CN113912100A - Resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash - Google Patents

Resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113912100A
CN113912100A CN202010665803.4A CN202010665803A CN113912100A CN 113912100 A CN113912100 A CN 113912100A CN 202010665803 A CN202010665803 A CN 202010665803A CN 113912100 A CN113912100 A CN 113912100A
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China
Prior art keywords
fly ash
integrated device
roasting
solid
water
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Withdrawn
Application number
CN202010665803.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨茂华
陈雨艳
杨利方
龙炳清
杨秀勇
何建华
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Sichuan Weisheng Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Sichuan Weisheng Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010665803.4A priority Critical patent/CN113912100A/en
Publication of CN113912100A publication Critical patent/CN113912100A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/46Sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04Chlorides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/18Carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/001Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention introduces a resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of separating soluble salt, converting calcium in the soluble salt into light calcium carbonate or gypsum, and producing potassium chloride and sodium chloride mixed salt in the rest steps; the residue is granulated, dried, roasted and passivated to produce light filler.

Description

Resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash.
Background
The incineration of household garbage (including power generation) is the main development trend of household garbage treatment. In the process of incineration treatment of the household garbage, a large amount of fly ash is inevitably generated. The fly ash contains dioxin and heavy metals, is a dangerous solid waste, and causes serious pollution to the ecological environment if discharged into the environment. The main methods for treating fly ash at present are safe landfill, cement solidification and the like. The former occupies a large amount of land and still has environmental risk factors; in the latter, due to the presence of a large amount of soluble salts, the cured product is unstable and difficult to be effectively utilized, and the storage thereof also has the risk of environmental safety. The existing treatment method basically belongs to harmless treatment. The fly ash contains a large amount of useful substances, is a valuable resource, has great value in developing a fly ash resource utilization method, and is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in China and even in the world at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the fly ash treatment method generated by the current household garbage incineration, the invention aims to find a high-efficiency and economic fly ash resource utilization method, which is characterized in that fly ash and water are continuously fed into an integrated device with the functions of crushing, dissolving, washing and solid-liquid separation, in the device, a solid phase and a liquid phase move in opposite directions, wherein the solid phase is pushed by a screw machine, the liquid phase is pushed by gravity, the adding position of the water is 30-50 cm before the residue discharging position, the integrated device is assisted with an ultrasonic wave reinforced mass transfer process, the ultrasonic wave power supply power of each cubic meter of the effective volume of the integrated device is 1-3 kW, the whole process is carried out at normal temperature for 8-15 min, and the adding mass of the water is 1.5-3.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis; liquid-phase products separated from a fly ash inlet end of the integrated device through a filter screen are subjected to fine filtration, and fine filter residues and fly ash are added into the integrated device; sending the liquid phase generated by fine filtration into a precipitation reactor for precipitation reaction, adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate for precipitation reaction, wherein the precipitation reaction is carried out at normal temperature for 5-15 min, the sodium sulfate is added in a solid (not limited to solid) form under the stirring condition, the adding amount is the theoretical adding amount, the sodium carbonate is added in a mist solution form with the concentration of 250-500 g/L under the stirring condition, the particle size of the mist drops of the sodium carbonate solution is less than 50 microns, and the adding amount of the sodium carbonate is 100.00-100.02% of the theoretical amount; after the precipitation reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing on the precipitate generated by separation, wherein the mass of washing water is 1.5-2.0 times of that of the precipitate on a dry basis, returning the washing water to the integrated device, and drying the washed precipitate by adopting the prior art to obtain a gypsum or light calcium carbonate product; the solution generated in the last solid-liquid separation process is subjected to evaporation concentration, crystallization and crystal drying by adopting the prior art to obtain a NaCl and KCl mixed salt product, and the product can be directly sold as a product and can be further separated into NaCl and KCl products; mechanically dehydrating the residue discharged from the fly ash residue discharge port of the integrated device to reduce the water content of the residue to be below 40%, and returning water generated in the dehydration process to the integrated device; mixing and granulating the residues after mechanical dehydration with clay, coal powder and silicon dioxide powder, wherein the granulation