CN114182103A - Method for resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash through cooperative treatment - Google Patents
Method for resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash through cooperative treatment Download PDFInfo
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash, which adopts a pyrolysis cooperative harmless treatment technology to separate aluminum ash from ash, wherein metal aluminum can be sold through casting to produce finished aluminum ingots; the separated ash slag is proportioned, homogenized and roasted to generate alumina, and the alumina and fly ash are cooperatively mixed to produce finished high-alumina cement, so that the finished high-alumina cement is recycled. The investment of cooperative disposal is small, the disposal is more thorough and efficient, and the market space of the final product is large; the process is simple, the whole operation is safe and reliable, no secondary pollution is caused, the gas, liquid and solid components in the secondary aluminum ash treatment process are utilized in a gradient full-quantification manner, and the product cleanness and value increment and waste zero discharge are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment of aluminum ash fly ash, and relates to a resource utilization method for cooperative treatment of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash.
Background
Since the new edition of national records of dangerous waste promulgated and implemented in 2021, the incidents of stealing, dumping, resale, illegal storage, burning and explosion and pollution of aluminum ash still frequently occur, and the problems of disposal and utilization of aluminum ash have become common problems for enterprises.
At present, the treatment mode of the aluminum ash is mainly stockpiling, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and harmful substances (particularly fluorine) contained in the aluminum ash pose serious threats to the health of human bodies and the safety of ecological environment. Therefore, the improvement of the comprehensive utilization rate of the aluminum ash and the realization of the recovery and resource utilization of the valuable components of the aluminum ash are the requirements of implementing the policies of circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction and are also important guarantee measures for building ecological civilization.
The disposal and resource utilization of the high-salt and high-nitrogen secondary aluminum regeneration ash derived after aluminum regeneration ash is extracted for multiple times are the biggest problems in the industry at present, and no scientific, mature and economic disposal and utilization technology exists.
The primary aluminum ash is aluminum ash with the extraction value of metal aluminum, is generally grey white, mainly comprises metal aluminum, aluminum oxide and partial salts added in the smelting process, and the content of aluminum is generally 15-50%. The secondary aluminum ash is generally gray black, is a remainder after the primary aluminum ash is subjected to aluminum extraction, and mainly comprises 5-20% of aluminum, 30-70% of aluminum oxide, 10-30% of salts and other components. The secondary aluminum ash is the residue of the primary aluminum ash after extracting the metal aluminum, and can be divided into primary aluminum ash and secondary aluminum ash according to the treatment process of the aluminum ash.
The secondary aluminum ash is very large in amount, so that the secondary aluminum ash is accumulated to occupy land, seriously pollute the environment and the like, but the content of aluminum oxide in the secondary aluminum ash accounts for 60-70%, and some aluminum ash is even as high as 80-90% and is higher than that of aluminum oxide in bauxite, so that the secondary aluminum ash is even unfortunately treated as garbage.
Aluminum ash (slag) produced by most aluminum enterprises is in a high-load stockpiling state at present, and the storage is urgently needed to be disposed and consumed by utilizing technology. The existing aluminum ash comprehensive utilization technology mainly focuses on recycling metal aluminum, and the residual aluminum ash is accumulated or buried, so that not only is resource waste caused, but also a serious environmental problem is brought. Only a small part of the waste water is subjected to harmless treatment, so that the waste water is effectively utilized as resources.
Fly ash is classified as hazardous waste by the national records of dangerous waste because it contains a small amount of dioxin and toxic heavy metal substances. At present, fly ash is mainly disposed by adopting a safe landfill mode, but the fly ash has the problems of difficult site selection, limited storage capacity, high construction cost, environmental pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a resource utilization method for the cooperative treatment of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, washing and dewatering: washing the fly ash with water, dehydrating for later use to obtain filter residue for later use;
step two, extracting metal aluminum: grinding and sieving primary aluminum ash to obtain oversize products and undersize products, adding an inorganic salt flux into a smelting furnace, heating to liquefy the inorganic salt flux, then sending the oversize products into the smelting furnace, melting metal aluminum in the smelting furnace in a high-temperature environment, and then cooling to prepare aluminum ingots for sale;
step three, alkaline hydrolysis reaction: mixing the undersize product with NaOH solution, reacting under stirring to generate ammonia gas, reacting for a certain time to obtain F+And NH4 +The slurry is fully removed to obtain the slurry after complete reaction;
step four, ammonia gas recovery: spraying and absorbing the generated ammonia gas to prepare ammonia water, and taking the residual non-condensable gas CH4、H2Feeding the mixture into a high-temperature calcining furnace to be burnt out;
step five, acidolysis reaction: dehydrating the slurry completely reacted in the third step, circularly using the dehydrated waste liquid in the third step, adding the dehydrated waste residue into a hydrochloric acid solution for reaction for a certain time to remove Ca2+，Mg2+，；
Step six, washing and dehydrating: adding water into the waste residue after the reaction with the hydrochloric acid solution for cleaning, dehydrating the cleaned waste residue for later use, and recycling the dehydrated filtrate as acid solution for acidolysis;
step seven, mixing and stirring: directly and mechanically mixing the dehydrated waste residue with the filter residue obtained in the step one according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;
step eight, high-temperature calcination: and (3) feeding the mixed raw materials into a high-temperature calcining furnace to calcine to prepare the high-alumina cement.
