CN113955791A - Comprehensive utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash - Google Patents

Comprehensive utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113955791A
CN113955791A CN202010636411.5A CN202010636411A CN113955791A CN 113955791 A CN113955791 A CN 113955791A CN 202010636411 A CN202010636411 A CN 202010636411A CN 113955791 A CN113955791 A CN 113955791A
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China
Prior art keywords
fly ash
integrated device
roasting
flue gas
residue
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CN202010636411.5A
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Inventor
陈雨艳
杨茂华
杨利方
龙炳清
杨秀勇
何建华
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Sichuan Weisheng Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Sichuan Weisheng Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010636411.5A priority Critical patent/CN113955791A/en
Publication of CN113955791A publication Critical patent/CN113955791A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/46Sulfates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81Solid phase processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04Chlorides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/18Carbonates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the processes of separating soluble salt, converting calcium in the soluble salt into light calcium carbonate or gypsum, producing potassium chloride and sodium chloride mixed salt in the rest, producing an active desulfurizer product from residues and the like.

Description

Comprehensive utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of fly ash generated by burning household garbage.
Background
The incineration of household garbage (including power generation) is the main development trend of household garbage treatment. In the process of incineration treatment of the household garbage, a large amount of fly ash is inevitably generated. The fly ash contains dioxin and heavy metals, is a dangerous solid waste, and causes serious pollution to the ecological environment if discharged into the environment. At present, the main methods for treating fly ash include safe landfill, cement solidification and the like. The former occupies a large amount of land and still has environmental risk factors; in the latter, because of the presence of a large amount of soluble salts, the cured product is unstable and difficult to be effectively utilized, and the storage of the cured product has environmental safety risks. The existing treatment method basically belongs to harmless treatment. The fly ash contains a large amount of useful substances, is a valuable resource, has great value in developing a fly ash comprehensive utilization method, and is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved in China and even in the world at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the fly ash treatment method generated by the current household garbage incineration, the invention aims to find a high-efficiency and economic fly ash comprehensive utilization method, which is characterized in that fly ash and water are continuously fed into an integrated device with the functions of crushing, dissolving, washing and solid-liquid separation, in the device, a solid phase and a liquid phase move in opposite directions, wherein the solid phase is pushed by a screw machine, the liquid phase is pushed by gravity, the adding position of the water is 30-50 cm before the residue discharging position, the integrated device is assisted with an ultrasonic wave reinforced mass transfer process, the ultrasonic wave power supply power of each cubic meter of the effective volume of the integrated device is 1-3 kW, the whole process is carried out at normal temperature for 8-15 min, and the adding mass of the water is 1.5-3.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis; liquid-phase products separated from a fly ash inlet end of the integrated device through a filter screen are subjected to fine filtration, and fine filter residues and fly ash are added into the integrated device; sending the liquid phase generated by fine filtration into a precipitation reactor for precipitation reaction, adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate for precipitation reaction, wherein the precipitation reaction is carried out at normal temperature for 5-15 min, the sodium sulfate is added in a solid (not limited to solid) form under the stirring condition, the adding amount is the theoretical adding amount, the sodium carbonate is added in a mist solution form with the concentration of 250-500 g/L under the stirring condition, the particle size of the mist drops of the sodium carbonate solution is less than 50 microns, and the adding amount of the sodium carbonate is 100.00-100.02% of the theoretical amount; after the precipitation reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing on the precipitate generated by separation, wherein the mass of washing water is 1.5-2.0 times of that of the precipitate on a dry basis, returning the washing water to the integrated device, and drying the washed precipitate by adopting the prior art to obtain a gypsum or light calcium carbonate product; the solution generated in the last solid-liquid separation process is subjected to evaporation concentration, crystallization and crystal drying by adopting the prior art to obtain a NaCl and KCl mixed salt product, and the product can be directly sold as a product and can be further separated into NaCl and KCl products; mechanically dehydrating the residue discharged from the fly ash residue discharge port of the integrated device to reduce the water content of the residue to below 40%, and returning water generated in the dehydration process to the integrated device; mixing the residue after mechanical dehydration with quicklime powder and granulating, wherein the granulation ratio is 85-95% of the residue and 5-15% of the quicklime powder on a dry basis respectively, the diameter of the produced particulate matter is 3-20 mm, and the particulate matter is dried by using the waste heat of the flue gas discharged from a furnace generated in the subsequent roasting process and the flue gas reburning process thereof to reduce the water content of the particulate matter to below 5%; the dried particles are sent to a roasting furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 450-600 ℃, the roasting time is 8-15 min, the roasting process is carried out under the weak reduction condition, the oxygen content of the flue gas in volume at the tail end of a roasting section is 1-3%, and the roasted solid product is processed into granular or powdery active desulfurizer according to the specific desulfurization (including in-furnace desulfurization and flue gas desulfurization) process requirements; the flue gas generated by roasting is heated to 800-1000 ℃ by supplementing fuel and air, and the retention time is 2-5 s; flue gas discharged from the last process is used for drying the particulate matters, the flue gas is treated by the prior art, the particulate matters are finally discharged after reaching standards, and dust collected by flue gas treatment returns to the integrated device.
