CN103934256B - Chromium slag and wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant - Google Patents
Chromium slag and wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of chromium slag and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is sieved to chromium slag and containing chromium pollutant, it crushes, wet ball grinding is carried out in the ball mill, the filtrate of sulphate-containing ion is added, acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry is leached, carry out reduction reaction is stirred by the first reducing agent is added in chromium slag slurry addition reactor tank, acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry is reduced into trivalent chromium, the concentrated sulfuric acid is added and be stirred being improved, the pH value of chromium slag slurry is adjusted to 7 ± 0.5, the second reducing agent is added to reactor tank again and is stirred carry out reduction treatment, maturation process is carried out to the slag charge slurry stirring after reduction reaction, Cr VI in chromium slag slurry is converted into chromium hydroxide precipitation object；Chromium slag slurry after maturation process is separated by solid-liquid separation.The present invention have it is at low cost, without waste liquid, can be suitable for large-scale industrial production the characteristics of good without return slag phenomenon, detoxifying effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chromium slag and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, belong to pollution of chromium repair process technology neck
Domain.
Background technique
Chromium slag and it is primarily referred to as crome metal and chrome salt production enterprise containing chromium pollutant, especially there is calcium roasting production technology
Residue that manufacturing enterprise generates in process of production and by such residue contaminated soil, rock, building castoff etc., belongs to weight
Metal hazardous waste, wherein the toxicity of Cr VI will be far longer than trivalent chromium, and Cr VI has stronger carcinogenic and mutagenesis special
Property, it is one of 129 kinds of priority pollutants of EPA confirmation, harmless treatment is not carried out to it then can seriously affect periphery life people
The health of group.
Currently, chromium slag and the harmless treatment process containing chromium pollutant mainly have it is dry detoxified and two kinds of wet method detoxifcation,
In dry detoxified process costs it is very high and easily cause secondary pollution.And in wet method detoxifcation, molten technique is mostly soaked using alkali, warp
Chromium slag and chromium pollutant stability after the removing toxic substances of vulcanized sodium wet method detoxifcation technique is poor, apparent return slag occurs after placing half a year
Phenomenon.And ferrous sulfate amount needed for ferrous sulfate wet method detoxifcation technique is relatively high, and a large amount of waste liquids can be generated in detoxification processes, also
It needs to handle waste liquid, is also unfavorable for actual production operation while improving processing cost.
There are also a kind of chromium slag and the wet method detoxifcation methods containing chromium pollutant, are to combine vulcanized sodium wet method detoxifcation technique and sulphur
Sour ferrous iron wet method detoxifcation technique is chromic slag wet method ball milling to be added simultaneously vulcanized sodium progress mixed grinding, then to grinding after
Slurry the process flow that sulfuric acid and ferrous sulfate carry out reduction reaction is added.But this detoxification is by wet ball grinding institute
There are a certain amount of ferrous ion in the recirculated water of use, it can be reacted with vulcanized sodium and generate ferrous sulfide precipitating, cause vulcanized sodium
Especially loss, not only increased removing toxic substances cost, but also reduce effective ferrous ion to the reduction effect of chromium.Furthermore sulphion can also
Precipitation reaction is generated with other metal ions such as calcium ion etc. contained in each pollutant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of it is at low cost, without waste liquid, it is good without return slag phenomenon, detoxifying effect, can be suitable for big
The chromium slag that technical scale metaplasia produces and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant.