And in the second step, the primary aluminum ash is ground and sieved, and a sieve mesh used for sieving is 60-80 meshes.
And the inorganic salt flux used in the second step is a mixed solution of a potassium chloride solution and a sodium chloride solution, wherein the volume ratio of the potassium chloride solution to the sodium chloride solution is 1: 4.
In the third step, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10-20%; the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-110 ℃; the volume ratio of the undersize product to the NaOH solution is 1: 1-2.
In the fifth step, the volume ratio of the waste residue to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1: 1-2; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 10-20%; the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-110 ℃; the reaction time is controlled to be 2-4 h.
And in the sixth step, the water content of the dehydrated waste residue is controlled to be below 40%.
Wherein, in the seventh step, AL is contained in the cleaned waste residue2O3The content of (A) is more than 85%; and mechanically mixing the dehydrated waste residue with the filter residue obtained in the step one according to the component ratio of 1: 1-2.
Wherein in the eighth step, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1200-1800 ℃, and the calcination time is 1-6 h.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash adopts a cooperative harmless treatment technology to separate the aluminum ash from the ash, wherein the metal aluminum can be sold through casting to produce finished aluminum ingots (blocks); the separated ash slag is proportioned, homogenized and roasted to generate alumina, and the alumina and fly ash are cooperatively mixed to produce finished high-alumina cement, so that the finished high-alumina cement is recycled. The investment of cooperative disposal is small, the disposal is more thorough and efficient, and the market space of the final product is large; the process is simple, the whole operation is safe and reliable, no secondary pollution is caused, the gas, liquid and solid components in the secondary aluminum ash treatment process are utilized in a gradient full-quantification manner, and the product cleanness and value increment and waste zero discharge are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a resource utilization method for cooperative treatment of aluminum ash and domestic garbage incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of washing fly ash with water, wherein the washed fly ash mainly comprises 1-3% of ferric oxide, 3-5% of aluminum oxide, 2-5% of magnesium oxide, 30-70% of calcium oxide, 1-3% of silicon oxide and 1-7% of the rest. Extracting metal aluminum from the aluminum ash, and further performing alkaline hydrolysis reaction, acidolysis reaction and water washing, wherein the main component of the aluminum ash after water washing is aluminum oxide (more than 85%). The two components are mixed and then calcined at high temperature to generate high-alumina cement, and sintering tail gas is purified by dust removal and dry defluorination to reach the emission standard. The technology of the invention can safely, cleanly and efficiently treat the fly ash and the aluminum ash from the incineration of the household garbage, convert the fly ash and the aluminum ash into high-value high-aluminum cement to the utmost extent, and really realize the environment-friendly treatment and the high-value resource utilization of the fly ash and the aluminum ash from the incineration of the household garbage.
Because the main component of the fly ash is calcium oxide, the fly ash is digested by a method of treating solid waste by cooperating with aluminum ash, thereby really realizing the reduction, reclamation and harmlessness of the fly ash.
The main treatment method of the fly ash washing waste liquid is to remove heavy metal ions in the filtrate by adding sodium sulfide, ferrous sulfate, sodium sulfate and other medicaments. Producing industrial by-product gypsum, and producing sodium chloride and potassium chloride products by evaporating and separating salt.
The primary aluminum ash contains a large amount of metallic aluminum (15-75%), and needs to be recycled. At present, the technology for recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash is mature, the methods such as an ash frying method, a rotary kiln method, a cooling and screening method and the like are mainly adopted, and the recovery rate is generally over 70 percent.
