CN107477597B - A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment - Google Patents
A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107477597B CN107477597B CN201710697243.9A CN201710697243A CN107477597B CN 107477597 B CN107477597 B CN 107477597B CN 201710697243 A CN201710697243 A CN 201710697243A CN 107477597 B CN107477597 B CN 107477597B
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- flying dust
- flue gas
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- incineration
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
- F23J2700/003—Ash removal means for incinerators
Abstract
The invention belongs to the harmful fixed-end forces technical fields of danger, stablize the method for harmless treatment more particularly to a kind of incineration of refuse flyash, the flying dust residue removing toxic substances of the method processing is thorough, not only bioxin is thoroughly decomposed, heavy metal ion, the minute quantity residual heavy metals such as great amount of soluble villaumite and Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, As in flying dust can be effectively removed simultaneously to be also solid-solution in residue, and no longer there is Leaching, flying dust residue can recycling do building lightweight aggregate recycle, it is economic and environment-friendly;In addition, the method is environmental-friendly, economically feasible, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the harmful fixed-end forces technical fields of danger, and in particular to a kind of incineration of refuse flyash is stablized innoxious
The method of processing.
Background technology
Incineration of refuse flyash is mainly the particulate matter being collected into flue gas of refuse burning processing, contains a great deal of Er Evil
It is strong to endanger resident once will cause greatly to destroy to ecology into environment for the toxicants such as English, heavy metal, these noxious materials
Health.Fusion method can be effectively treated flying dust Zhong bioxin, heavy metal, slag as the new technology developed in recent years
Also resourcebility utilizes, and has a clear superiority at " minimizing, innoxious, stabilisation, recycling " aspect.But it is existing molten
The shortcomings of melting processing method, to there is treating capacity small more, complicated for operation, performance difficulty, and because solvable in the residue after melt process
The content of the heavy metals such as property salt, chlorine and lead, zinc is still higher so that residue is very limited in terms of recycling.
Therefore, developmental research one kind can thoroughly effective harmless treatment incineration of refuse flyash and economically feasible, operation letter
Single method, has great importance and market prospects.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of incineration of refuse flyash stablize harmless treatment method, the method processing
The removing toxic substances of flying dust residue is thorough, not only thoroughly decomposes bioxin, while can effectively remove the great amount of soluble villaumite in flying dust
And the heavy metal ion such as Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, As, minute quantity residual heavy metal are also solid-solution in residue, are no longer had and are leached poison
Property, flying dust residue can recycling do building lightweight aggregate recycle, it is economic and environment-friendly;In addition, the method it is environmental-friendly, it is economical can
It is capable, easy to operate.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Incineration of refuse flyash and water are pressed into solid-liquid mass ratio 1:The ratio of 5-10 mixes, and stirs pulp, precipitates, point
From supernatant and mud cream is obtained, mud cream press filtration is obtained into filtrate and body refuse 1, is handled by pulp, removing rubbish can be leached and burnt
Burn in flying dust about 20% Na, K, Ca, the heavy metal including Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd of about 60% Cl and about 5%;
Step 2:Step 1 gained body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution are pressed into solid-liquid mass ratio 1:The ratio of 3-5 mixes, and control pH is 1
~2,0.5~1h is mixed, press filtration obtains acid filtrate and body refuse 2, handled by acidleach, can dissolve and remove lead in body refuse 1
Other metal ions in addition, lead are entered in the form of lead sulfate in body refuse 2;
Step 3:Step 2 gained body refuse 2 is mixed with quick lime, the pH controls of gains are 6~7 after mixing, and gained is mixed
It closes object and presses solid-liquid mass ratio 1 with water:5-10's mix, and stirs 15~20min, then press filtration obtains neutral filtrate and body refuse 3,
The water content for controlling the body refuse 3 is no more than 50%, and quick lime neutralization, washing process can be removed further and be remained in body refuse 2
The heavy metal including Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd;After " washing-acidleach-washing " processing, heavy metal total removal rate reaches
30%, soluble villaumite removal rate is up to 60%, and the wherein removal rate of chlorion is up to 80%;
Step 4:The drying of step 3 gained body refuse 3 to moisture content is no more than 8%, then send into ball mill or crusher and grinds
At powder, discharge after the dry wet waste gas purification processing generated is up to standard;
Step 5:Step 4 gained powder is sent to pelletising drum, bead is made, sieve takes the flying dust that grain size is 8~12mm small
Ball is sent into cylindrical mixer, flying dust pelletizing is made with combustion adjuvant and water, the grain size of the flying dust pelletizing is 10-14mm, described
Combustion adjuvant is biomass carbon dust, such as rice husk carbon, shell carbon, the additive amount of the combustion adjuvant be flying dust pellet quality 8~
10%;
Step 6:By step 5 gained flying dust pelletizing cloth in sintering machine, lighted a fire using ignition furnace, after the completion of burning
Residue used as light bone material is built, the heat smoke for burning generation is divided into two parts, and heat smoke 1 is dried as step 4
Heat source, heat smoke 2 carry out heat exchange cooling as the heat source of heat exchanger, most afterwards through flue gas purification system purified treatment heel row up to standard
It puts.