The technical solution of the invention patent in order to achieve the above objectives is: a kind of chromium slag and the wet method detoxifcation side containing chromium pollutant
Method, it is characterised in that: sequentially include the following steps:
(1) sent after, being sieved to chromium slag and containing chromium pollutant to jaw crusher pulverization process, smashed chromium slag and
The partial size of chromium pollutant is in 0.2-1cm；
(2), to sieving smashed chromium slag and carrying out wet ball grinding in the ball mill containing chromium pollutant, containing sulfate radicals are added
The filtrate of ion leaches the acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry, and the diameter of chromium slag slurry is in 120-200 mesh, chromium slag slurry
Baume degrees at room temperature in 30-50 ° of B é；
(3), chromium slag slurry is added in reactor tank, the first reducing agent is added and is stirred progress first time reduction reaction, also
The former reaction time is reduced into trivalent chromium, in mass ratio, first at 0.5-1.5 hours, by the acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry
The dosage and chromium slag slurry ratio of reducing agent are 0.0005-0.001:1, and first reducing agent is vulcanized sodium, pyrosulfurous acid
One of sodium, potassium sulfide or calcium sulfide or two or more arbitrary compositions；
(4), it is added to reactor tank and the concentrated sulfuric acid and be stirred being improved, the pH value of chromium slag slurry is adjusted to 7 ±
0.5, chromium slag slurry temperature is maintained at 50-70 DEG C；
(5), the second reducing agent is added and is stirred to reactor tank again and carries out second of reduction treatment, in mass ratio, second
The dosage and chromium slag slurry ratio of reducing agent are 0.05-0.2:1, and second of reduction reaction time is described at 0.5-1.5 hours
Second reducing agent be frerrous chloride, ferrous bromide, ferrous sulfate or iron ammonium sulfate it is one of or any two or more
Mixture；
(6), to after second of reduction reaction slag charge slurry stirring carry out maturation process, the maturation process time at 6-12 hours,
Cr VI in chromium slag slurry is converted into chromium hydroxide precipitation object；
(7), the chromium slag slurry after maturation process is separated by solid-liquid separation, the filtrate after separation drains into ball mill, after separation
Detoxification chromium slag discharge, obtain Cr VI Leaching value be lower than 0.5mg/L detoxification chromium slag.
The present invention has the advantage that afterwards by adopting the above technical scheme
1, the present invention is crushed using jaw crusher to chromium slag and containing chromium pollutant, and slag charge partial size is 0.2- after crushing
1cm substantially reduces the time of wet ball grinding, can improve grinding efficiency.
2, the filtrate for containing a large amount of sulfate ions after separation of solid and liquid is added in the present invention in wet ball grinding, in mechanical milling process
In, leach the sulfate ion in filtrate to chromium slag and containing calcium chromate acid-soluble in chromium pollutant, so increase acid-soluble
The leaching rate of calcium chromate avoids and soaks molten technique using soda ash, but also will not generate waste liquid outlet in entire production technology
Phenomenon.For the present invention in wet ball grinding, sulfate ion can generate sediment with calcium plasma, can remove meeting and sulphur in slurry
Ion etc. generates the various ions of precipitation reaction, the waste of the reducing agents such as vulcanized sodium when sequential reduction being avoided to react.
3, by the way of the filtrate after separation of solid and liquid recycles chromium slag and the progress wet ball grinding containing chromium pollutant,
On the one hand it solves filtrate problem of outlet, reduces filtrate treatment process, reduce construction and operation cost；On the other hand due to
There are a large amount of sulfate ions and a certain amount of ferrous ion in filtrate, and sulfate radical can be with chromium acid-soluble in chromium pollutant
The slightly solubilities substance reaction such as sour calcium generates calcium sulfate precipitation and chromate ion, increases the dissolution of hexavalent chromium, can also go
Except meeting and sulphion etc. generate the various ions of precipitation reaction, the reducing agents such as vulcanized sodium when sequential reduction being avoided to react in slurry
Waste.Moreover the ferrous ion in filtrate of the present invention can also carry out a degree of reduction to Cr VI in wet ball grinding
Effect, takes full advantage of ferrous sulfate raw material.The present invention is before sufficiently having dissolved Cr VI, having eliminated ferrous and calcium plasma
It puts, reduction reaction maturation process is carried out to the slurry after wet ball grinding, makes full use of various reducing agents, is reduced unnecessary attached
Add chemical reaction, reduces raw material dosage.
4, chromium slag slurry is added to reactor tank the present invention, is separately added into the first reducing agent, the conditioning of pH value and second
Reducing agent, and then realize reduction and detoxication processing, not only play the role of adjusting chromium slag slurry pH by the concentrated sulfuric acid, but also can be whole
The reduction reaction and maturation process at a rear portion provide necessary temperature condition, enhance the effect of maturation process, chromium slag and dirty containing chromium
It contaminates object treatment process to stablize, large-scale industrial production can be suitable for.