The simple substance aluminum in the aluminum ash reacts with NaOH solution to generate hydrogen H2The simple substance aluminum is oxidized into sodium metaaluminate, and the aluminum carbide and the aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash react with NaOH solution to respectively generate methane CH4And ammonia NH3Then reacting with hydrochloric acid solution to remove Ca in the slurry2+，Mg2+And calcining the filtered aluminum hydroxide at high temperature to dehydrate to obtain the alpha-aluminum oxide. The high-alumina cement can be generated by mixing the fly ash with the washed fly ash and then calcining the mixture at high temperature. For high alumina cement of first grade, Al is required2O3The content of (A) is more than 73%(ii) a For high alumina cement of which the grade is second grade, Al is required2O3The content of (A) is more than 71%.
Example 1:
a method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
aluminum ash treatment:
sieving the primary aluminum ash by using a 60-mesh sieve, and taking undersize products, namely secondary aluminum ash for later use;
adding the undersize product into 10% NaOH solution for water washing hydrolysis reaction, and controlling the temperature at 90 ℃;
fully reacting at normal pressure, and reacting simple substance aluminum in the aluminum ash with 10% NaOH solution to generate hydrogen H2The simple substance aluminum is oxidized into sodium metaaluminate, and the aluminum carbide and the aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash react with 10 percent NaOH solution to respectively generate methane CH4And ammonia NH3Absorbing and condensing the generated ammonia gas into ammonia water under the stirring condition until no bubbles are generated, and remaining non-condensable gas CH4、H2Burning out;
filtering the slurry after the reaction is completed to obtain waste residues and filtrate;
the waste residue is washed once by water with the volume 1 time of that of the waste residue, and the washing temperature is 90 ℃. Filtering after washing with water, wherein the filtrate is used as water for preparing the next batch of the NaoH solution;
pickling the waste residues after water washing by using HCl solution with the concentration of 15 percent, which is 1 time of the volume of the waste residues, wherein the pickling temperature is 90 ℃;
pickling and filtering the filtrate for later use, and cleaning the waste residues once by using water with the volume 1 time that of the waste residues;
using the filtrate as water for preparing the next batch of acid washing solution;
washing the waste residue with 1.5 times of water for three times, drying the washed waste residue and detecting Al in the waste residue2O3The content of (A);
treating fly ash:
washing and dehydrating the fly ash to obtain filter residue;
preparing high-alumina cement:
mixing the fly ash filter residue and the treated aluminum ash waste residue according to the ratio of 1:1, and calcining at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ to prepare the high-alumina cement.
Example 2:
aluminum ash treatment:
grinding the aluminum ash for the first time, sieving by using a 70-mesh sieve, and taking undersize for later use;
adding the undersize product into 15% NaOH solution for water washing hydrolysis reaction, and controlling the temperature at 95 ℃;
fully reacting at normal pressure, and reacting simple substance aluminum in the aluminum ash with 15% NaOH solution to generate hydrogen H2The simple substance aluminum is oxidized into sodium metaaluminate, and the aluminum carbide and the aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash react with 15 percent NaOH solution to respectively generate methane CH4And ammonia NH3Absorbing and condensing the generated ammonia gas into ammonia water under the stirring condition until no bubbles are generated, and remaining non-condensable gas CH4、H2Introducing into a secondary combustion chamber for burning;
filtering the slurry after the reaction is completed to obtain waste residues and filtrate;
the waste residue is washed once by water with the volume 1.5 times of the waste residue, and the washing temperature is 95 ℃. Filtering after washing with water, wherein the filtrate is used as water for preparing the next batch of the NaoH solution;
pickling the waste residues after water washing by using 1.5 times of 15% HCl solution with the concentration of 95 ℃ by using a gas machine;
pickling and filtering the filtrate for later use, and cleaning the waste residues once by using water with the volume 1.5 times of that of the waste residues;
using the filtrate as water for preparing the next batch of acid washing solution;
washing the washed waste residue with 2 times of water for three times, drying the washed waste residue for later use and detecting Al in the washed waste residue2O3The content of (A);
treating fly ash:
washing and dehydrating the fly ash to obtain filter residue;
preparing high-alumina cement:
mixing the fly ash filter residue and the treated aluminum ash waste residue according to the ratio of 1:1.2, and calcining at 1350 ℃ to prepare the high-alumina cement.