The invention aims to realize that after the fly ash and the water enter the integrated device, the fly ash and the water are additionally crushed and stirred under the pushing of a screw machine, so that the soluble salt in the fly ash is subjected to a dissolving reaction, and the process is accelerated by utilizing ultrasonic waves, so that the soluble salt is fully dissolved, and favorable conditions are created for the subsequent residue treatment. In the integrated device, the solid phase and the liquid phase move reversely, so that the water balance of the whole system can be guaranteed, the content of soluble salts in residues can be fully reduced, the salt concentration of the produced solution can be improved, and the energy consumption of subsequent solution treatment can be reduced. The liquid phase produced by the integrated device is subjected to fine filtration, and the aim is to ensure the quality of subsequent products.
Adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate into the solution, passing through CaCl2+Na2SO4=CaSO4+2NaCl or CaCl2+Na2CO3 =CaCO3+2NaCl, Ca in solution2+And removing the NaCl and KCl to ensure the quality of the subsequent NaCl and KCl mixed salt.
The residue of integrated device output carries out mechanical dehydration, falls to the residue moisture content below 40%, guarantees that the granulation process can go on smoothly, reduces stoving process and calcination process energy consumption simultaneously, and then guarantees that the calcination process obtains necessary temperature easily.
The granulation process not only greatly reduces the dust generation amount in the subsequent roasting process, but also releases organic matters in fine particles, particularly the components of the products of dioxin cracking, and is beneficial to thoroughly removing in the subsequent combustion process. Adding quicklime during the granulation process, wherein the quicklime has the effect of passing through CaO + H2O=Ca(OH)2Reducing the water content of the particulate matter and passing Ca (OH)2+CO2=CaCO3+H2The O reaction utilizes CO generated in the roasting process2Formation of CaCO3The curability of the roasted product is increased, and the dust generation amount in the process is reduced; by using Ca (OH)2+Me2+=MeO+Ca2++H2The O reaction solidifies heavy metals (Me). And further passivating the MeO in the subsequent roasting process to reduce the solubility of the MeO and ensure that the active desulfurizer produced in the subsequent process can be safely used.
The roasting is carried out under the weak reduction condition, so that the evaporation and the cracking of organic matters, particularly dioxin components in the particles can be ensured, and the dioxin and precursors thereof are removed in the subsequent high-temperature gas phase combustion process to eliminate the harm of the dioxin and the precursors.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the outstanding advantages that the dangerous solid waste, namely the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage, is changed into valuable, the resource is fully utilized, the high-quality light calcium carbonate, gypsum, potassium-sodium mixed salt and active desulfurizer products are produced, the harm of the fly ash to the ecological environment is eliminated, and the method has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1: 100kg of fly ash (main components: 37.08% of Ca37, 14.51% of Cl14, 4.17% of Na4, 2.60% of K and 35.53% of O) is treated and integrated into a wholePerforming treatment (15 min, normal temperature, the mass of added water is 2.5 times of that of the fly ash calculated by dry basis, and the ultrasonic input power is 3kW per cubic meter of slurry); subjecting the integrated device to fine filtration, sodium sulfate precipitation (theoretical addition amount, normal temperature, 5 min), washing precipitate and oven drying to obtain Gypsum Fibrosum (CaSO)4.2H2O) 13.1 kg; evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing and drying the solution after calcium removal to obtain 14.7kg of mixed salt of NaCl and KCl; the residue produced by the integrated device is subjected to filter pressing dehydration (the water content of the dehydrated residue is 39.6%), and the residue is subjected to the processes of proportioning (the residue is 85% in dry basis and 15% in quicklime), granulation (5 mm-20 mm), drying and roasting (the temperature is 450-600 ℃, the time is 8min, and the oxygen content of flue gas at the tail end of a roasting section is 1-3% in volume), so that 75.2kg of active desulfurizer raw material is obtained.
Example 2: 100kg of fly ash (the main components are Ca39.64%, Cl11.85%, Na4.56%, K2.32% and O38.94%) is treated by an integrated device (8 min, normal temperature, the adding mass of water is 1.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis, and the ultrasonic input power is 1kW per cubic meter of slurry); the liquid produced by the integrated device is subjected to fine filtration, sodium carbonate precipitation (theoretical addition, normal temperature, 15min, sodium carbonate solution concentration of 250 g/L), washing and drying of precipitate, and the light calcium carbonate is 3.59 kg; evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing and drying the solution after calcium removal to obtain 15.2kg of mixed salt of NaCl and KCl; the residue produced by the integrated device is subjected to centrifugal dehydration (the water content of the dehydrated residue is 35.6%), and the residue is subjected to the processes of proportioning (95% of the residue and 5% of quicklime by dry basis), granulating (5 mm-20 mm), drying and roasting (450-600 ℃, 15min and the volume of the oxygen content of the flue gas at the tail end of a roasting section is 1-3%) to obtain 71.3kg of an active desulfurizer raw material.