5, the present invention is handled using two step reduction and detoxications, is added to chromium slag slurry in respectively suitable reaction environment different
Acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry is reduced into trivalent chromium by chromium slag slurry by reducing agent, first time reduction reaction, and second also
Original reaction then continues to generate reduction reaction with Cr VI and generate chromium hydroxide precipitation, and ferrous ion and sulphion can also be made raw
At iron sulfide precipitates object, maturation process, entire maturation process process strict control chromium are carried out to slurry after second of reduction reaction
Slag charge starches pH value, solves the too low dosage that will increase the concentrated sulfuric acid of pH value and is unfavorable for trivalent chromium formation precipitating, leads to slurry
Total chromium concn is exceeded, and pH value is too high, and chromium hydroxide is easy to aoxidize generation hexavalent chromium compound by the oxygen in air again, causes
The problem of return slag.The control pH value of present invention chromium slag slurry during maturation process is 7 ± 0.5, passes through chromium after maturation process
Cr VI in slag charge slurry is substantially completely converted into chromium hydroxide precipitation object, and the hexavalent chromium concentration in slag charge slurry is less than
0.5mg/L ensure that the detoxifying effect of Cr VI, and without return slag phenomenon.
Specific embodiment
Chromium slag of the invention and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, according to the following steps:
(1) sent after, being sieved to chromium slag and containing chromium pollutant to jaw crusher pulverization process, smashed chromium slag and
The partial size 0.2-1cm of chromium pollutant by sorting removal chromium slag and can contain such as chromium slag and the partial size 0.4-0.8cm of chromium pollutant
The impurity such as rock, building castoff in chromium pollutant can greatly improve the treatment effeciency of wet ball grinding by pulverization process.
(2), sulfur acid will be added to sieving smashed chromium slag and carrying out wet ball grinding in the ball mill containing chromium pollutant
The filtrate of radical ion, the filtrate are the liquid after the present invention is separated by solid-liquid separation, and the acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry are leached, tool
Some reaction equations are as follows:
CaCrO4+SO4 2-=CrO4 2-+CaSO4,
The diameter of slag charge slurry of the present invention is in 120-200 mesh, and the Baume degrees of chromium slag slurry is at room temperature in 30-50 ° of B é, best chromium
The Baume degrees of slag charge slurry is 35-45 ° of B é at room temperature, recycles sulfate ion and filtrate ferrous ions in filtrate, presses
Mass percent, the concentration of sulfate ion is in 0.5-3% in filtrate, and the concentration of filtrate ferrous ions is in 0.05-0.5%.
The design parameter of the diameter of the Baume degrees and chromium slag slurry of chromium slag slurry of the present invention is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 8 |
| Baume degrees (B é) | 30 | 32 | 35 | 37 | 40 | 42 | 45 | 50 |
| The diameter (mesh) of chromium slag slurry | 120 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 |
| Sulfate ion concentration (%) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 |
| Ferrous sulfate ion concentration (%) | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.5 |
(3), chromium slag slurry is added in reactor tank, and the first reducing agent is added and is stirred, mixing speed is in 40-
100rad/min carries out first time reduction reaction, and the reduction reaction time, will be acid-soluble in chromium slag slurry at 0.5-1.5 hours
Calcium chromate is reduced into trivalent chromium, and in mass ratio, the dosage and chromium slag slurry ratio of the first reducing agent are 0.0005-0.001:1, most
The dosage of first reducing agent and the mass ratio of chromium slag slurry are 0.0006-0.009:1, and the reaction equation is as follows:
8CrO4 2-+3S2-+20H2O=8Cr (OH)3+3SO4 2-+16OH-。
First reducing agent of the invention be one of vulcanized sodium, sodium pyrosulfite, potassium sulfide or calcium sulfide or two kinds with
Upper arbitrary composition.The specific dosage of first reducing agent of the invention is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Title | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 8 |
| Vulcanized sodium | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 | 0.00025 | ||||
| Sodium pyrosulfite | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.00025 | ||||
| Potassium sulfide | 0.0007 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.00025 | ||||
| Calcium sulfide | 0.0008 | 0.0002 | 0.00025 |
(4), it is added to reactor tank and the concentrated sulfuric acid and be stirred being improved, the pH value of chromium slag slurry is adjusted to 7 ±
0.5, so that chromium slag slurry temperature is maintained at 50-70 DEG C, specific reaction equation is as follows:
4CrO4 2-+3S2O5 2-+14H+=4Cr (OH)3+6SO4 2-+7H2O；
H++OH-=H2O
The concentrated sulfuric acid of the invention uses technical grade mass concentration for 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, by the way that the concentrated sulfuric acid is added, on the one hand may be used
To provide hydrogen ion for reduction reaction, the another aspect concentrated sulfuric acid is dissolved in water and generates very exothermic, entire reaction system can be added
Heat is conducive to the progress of second of reduction reaction and maturation process to 50-70 DEG C.The pH value of chromium slag slurry of the present invention is shown in Table 3 institutes
Show.