According to the method for the present invention, the supernatant described in step 1 and the acid filtrate described in filtrate, step 2 and step
Neutral filtrate described in rapid 3 carries out reverse-osmosis treated and obtains water and concentrate, and the water of gained is recycled to be burnt for the rubbish of step 1
The washing process of flying dust pulp processing and/or step 3 is burnt, the concentrate of gained can recycle copper by electrochemistry, precipitate reduction returns
It receives the methods of chromium, sulfide precipitation recycling zinc and evaporative crystallization recycling sodium salt and recycles wherein salt and heavy metal.
According to the method for the present invention, the mass percentage concentration of sulfuric acid described in step 2 is 50%-98%;Preferably, step
The mass percentage concentration of sulfuric acid described in 2 is 90%-98%.
According to the method for the present invention, the time that pulp is stirred in step 1 is not less than 30min;Preferably, it is stirred in step 1
The time of pulp is 30min.
According to the method for the present invention, the mesh of the powder diameter in step 4≤80, such grade balling-up effect are more preferable.
According to the method for the present invention, the flying dust bead grain size described in step 5 is 8~12mm, moisture≤25%, falls by force
>=5 times/of degree, compression strength >=8N/ are a.
According to the method for the present invention, the flying dust pelletizing grain size described in step 5 is 10~14mm, moisture≤20%, falls
Intensity >=8 time/, compression strength >=15N/.
According to the method for the present invention, after sieve takes a diameter of 8~12mm beads in step 5, it is less than the flying dust ball of Particle size requirements
It returns and continues to grow up in pelletising drum, the flying dust ball more than diametric requirements send to whizzer and reprocessed.
According to the method for the present invention, the fabric thickness in step 6 is 700~1200mm, if thickness of feed layer is less than
700mm is then unable to reach temperature requirement, influences burning effect;If thickness of feed layer is more than 1200mm, poor air permeability is burned
Effect is bad.
According to the method for the present invention, 900 DEG C ± 50 DEG C of the firing temperature burned in step 6,2~4min of the duration of ignition is burnt
Burning negative pressure is 1200~2500Pa, and incineration temperature reaches as high as 1300 DEG C with this condition, can effectively melt the huge sum of money in flying dust admittedly
Belong to and Shi bioxin thoroughly decomposes.
According to the method for the present invention, the purified treatment described in step 4 and step 6 includes the following steps:
Step a:Wet exhaust gas and step 6 combustion product gases after cooling that exchange heat that step 4 drying generates are sent by air-introduced machine
To removing flue dust, 98% or more efficiency of dust collection in sack cleaner;
Step b:Exhaust gas after step a dedustings is subjected to spray sulphur removal, spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide energy
Sulfur dioxide in enough and flue gas forms sodium sulfite, and sodium sulfite can be by regenerating hydroxide with calcium hydroxide reaction
Sodium, to realize that sodium hydroxide obtains circular regeneration, sulfur removal effectiveness is up to 60%, while spray liquid can also remove remaining cigarette
Dirt;
Step c:Exhaust gas after step b desulfurization is subjected to wet denitration, by spraying urea liquid and controlling solution PH by cigarette
Nitrogen oxides in gas is reduced into nitrogen, realizes the purpose of denitration, which can remove in flue gas 80% or more NOx;
Step d:Flue gas after step c denitrations is sent into steam-water separator, the water quilt in steam-water separator in flue gas
It separates and can be used for cylinder pelletizing after collection;
Step e:By step d treated flue gases by active carbon adsorber, pass through activated carbon adsorption remove flue gas may
Remaining heavy metal and bioxin keep flue gas up to standard;
Step f:Purified flue gas discharges after carrying out heat exchange with the heat smoke 2 in step 6 by heat exchanger so that net
Flue gas after change is heated, and prevents occurring plume phenomenon in discharge process.