ratio is 40-55% of the residues, 15-25% of the clay, 5-10% of the coal powder and 15-25% of the silicon dioxide powder on a dry basis, the diameter of the manufactured particles is 0.5-3.0 mm, the particles are dried by using secondary waste heat after waste heat is used by using flue gas discharged from a furnace generated in the subsequent roasting process through a passivation device, and the water content of the particles is reduced to be below 5%; the dried particles are sent to a roasting furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 800-1200 ℃, and the roasting time is 4-10 min; the roasted product enters a passivation device and stays for 40-80 min at 600-800 ℃ to obtain a light filler product, and the passivation device compensates the heat dissipation of the device by using all the roasting smoke; after the flue gas that is discharged from the passivating device is used for aforementioned particulate matter dry, utilize prior art to handle, discharge to reach standard finally, the dust that the flue gas was handled and is collected returns aforementioned integrated device.
The invention aims to realize that after the fly ash and the water enter the integrated device, the fly ash and the water are additionally crushed and stirred under the pushing of a screw machine, so that the soluble salt in the fly ash is subjected to a dissolving reaction, and the process is accelerated by utilizing ultrasonic waves, so that the soluble salt is fully dissolved, and favorable conditions are created for the subsequent residue treatment. In the integrated device, the solid phase and the liquid phase move reversely, so that the water balance of the whole system can be guaranteed, the content of soluble salts in residues can be fully reduced, the salt concentration of the produced solution can be improved, and the energy consumption of subsequent solution treatment can be reduced. The liquid phase produced by the integrated device is subjected to fine filtration, and the aim is to ensure the quality of subsequent products.
Adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate into the solution, passing through CaCl2+Na2SO4=CaSO4+2NaCl or CaCl2+Na2CO3 =CaCO3+2NaCl, Ca in solution2+And removing the NaCl and KCl to ensure the quality of the subsequent NaCl and KCl mixed salt.
The residue of integrated device output carries out mechanical dehydration, falls to the residue moisture content below 40%, firstly guarantees that the granulation process can go on smoothly, reduces stoving process and calcination process energy consumption simultaneously, and then guarantees that the calcination process obtains the necessary temperature of thoroughly decomposing powder sintering, heavy metal passivation in dioxin and precursor, the particulate matter. The subsequent passivation process ensures that the powder sintering and heavy metal passivation in the particles are more sufficient and thorough.
Granulation can not only greatly reduce the dust generation amount in the subsequent roasting process, but also fully contact fine particles, and create favorable conditions for sintering, thereby obtaining a high-quality light filler product.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the outstanding advantages that the method can realize the full resource utilization of the fly ash generated by the incineration of the household garbage, produce high-quality light calcium carbonate, gypsum and light filler products, eliminate the harm of the fly ash to the ecological environment and have obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1: 100kg fly ash (main components: Ca 37.08%, Cl 14.51%, Na 4.17%, K2.60%, O35.53%) is treated by an integrated device (15 min, normal temperature, the added mass of water is 2.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis, and the ultrasonic input power is 3kW per cubic meter of slurry); subjecting the integrated device to fine filtration, sodium sulfate precipitation (theoretical addition amount, normal temperature, 5 min), washing precipitate and oven drying to obtain Gypsum Fibrosum (CaSO)4.2H2O) 13.7kg, evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing and drying crystals of the solution after calcium removal to obtain 14.2kg of NaCl and KCl mixed salt, filter-pressing and dehydrating the residue produced by the integrated device (the water content of the dehydrated residue is 37.2 percent), and carrying out the processes of proportioning (40 percent of the residue, 25 percent of clay, 10 percent of coal powder and 25 percent of silicon dioxide powder on a dry basis), granulating (0.5-3 mm), drying, roasting (800-1200 ℃, 4 min) and passivating (600-800 ℃, 40 min) on the residue to obtain the lightweight filler (the bulk density is 0.67 t/m)3)160.4kg。
Example 2: 100kg fly ash (main components: Ca 39.64%, Cl 11.85%, Na 4.56%, K2.32%, O38.94%) is treated by an integrated device (8 min, normal temperature, the added mass of water is 1.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis, and the ultrasonic input power is 1kW per cubic meter of slurry); the method comprises the steps of fine filtering, sodium carbonate precipitation (theoretical addition amount, normal temperature, 15min, sodium carbonate solution concentration of 250 g/L), washing and drying precipitates to obtain 3.63kg of light calcium carbonate, evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing and drying crystals of the solution after calcium removal to obtain 14.9kg of NaCl and KCl mixed salt, centrifugally dewatering the residue (the water content of the residue after dewatering is 34.2%), preparing the residue (55% of residue, 20% of clay, 5% of coal powder and 20% of silicon dioxide powder), granulating (0.5 mm-3 mm), drying, roasting (800-1200 ℃, 10 min) and passivating (600-800 ℃, 80 min) to obtain the light filler (the bulk density is 0.81 t/m)3)123.2kg。

Claims (1)

