply device for conveying protective gas for the second rotary kiln.
3. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device according to claim 2, wherein a U-shaped reamer (5) is arranged inside each of the first rotary kiln (301) and the second rotary kiln (302).
4. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grinder system comprises a first grinder system (1001) and a second grinder system (1002), a first analyzer (1101) with an induced air system is connected above the first grinder system (1001), a first rotary vibrating screen (901) is communicated below the first analyzer (1101), and the undersize portion of the first rotary vibrating screen (901) is connected with a first material collector (1201) through a material pipeline (26);
the second grinder system (1002) is connected with the upper portion of the first rotary vibration sieve (901) through a material pipeline (26), a second analyzer (1102) with an induced air system is connected to the upper portion of the second grinder system (1002), a second rotary vibration sieve (902) is communicated to the lower portion of the second analyzer (1102), a discharge port is formed in the upper portion of the second rotary vibration sieve (902), the lower portion of the second rotary vibration sieve (902) is connected with a second material collector (1202) through the material pipeline (26), and the first material collector (1201) is connected with the second material collector (1202) through the material pipeline (26).
5. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device according to claim 4, wherein the first material collector (1201), the second material collector (1202) and the third material collector (1203) are provided with discharging port angle cages capable of controlling the switch to be closed.
6. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device according to claim 4, wherein the sieve holes of the second rotary vibration sieve (902) are smaller than the sieve holes of the first rotary vibration sieve (901).
7. The waste lithium battery dismantling and recycling device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the protective gas is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, neon, krypton and xenon.
8. The disassembly and recovery device for waste lithium batteries as recited in any one of claims 1-3, wherein a power supply chamber, an electrode, an ultrasonic cleaning device and a liquid monitoring device are arranged in the electrochemical treatment system.
9. A method for disassembling and recycling waste lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, firstly, a shredder (2) filled with protective gas is used for carrying out primary crushing on waste lithium batteries, a conveyor belt (1) conveys battery fragments to a crusher (4) for secondary crushing, the battery fragments are conveyed to an air flow separator (6) for gas-solid separation through a U-shaped reamer (5) sleeved with a material pipeline (26), the solid fragments fall into a linear sieve (7) for screening, so that a battery diaphragm is left on a screen, other products fall below the screen, a negative pressure system of the air flow separator (6) conveys the battery diaphragm into a diaphragm collecting box (18), materials adhered to the battery diaphragm and materials mixed in air flow are conveyed into a third material collector (1203), the conveyor belt (1) conveys the other products to a crusher (8) for third crushing, the crushed products are conveyed to a grinder system through the conveyor belt (1) and are ground into powder, a fan of a rotary vibrating sieve blows the powder into an analyzer for separation, the materials reaching the fineness fall into a rotary vibrating sieve through the analyzer, the grinder system does not grind the materials until the fineness reaches the fineness, the materials enter a discharge port of the second material to be screened, and the material to be collected from a rotary sieve (1202);
step 2, the induced draft fan enables gas generated in the environment-friendly production system to flow so as to drive environmental pollutants in the first material collector (1201), the second material collector (1202) and the third material collector (1203) to enter a pulse dust collector, an activated carbon adsorption box, a UV photolysis device and a spray tower in sequence; wherein: the pulse dust collector is used for collecting part of black powder, the activated carbon adsorption tank is used for recovering VOCs generated in the battery disassembling process, and the UV photolysis device is used for catalyzing LiPF6 to decompose to generate HF to be absorbed by the spray tower;
step 3, firstly, spraying alkali liquor used by a spraying tower enters a liquid storage tank through a material pipeline (26), a water pump is used for introducing the spraying alkali liquor into an intermediate tank, PAM is added into the intermediate tank to enable the spraying alkali liquor to flocculate so as to adsorb suspended particles in water to form floccules, then liquid in the intermediate tank is introduced into an inclined plate sedimentation tank through the water pump for sedimentation, slurry formed by the floccules is discharged into a disc type filter from the material pipeline (26) for filtration, a filter cake is formed on a disc blade, and filtrate flows back to the intermediate tank through the pipeline; supernatant in the inclined plate sedimentation tank enters an electrochemical treatment system through a water pump to carry out deep cleaning on the supernatant, so that spraying alkali liquor meeting the use standard is generated and is input into a liquid preparation tank for recycling;
adding quicklime and water into the liquid preparation tank, stirring to produce slaked lime, and adding NaOH to adjust the pH value of the alkali liquor to obtain the alkali liquor for the spray tower.
10. The method for disassembling and recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 9, wherein the step 1 further comprises the steps of roasting the ternary material battery at a temperature of 300-900 ℃ through a first rotary kiln (301) and a second rotary kiln (302) to remove the binder and reduce cobalt, and roasting other powder collected by the second collector (1202) through the second rotary kiln (302).
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| CN115970848A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-18 | 中南大学 | Recovery and sorting method and system for lithium ion battery |
| CN116727081A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-12 | 江苏道金智能制造科技股份有限公司 | Multi-group sorting device for broken materials of lithium battery and working method of multi-group sorting device |
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