The inventors discovered that leaching effect shadow of the solid-to-liquid ratio that pulp is handled in step 1 to villaumite and heavy metal ion
Sound it is very big, when liquid-solid ratio it is small 5 when, soluble villaumite leaching rate is less than 10%, leaching effect unobvious;When liquid-solid ratio is more than 10
When, soluble villaumite leaching rate increases unobvious, and waste water resource, increases follow-up water recovery operation amount;When liquid-solid ratio is 5-
10:When 1, the soluble villaumite removed in incineration of refuse flyash can be farthest leached, can about reach 60%, while can soak
Go out remove in incineration of refuse flyash about 20% Na, K, Ca, about 5% heavy metal including Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, leaching
Go out with obvious effects.
The present inventors have additionally discovered that the mass ratio of body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution is very big on leaching effect influence in step 2, only
When body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution press solid-liquid mass ratio 1:When the ratio mixing of 3-5, the metal ion in ability fully leached mud 1;
When the solid-liquid mass ratio of body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution is less than 1:When 5, leaching effect object is obviously improved, but increases sulfuric acid consumption, neither
Economy, also not environmentally;When the solid-liquid mass ratio of body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution is more than 1:When 3, leaching effect substantially reduces, and influences rubbish
The harmless treatment effect of rubbish flying dust.
The inventors discovered that can greatly reduce follow-up when the water content for controlling body refuse 3 is no more than 50% in step 3
The energy consumption of drying process simplifies subsequent operation;In addition, the moisture content dry in whizzer of body refuse 3 is to follow-up in step 4
Balling ratio is affected, can balling-up well when the moisture control after drying is below 8%;It is aqueous after drying
When rate is more than 8%, it is not easy follow-up balling-up;The grain size of flying dust pelletizing directly affects the burning effect of garbage flying ash in step 5, when winged
When the grain size of grey pelletizing is 10-14mm, bed permeability is best when burning, and sintering effect is best.
The method of the present invention has the advantage that:
1, using washing-acidleach-washing pre-treatment, it can remove in incineration of refuse flyash and largely, to construction material give birth to
The extremely bad soluble villaumite of production influence, there are heavy metal ion in the form of carbonate combine state etc. is commutative, greatly reduce rubbish
The content of heavy metal in rubbish flying ash;
2, washing, the supernatant of acidleach processing, filtrate can recycle after reverse-osmosis treated, and reverse-osmosis treated obtains
To water can recycle for water-washing step, the concentrate that reverse-osmosis treated obtains can substep effectively recycle copper, chromium, zinc etc.
Valuable metal and salt not only realize no effuent discharge, and can recycle valuable metal, improve the economic valence of garbage flying ash processing
Value;
3, by being prepared into the flying dust pelletizing of 10~14mm, material heat transfer area and bed permeability can be increased, improved
Melting efficiency;
4, the incineration residue that burning disposal obtains, sodium, potassium, calcium salt, chlorion and residual quantity of heavy metal are extremely low, can be notable
Increase the recycling purposes of incineration residue, such as makees to build light bone material;
5, the method for the present invention can also to the solid waste of the metals such as various cupric chromium nickel lead, as electroplating sludge, chromium slag into
Row is effectively treated, strong applicability;
6, the method for the present invention can efficiently use fume afterheat, and efficiency of energy utilization is high;
7, the method for the present invention is environmental-friendly, flow is simple, easy to operate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 is burnt away the refuse the processing of flying dust
A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment, includes the following steps:
1) it washes:It weighs certain refuse-burning plant incineration of refuse flyash 50kg and distilled water 500kg and consolidates mass ratio 10 by liquid:1
Mixing pulp is carried out, is sufficiently stirred 30min, then staticly settled;Supernatant is detached, filtrate 1 is obtained by filtration in lower layer's mud cream
With filter residue 1, sampling analysis after supernatant is mixed with filtrate 1;
2) acidleach:A certain amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid is taken, the sulfuric acid solution of concentration 0.1M is configured to, by filter residue 1 and sulphur
Acid solution consolidates mass ratio 3 by liquid:1 is mixed, and control mixed liquor PH is 1~2, stirs 45min, then be filtered to obtain acidleach
Go out liquid and acid leaching residue;
3) it washes:First acid leaching residue is mixed with quick lime to neutralize sulfuric acid in slag, then by after neutralization slag and distillation