Example 3:
grinding the aluminum ash for the first time, sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve, and taking undersize for later use;
adding the undersize product into 20% NaOH solution to carry out water washing hydrolysis reaction, and controlling the temperature at 100 ℃;
fully reacting at normal pressure, and reacting simple substance aluminum in the aluminum ash with 20% NaOH solution to generate hydrogen H2The simple substance aluminum is oxidized into sodium metaaluminate, and the aluminum carbide and the aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash react with 20 percent NaOH solution to respectively generate methane CH4And ammonia NH3Absorbing and condensing the generated ammonia gas into ammonia water under the stirring condition until no bubbles are generated, and remaining non-condensable gas CH4、H2Introducing into a secondary combustion chamber for burning;
filtering the slurry after the reaction is completed to obtain waste residues and filtrate;
the waste residue is washed once by using water with the volume 2 times of the waste residue, and the washing temperature is 100 ℃. Filtering after washing with water, wherein the filtrate is used as water for preparing the next batch of the NaoH solution;
pickling the waste residues after water washing by using HCl solution with the concentration of 15 percent, which is 2 times of the volume of the waste residues, wherein the pickling temperature is 95 ℃;
the filtered solution is reserved after acid washing and filtering, and the waste residue is washed once by water with the volume 2 times of that of the waste residue;
using the filtrate as water for preparing the next batch of acid washing solution;
washing the waste residue with 3 times of water for three times, drying the waste residue, and detecting Al in the waste residue2O3The content of (A);
treating fly ash:
washing and dehydrating the fly ash to obtain filter residue;
preparing high-alumina cement:
mixing the fly ash filter residue and the treated aluminum ash waste residue according to the ratio of 1:1.5, and calcining at the high temperature of 1400 ℃ to prepare the high-alumina cement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of aluminum ash and household garbage incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, washing and dewatering: washing the fly ash with water, and dehydrating to obtain filter residue for later use;
step two, extracting metal aluminum: grinding and sieving primary aluminum ash to obtain oversize products and undersize products, adding an inorganic salt flux into a smelting furnace, heating to liquefy the inorganic salt flux, then sending the oversize products into the smelting furnace, melting metal aluminum in the smelting furnace in a high-temperature environment, and then cooling to prepare aluminum ingots for sale;
step three, alkaline hydrolysis reaction: mixing the undersize product with NaOH solution, reacting under stirring to generate ammonia gas, reacting for a certain time to obtain F+And NH4 +The slurry is fully removed to obtain the slurry after complete reaction;
step four, ammonia gas recovery: spraying and absorbing the generated ammonia gas to prepare ammonia water, and taking the residual non-condensable gas CH4、H2Feeding the mixture into a high-temperature calcining furnace to be burnt out;
step five, acidolysis reaction: dehydrating the slurry completely reacted in the third step, circularly using the dehydrated waste liquid in the third step, adding the dehydrated waste residue into a hydrochloric acid solution for reaction for a certain time to remove Ca2+，Mg2+，；
Step six, washing and dehydrating: adding water into the waste residue after the reaction with the hydrochloric acid solution for cleaning, dehydrating the cleaned waste residue for later use, and recycling the dehydrated filtrate as acid solution for acidolysis;
step seven, mixing and stirring: directly and mechanically mixing the dehydrated waste residue with the filter residue obtained in the step one according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed raw material;
step eight, high-temperature calcination: and (3) feeding the mixed raw materials into a high-temperature calcining furnace to calcine to prepare the high-alumina cement.
2. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the primary aluminum ash is ground and sieved, and a sieve mesh used for sieving is 60-80 meshes.
3. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: and the inorganic salt flux used in the second step is a mixed solution of a potassium chloride solution and a sodium chloride solution, wherein the volume ratio of the potassium chloride solution to the sodium chloride solution is 1: 4.
4. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10-20%; the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-110 ℃; the volume ratio of the undersize product to the NaOH solution is 1: 1-2.
5. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the volume ratio of the waste residue to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1: 1-2; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 10-20%; the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-110 ℃; the reaction time is controlled to be 2-4 h.
6. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: and sixthly, controlling the water content of the dehydrated waste residue to be below 40%.
7. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: seventhly, Al in the cleaned waste residues2O3In an amount of more than 85 percent; and mechanically mixing the dehydrated waste residue with the filter residue obtained in the step one according to the component ratio of 1: 1-2.
8. The method for the cooperative treatment and resource utilization of the aluminum ash and the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: in the step eight, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1200-1800 ℃, and the calcination time is 1-6 h.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115253641A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-01 | 洋耳科技(杭州)有限公司 | Gas collection method in secondary aluminum ash treatment and resource utilization technology |
| CN115321887A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for preparing light heat-insulating material by utilizing waste incineration fly ash and secondary aluminum ash |
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