Table 3
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 8 |
| PH value | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.5 |
(5), the second reducing agent is added and be stirred to reactor tank again and carries out second of reduction treatment, mixing speed
In 40-100rad/min, in mass ratio, the dosage of the second reducing agent and chromium slag slurry ratio are 0.05-0.2:1, best second
The dosage of reducing agent and the mass ratio of chromium slag slurry are 0.08-0.1.8:1, and second of reduction reaction time is small in 0.5-1.5
When, in second of reduction reaction, ferrous ion can not only continue to generate reduction reaction with Cr VI, and it is heavy to generate chromium hydroxide
Starch, so that the Cr VI in chromium slag slurry is sufficiently detoxified, while it is sub- to generate vulcanization with the sulphion in slurry
Iron precipitating, specific reaction equation are as follows:
Fe2++S2-=FeS
Fe2++CrO4 2-+4OH-+4H2O=3Fe (OH)3+Cr(OH)3
Second reducing agent of the invention is the one of which of frerrous chloride, ferrous bromide, ferrous sulfate or iron ammonium sulfate
Or any two or more mixture, the specific dosage of the second reducing agent of the invention are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
| Title | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 8 |
| Frerrous chloride | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |||||
| Ferrous bromide | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.05 | |||
| Ferrous sulfate | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.05 | |||
| Iron ammonium sulfate | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Maturation process is carried out to the slag charge slurry stirring after second of reduction reaction, mixing speed is ripe in 40-100rad/min
Change the processing time at 6-12 hours, which was preferably converted the Cr VI in chromium slag slurry at 8-10 hours
For chromium hydroxide precipitation.
(6), the chromium slag slurry after maturation process is separated by solid-liquid separation, plate and frame filter press can be used to ripe in reactor tank
Change that treated that chromium slag slurry is carried out dehydrating, for the pressure of plate and frame filter press in 0.8-1.8Mp, moisture content < 60% of slagging tap is right
Filtrate is detected, and the filtrate after separation drains into ball mill, and the detoxification chromium slag discharge after separation obtains Cr VI Leaching
Value is lower than the detoxification chromium slag of 0.5mg/L.The design parameter of reduction reaction and maturation process of the present invention is shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Testing plot is the place that former chromium slag is stacked, due to being influenced by chromium slag, polluted soil to be processed by
Serious pollution of chromium, total chromium content in soil content are 102-7162mg/kg, content of 6-valence Cr ions 9.8-1940mg/kg.
It is sent after the chromium slag and chromium-polluted soil that need to detoxify are sieved to jaw crusher pulverization process, is sent into ball mill
Wet-milling is carried out, the Baume degrees of its chromium slag slurry and the diameter of chromium slag slurry are controlled by each embodiment in table 2, is added first by table 2
Reducing agent after carrying out first time reduction reaction, then is added the concentrated sulfuric acid on reactor tank stirring side and is acidified, or will with Pulp pump
The concentrated sulfuric acid is added while stirring and is acidified for chromium slag slurry pipeline transport to another reactor tank, until the pH stable of chromium slag slurry is in table 3
In, then by the second reducing agent of addition of table 4, after carrying out second of reduction reaction, then maturation process is carried out, the hexavalent chrome reduction of dissolution
For trivalent chromium, it to be sent into filter press and carries out filter-press dehydration realization separation of solid and liquid, filtrate discharge, which is stored in storage tank, to be recycled, or
Ball mill being fed directly to recycle, the filter residue after dehydration removing toxic substances can be directly entered landfill yard and carry out security landfill, or into
Row resource utilization.
Detection Cr VI, total chromium in the 7th day after each embodiment processing chromium slag and chromium pollutant soil and the 28th day filter residue
Leaching concentration, specific testing result are as shown in table 6.Referring to HJ/T299-2007, " solid waste leaches poison for the preparation of leachate
Property leaching method sulfonitric method " execute, Cr VI leaching concentration presses standard GBT15555.4-1995 " solid waste Cr VI
Measurement diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometry " measurement, " solid waste is total by standard GB15555.5-1995 for total chromium leaching concentration
Chromium mark feed diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometry " measurement.