Water consolidates mass ratio 5 by liquid:1 carries out mixing pulp, after stirring 15min press filtration obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2, by filtrate 2 and above-mentioned acid
Sampling analysis soluble villaumite therein and heavy metal Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu etc. contains after leachate, supernatant and filtrate 1 mix
Amount;
4) it dries:Filter residue 2 is put into whizzer, 2h is dried under the conditions of 110 DEG C, until the moisture content of filter residue drops
To 8% or less;
5) it is milled:Flying dust slag after drying is sent into ball mill and carries out levigate, the sieve screening of 80 mesh of the powder worn into;
6) pelletizing:The screenings that screening obtains is subjected to ball processed with pelletising drum, by controlling cylinder rotation rate and addition
Water produces uniform particle sizes' bead, then filters out the flying dust bead that grain size is 8~12mm with stainless steel mesh, is less than less than grain size
8mm returns to pelletising drum and continues balling-up, more than regrinding thin processing after the drying of 12mm;
7) it covers and wraps up in:The flying dust bead of 8~12mm of grain size is added in cylindrical mixer, it is heavy to weigh its by the addition of bead
The rice husk carbon dust of amount 10% is added in cylindrical mixer cover wrapping up in and produces flying dust pelletizing, then sieved with sieve take out grain size 10~
The pelletizing of 14mm;
8) it burns:The flying dust pelletizing that sieve is taken is added in the sintering furnace of diameter 200mm, thickness of feed layer 700mm, with liquefied gas
As revealing fuel, 900 DEG C, duration of ignition 2min of firing temperature is burned to burn after negative pressure 2000Pa, 60min and is basically completed, general
The near 1200Pa of negative pressure is cooled down, and to residue sampling analysis after cooling, is equally divided the smoke sampling that burning process generates
It analyses, detects record incineration temperature, flue-gas temperature in burning process simultaneously;
9) gas cleaning:Exhaust gas is subjected to spray sulphur removal, spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution;Exhaust gas carries out wet method after desulfurization
Nitrogen oxides in flue gas is reduced into nitrogen by spraying urea liquid and controlling solution PH, realizes the purpose of denitration by denitration;
The flue gas after denitration is fed through active carbon adsorber again, by activated carbon adsorption remove flue gas may remaining heavy metal with
Ji bioxin keeps flue gas up to standard;During lab scale, because the discharge capacity of flue gas is too small, wet desulphurization, wet denitration have only been carried out
And three processes of activated carbon adsorption, sampling analysis after the purified processing of flue gas.
It is partial analysis result below:
A, incineration of refuse flyash constituent analysis
B, incineration of refuse flyash Analysis of Heavy Metal
C, residue Leaching is analyzed
D, the fume component analysis before and after purification
After the pre-treatment of " washing-acidleach-washing ", about 59% quilt of soluble villaumite (NaCl, KCl) in former flying dust
Embathe, wherein the removal rate of Cl about 77%, heavy metal Pb, Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu removal rate about 72%.Incineration flue gas is through processing
Afterwards completely can qualified discharge, residue completely can be with comprehensive utilization of resources.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Incineration of refuse flyash and water are pressed into solid-liquid mass ratio 1:The ratio of 5-10 mixes, and stirs pulp, and precipitation detaches
To supernatant and mud cream, mud cream press filtration is obtained into filtrate and body refuse 1;
Step 2:Step 1 gained body refuse 1 and sulfuric acid solution are pressed into solid-liquid mass ratio 1:The ratio of 3-5 mixes, and control pH is 1~2,
0.5~1h is mixed, press filtration obtains acid filtrate and body refuse 2;
Step 3:Step 2 gained body refuse 2 is mixed with quick lime, the pH controls of gains are 6~7 after mixing, gained mixture
Solid-liquid mass ratio 1 is pressed with water:5-10's mix, and stirs 15~20min, then press filtration obtains neutral filtrate and body refuse 3, controls
The water content of the body refuse 3 is no more than 50%;
Step 4:The drying of step 3 gained body refuse 3 to moisture content is no more than 8%, then send the grinds into ball mill or crusher
End, discharge after the dry wet waste gas purification processing generated is up to standard;
Step 5:Step 4 gained powder is sent to pelletising drum, bead is made, it is that the flying dust bead of 8~12mm is sent that sieve, which takes grain size,
Enter in cylindrical mixer, flying dust pelletizing is made with combustion adjuvant and water, the grain size of the flying dust pelletizing is 10-14mm, described combustion-supporting
Agent is biomass carbon dust, and the additive amount of the combustion adjuvant is the 8~10% of flying dust pellet quality;
Step 6:By step 5 gained flying dust pelletizing cloth in sintering machine, lighted a fire using ignition furnace, it is residual after the completion of burning