Claims (1)

1. A comprehensive utilization method of fly ash produced by burning domestic garbage is characterized in that fly ash and water are continuously fed into an integrated device with functions of crushing, dissolving, washing and solid-liquid separation, in the device, a solid phase and a liquid phase move in opposite directions, wherein the solid phase is pushed by a screw machine, the liquid phase is pushed by gravity, the adding position of the water is 30-50 cm before a residue discharging position, the integrated device is assisted with an ultrasonic wave reinforced mass transfer process, the ultrasonic wave power supply power of the effective volume of each cubic meter of the integrated device is 1-3 kW, the whole process is carried out at normal temperature for 8-15 min, and the adding mass of the water is 1.5-3.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis; liquid-phase products separated from a fly ash inlet end of the integrated device through a filter screen are subjected to fine filtration, and fine filter residues and fly ash are added into the integrated device; sending the liquid phase generated by fine filtration into a precipitation reactor for precipitation reaction, adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate for precipitation reaction, wherein the precipitation reaction is carried out at normal temperature for 5-15 min, the sodium sulfate is added in a solid (not limited to solid) form under the stirring condition, the adding amount is the theoretical adding amount, the sodium carbonate is added in a mist solution form with the concentration of 250-500 g/L under the stirring condition, the particle size of the mist drops of the sodium carbonate solution is less than 50 microns, and the adding amount of the sodium carbonate is 100.00-100.02% of the theoretical amount; after the precipitation reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing on the precipitate generated by separation, wherein the mass of washing water is 1.5-2.0 times of that of the precipitate on a dry basis, returning the washing water to the integrated device, and drying the washed precipitate by adopting the prior art to obtain a gypsum or light calcium carbonate product; the solution generated in the last solid-liquid separation process is subjected to evaporation concentration, crystallization and crystal drying by adopting the prior art to obtain a NaCl and KCl mixed salt product, and the product can be directly sold as a product and can be further separated into NaCl and KCl products; mechanically dehydrating the residue discharged from the fly ash residue discharge port of the integrated device to reduce the water content of the residue to below 40%, and returning water generated in the dehydration process to the integrated device; mixing the residue after mechanical dehydration with quicklime powder and granulating, wherein the granulation ratio is 85-95% of the residue and 5-15% of the quicklime powder on a dry basis respectively, the diameter of the produced particulate matter is 3-20 mm, and the particulate matter is dried by using the waste heat of the flue gas discharged from a furnace generated in the subsequent roasting process and the flue gas reburning process thereof to reduce the water content of the particulate matter to below 5%; the dried particles are sent to a roasting furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 450-600 ℃, the roasting time is 8-15 min, the roasting process is carried out under the weak reduction condition, the oxygen content of the flue gas in volume at the tail end of a roasting section is 1-3%, and the roasted solid product is processed into granular or powdery active desulfurizer according to the specific desulfurization (including in-furnace desulfurization and flue gas desulfurization) process requirements; the flue gas generated by roasting is heated to 800-1000 ℃ by supplementing fuel and air, and the retention time is 2-5 s; flue gas discharged from the last process is used for drying the particulate matters, the flue gas is treated by the prior art, the particulate matters are finally discharged after reaching standards, and dust collected by flue gas treatment returns to the integrated device.
CN202010636411.5A 2020-07-05 2020-07-05 Comprehensive utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash Withdrawn CN113955791A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117046865A (en) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 杭州尚善若水环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing in-furnace desulfurization and denitrification medicament by utilizing waste incineration fly ash

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104084415A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-08 天津壹鸣环境工程有限公司 Technology for reducing waste incineration fly ash via water logging pretreatment
CN107477597A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-12-15 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 A kind of method of the stable harmless treatment of incineration of refuse flyash
CN108483958A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 山东大学 A kind of resource utilization method of incineration of refuse flyash and Industrial Solid Waste
CN109133472A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 丁仲军 Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process
CN109396163A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-03-01 杭州秀澈环保科技有限公司 A kind of garbage flying ash treatment process improving chloride ion dissolution rate
CN110040748A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-23 中国中材国际工程股份有限公司 Utilize the method for incineration of refuse flyash production sylvite and sodium salt

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104084415A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-08 天津壹鸣环境工程有限公司 Technology for reducing waste incineration fly ash via water logging pretreatment
CN107477597A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-12-15 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 A kind of method of the stable harmless treatment of incineration of refuse flyash
CN108483958A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 山东大学 A kind of resource utilization method of incineration of refuse flyash and Industrial Solid Waste
CN109133472A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 丁仲军 Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process
CN109396163A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-03-01 杭州秀澈环保科技有限公司 A kind of garbage flying ash treatment process improving chloride ion dissolution rate
CN110040748A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-23 中国中材国际工程股份有限公司 Utilize the method for incineration of refuse flyash production sylvite and sodium salt

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117046865A (en) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 杭州尚善若水环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing in-furnace desulfurization and denitrification medicament by utilizing waste incineration fly ash
CN117046865B (en) * 2023-10-11 2024-01-23 杭州尚善若水环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing in-furnace desulfurization and denitrification medicament by utilizing waste incineration fly ash

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Application publication date: 20220121