1. A resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash is characterized in that fly ash and water are continuously fed into an integrated device with functions of crushing, dissolving, washing and solid-liquid separation, in the device, a solid phase and a liquid phase move in opposite directions, wherein the solid phase is pushed by a screw machine, the liquid phase is pushed by gravity, the adding position of the water is 30-50 cm before a residue discharging position, an ultrasonic wave reinforced mass transfer process is assisted by the integrated device, the ultrasonic wave power supply power of the effective volume of each cubic meter of the integrated device is 1-3 kW, the whole process is carried out at normal temperature for 8-15 min, and the adding mass of the water is 1.5-3.5 times of the mass of the fly ash calculated by dry basis; liquid-phase products separated from a fly ash inlet end of the integrated device through a filter screen are subjected to fine filtration, and fine filter residues and fly ash are added into the integrated device; sending the liquid phase generated by fine filtration into a precipitation reactor for precipitation reaction, adding sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate for precipitation reaction, wherein the precipitation reaction is carried out at normal temperature for 5-15 min, the sodium sulfate is added in a solid (not limited to solid) form under the stirring condition, the adding amount is the theoretical adding amount, the sodium carbonate is added in a mist solution form with the concentration of 250-500 g/L under the stirring condition, the particle size of the mist drops of the sodium carbonate solution is less than 50 microns, and the adding amount of the sodium carbonate is 100.00-100.02% of the theoretical amount; after the precipitation reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing on the precipitate generated by separation, wherein the mass of washing water is 1.5-2.0 times of that of the precipitate on a dry basis, returning the washing water to the integrated device, and drying the washed precipitate by adopting the prior art to obtain a gypsum or light calcium carbonate product; the solution generated in the last solid-liquid separation process is subjected to evaporation concentration, crystallization and crystal drying by adopting the prior art to obtain a NaCl and KCl mixed salt product, and the product can be directly sold as a product and can be further separated into NaCl and KCl products; mechanically dehydrating the residue discharged from the fly ash residue discharge port of the integrated device to reduce the water content of the residue to be below 40%, and returning water generated in the dehydration process to the integrated device; mixing and granulating the residues after mechanical dehydration with clay, coal powder and silicon dioxide powder, wherein the granulation ratio is 40-55% of the residues, 15-25% of the clay, 5-10% of the coal powder and 15-25% of the silicon dioxide powder on a dry basis, the diameter of the manufactured particles is 0.5-3.0 mm, the particles are dried by using secondary waste heat after waste heat is used by using flue gas discharged from a furnace generated in the subsequent roasting process through a passivation device, and the water content of the particles is reduced to be below 5%; the dried particles are sent to a roasting furnace for roasting, the roasting temperature is 800-1200 ℃, and the roasting time is 4-10 min; the roasted product enters a passivation device and stays for 40-80 min at 600-800 ℃ to obtain a light filler product, and the passivation device compensates the heat dissipation of the device by using all the roasting smoke; after the flue gas that is discharged from the passivating device is used for aforementioned particulate matter dry, utilize prior art to handle, discharge to reach standard finally, the dust that the flue gas was handled and is collected returns aforementioned integrated device.
CN202010665803.4A 2020-07-11 2020-07-11 Resource utilization method of household garbage incineration fly ash Withdrawn CN113912100A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116770440A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-09-19 杭州灰弘环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing xonotlite whisker by taking household garbage incineration fly ash as raw material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104084415A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-08 天津壹鸣环境工程有限公司 Technology for reducing waste incineration fly ash via water logging pretreatment
CN107477597A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-12-15 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 A kind of method of the stable harmless treatment of incineration of refuse flyash
CN108483958A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 山东大学 A kind of resource utilization method of incineration of refuse flyash and Industrial Solid Waste
CN109133472A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 丁仲军 Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process
CN109396163A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-03-01 杭州秀澈环保科技有限公司 A kind of garbage flying ash treatment process improving chloride ion dissolution rate
CN110040748A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-23 中国中材国际工程股份有限公司 Utilize the method for incineration of refuse flyash production sylvite and sodium salt

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104084415A (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-10-08 天津壹鸣环境工程有限公司 Technology for reducing waste incineration fly ash via water logging pretreatment
CN107477597A (en) * 2017-08-15 2017-12-15 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 A kind of method of the stable harmless treatment of incineration of refuse flyash
CN108483958A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 山东大学 A kind of resource utilization method of incineration of refuse flyash and Industrial Solid Waste
CN109133472A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-04 丁仲军 Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process
CN109396163A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-03-01 杭州秀澈环保科技有限公司 A kind of garbage flying ash treatment process improving chloride ion dissolution rate
CN110040748A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-23 中国中材国际工程股份有限公司 Utilize the method for incineration of refuse flyash production sylvite and sodium salt

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116770440A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-09-19 杭州灰弘环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing xonotlite whisker by taking household garbage incineration fly ash as raw material
CN116770440B (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-12-08 杭州灰弘环保科技有限公司 Method for preparing xonotlite whisker by taking household garbage incineration fly ash as raw material

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