Slag is used as light bone material is built, and the heat smoke for burning generation is divided into two parts, the heat source that heat smoke 1 is dried as step 4,
Heat smoke 2 carries out heat exchange cooling as the heat source of heat exchanger, is most discharged after flue gas purification system purified treatment is up to standard afterwards.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described in supernatant and filtrate, step 2 described in step 1
Acid filtrate and step 3 described in neutral filtrate carry out reverse-osmosis treated and obtain water and concentrate, the water cycle of gained is used
It can be returned by electrochemistry in the concentrate of the incineration of refuse flyash pulp processing of step 1 and/or the washing process of step 3, gained
It receives copper, precipitate reduction recycling chromium, sulfide precipitation recycling zinc and evaporative crystallization recycling the methods of sodium salt and recycles wherein salt and again
Metal.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The mass percentage concentration of sulfuric acid described in step 2 is 50%-
98%.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:The mass percentage concentration of sulfuric acid described in step 2 is 90%-
98%.
5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The time that pulp is stirred in step 1 is not less than 30min.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:The time that pulp is stirred in step 1 is 30min.
7. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The mesh of powder diameter in step 4≤80.
8. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Flying dust bead grain size described in step 5 is 8~12mm, water
Point≤25%, drop strength >=5 time/, compression strength >=8N/;Flying dust pelletizing grain size described in step 5 is 10~
14mm, moisture≤20%, drop strength >=8 time/, compression strength >=15N/.
9. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:After sieve takes a diameter of 8~12mm beads in step 5, it is less than grain
The flying dust ball that diameter requires returns to be continued to grow up in pelletising drum, and the flying dust ball more than diametric requirements is sent to whizzer progress
Reprocessing.
10. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Combustion adjuvant described in step 5 is selected from rice husk carbon and shell
Carbon.
11. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Fabric thickness in step 6 is 700~1200mm, burning
900 DEG C ± 50 DEG C, 2~4min of the duration of ignition of firing temperature, burning negative pressure are 1200~2500Pa.
12. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Purified treatment described in step 4 and step 6 includes following
Step:
Step a:Wet exhaust gas and step 6 combustion product gases after cooling that exchange heat that step 4 drying generates are sent by air-introduced machine to bag
Flue dust, 98% or more efficiency of dust collection are removed in formula deduster;
Step b:Exhaust gas after step a dedustings is subjected to spray sulphur removal, spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, and sodium hydroxide can be with
Sulfur dioxide in flue gas forms sodium sulfite, and sodium sulfite can by regenerating sodium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide reaction, from
And can realize that sodium hydroxide obtains circular regeneration, sulfur removal effectiveness is up to 60%, while spray liquid can also remove remaining flue dust;
Step c:By after step b desulfurization exhaust gas carry out wet denitration, by spray urea liquid and control solution PH will be in flue gas
Nitrogen oxides be reduced into nitrogen, realize the purpose of denitration, which can remove in flue gas 80% or more NOx;
Step d:Flue gas after step c denitrations is sent into steam-water separator, the water in steam-water separator in flue gas is detached
It out can be used for cylinder pelletizing after collection;
Step e:By step d treated flue gases by active carbon adsorber, removing flue gas by activated carbon adsorption may remain
Heavy metal and bioxin, keep flue gas up to standard;
Step f:Purified flue gas discharges after carrying out heat exchange with the heat smoke 2 in step 6 by heat exchanger so that after purification
Flue gas heated, prevent occurring plume phenomenon in discharge process.
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CN201710697243.9A CN107477597B (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash stablizes harmless treatment |
PCT/CN2018/100151 WO2019034011A1 (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2018-08-13 | Stable harmlessness treatment method for fly ash in waste incineration |
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CN106282585A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | The detoxification classification resource utilization method of one way of life incineration of refuse flyash |
CN106734099A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 | Using the method for secondary material complex technique high temperature harmlessness disposing incineration of refuse flyash |
CN107013924A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-04 | 福建广汇龙环保科技研究院有限公司 | Incineration of refuse flyash processing equipment and processing method |
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