Table 6
As seen from Table 6, there is extraordinary treatment effect, the filter residue obtained after processing using wet method detoxifcation method of the present invention
Cr VI contained in its leachate is lower than 0.27mg/L, and total chromium concn is lower than 0.37mg/L, can effective chromium slag and dirty containing chromium
It is polluted caused by dye object.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of chromium slag and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is characterised in that: sequentially include the following steps:
(1) sent after, being sieved to chromium slag and containing chromium pollutant to jaw crusher pulverization process, smashed chromium slag and chromium are dirty
The partial size of object is contaminated in 0.2-1cm；
(2), to sieving smashed chromium slag and carrying out wet ball grinding in the ball mill containing chromium pollutant, sulphate-containing ion is added
Filtrate, by chromium slag slurry acid-soluble calcium chromate leach, the diameter of chromium slag slurry is in 120-200 mesh, the wave of chromium slag slurry
U.S. degree is at room temperature in 30-50 ° of B é；
(3), chromium slag slurry is added in reactor tank, the first reducing agent is added and is stirred progress first time reduction reaction, reduction is anti-
At 0.5-1.5 hours between seasonable, the acid-soluble calcium chromate in chromium slag slurry is reduced into trivalent chromium, in mass ratio, the first reduction
The dosage and chromium slag slurry ratio of agent are 0.0005-0.001:1, and first reducing agent is vulcanized sodium, sodium pyrosulfite, sulphur
Change one of potassium or calcium sulfide or two or more arbitrary compositions；
(4) the concentrated sulfuric acid, is added to reactor tank and be stirred being improved, the pH value of chromium slag slurry is adjusted to 7 ± 0.5,
Chromium slag slurry temperature is maintained at 50-70 DEG C；
(5) the second reducing agent, is added to reactor tank again and is stirred second of reduction treatment of progress, in mass ratio, the second reducing agent
Dosage and chromium slag slurry ratio be 0.05-0.2:1, second of reduction reaction time at 0.5-1.5 hour, described second and also
Former agent is the one of of frerrous chloride, ferrous bromide, ferrous sulfate or iron ammonium sulfate or any two or more mixture；
(6), to after second of reduction reaction slag charge slurry stirring carry out maturation process, the maturation process time at 6-12 hours, by chromium
Cr VI in slag charge slurry is converted into chromium hydroxide precipitation object；
(7), the chromium slag slurry after maturation process is separated by solid-liquid separation, the filtrate after separation drains into ball mill, the solution after separation
Malicious chromium slag discharge, obtains the detoxification chromium slag that Cr VI Leaching value is lower than 0.5mg/L.
2. chromium slag according to claim 1 and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is characterised in that: the chromium slag material
The Baume degrees of slurry is 35-45 ° of B é at room temperature.
3. chromium slag according to claim 1 and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is characterised in that: described first also
The dosage of former agent and the mass ratio of chromium slag slurry are 0.0006-0.0009:1.
4. chromium slag according to claim 1 and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is characterised in that: described second also
The dosage of former agent and the mass ratio of chromium slag slurry are 0.08-0.1.8:1.
5. chromium slag according to claim 1 and the wet method detoxifcation method containing chromium pollutant, it is characterised in that: press quality percentage
Than the concentration of sulfate ion is in 0.5-3% in the filtrate, and the concentration of filtrate ferrous ions is in 0.05-0.5%.
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| CN105215051B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-06-26 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | A kind of reduction of chromium-polluted soil-stabilisation two-period form restorative procedure |
| CN105396872A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-16 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Wet process detoxifying processing device and method for chromium slag and contaminated soil of chromium slag |
| CN110125164A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Improvement technique for waste residue containing Cr VI or hexavalent chromium polluted soil wet method detoxifcation |
| CN110526292A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-12-03 | 河南金谷实业发展有限公司 | The technique of chromium is extracted in a kind of chromium pollutant |
| CN110404226A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-11-05 | 长春黄金研究院有限公司 | A kind of chromic slag wet method detoxifcation process improving detoxifying effect |
| CN110523766B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-19 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for repairing composite heavy metal contaminated soil and recovering chromium resources |
| CN114288604B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-05-30 | 湖北振华化学股份有限公司 | Chromium slag harmless and recycling treatment method |
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