CN108706802B - Treatment method and treatment system for pollutants generated by household garbage incineration - Google Patents
Treatment method and treatment system for pollutants generated by household garbage incineration Download PDFInfo
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- CN108706802B CN108706802B CN201810379960.1A CN201810379960A CN108706802B CN 108706802 B CN108706802 B CN 108706802B CN 201810379960 A CN201810379960 A CN 201810379960A CN 108706802 B CN108706802 B CN 108706802B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps: (1) providing two pollutants of incineration fly ash and garbage leachate; (2) mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and garbage leachate, and centrifuging to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; (3) carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and second filter residue; (4) sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue; (5) and carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate. According to the method for treating pollutants generated by burning the household garbage, the first filter residue and the second filter residue are subjected to sintering and melting treatment to form a high-stability glass solidified body, and the second filtrate is subjected to air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment to form sodium chloride and potassium chloride, so that the high-efficiency, harmless and recycling treatment of the burning fly ash and the garbage leachate is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous wastes and high-concentration organic waste liquid, in particular to a treatment method and a treatment system for pollutants generated by household garbage incineration.
Background
Along with the rapid development of cities, more and more municipal domestic wastes are generated. The disposal method of the municipal solid waste mainly comprises an incineration disposal method, a sanitary landfill method and a composting disposal method. Compared with other methods, the incineration disposal method has the advantages of volume reduction, decrement, energy recycling and the like, and is gradually the first technology for disposing domestic garbage and part of industrial garbage, but the application of the incineration disposal method to dispose the domestic garbage can generate two pollutants of garbage leachate and incineration fly ash. The landfill leachate has the characteristics of high organic matter concentration, high heavy metal content, large water quality change, imbalance of nutrient element proportion and the like, is known as one of the most difficult-to-treat sewage, and incineration fly ash contains a large amount of harmful pollutant substances such as dioxin, heavy metal and the like. The main process for treating the landfill leachate is anaerobic process, MBR process and membrane separation process, the process degrades organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen in the leachate, and removes most heavy metals through membrane separation, but in the membrane separation process, 20-40% of secondary pollutant concentrated solution can be generated, the incineration fly ash is mostly treated by cement solidification or chelating agent stabilization at present, the cement solidification has the defects of large capacity increasing ratio, cracking caused by chloride, occupation of landfill volume and the like, the chelating method has a certain stabilizing effect on harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like, but is ineffective in treating dioxin, the adaptability is poor, the requirement is high, and the heavy metal supplement rate is different from 60-90%.
Therefore, the invention is urgently needed to invent a high-efficiency, harmless and resource treatment technology for the garbage percolate and the incineration fly ash, overcomes the defects of the existing treatment technology and is beneficial to the sustainable development of cities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating pollutants generated by household garbage incineration, and solves the problem that the conventional treatment method is difficult to treat incineration fly ash and garbage leachate in an efficient, harmless and recycling manner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing two pollutants of incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and garbage leachate, and centrifuging to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue;
(3) carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and second filter residue;
(4) sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
(5) and carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate.
The invention also provides a system for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage, which comprises:
the water washing subsystem is used for mixing, stirring and centrifuging the pollutant incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, and carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
the sintering and melting subsystem is used for sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
and the recycling subsystem is used for carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate.
Compared with the prior art, the method for treating the pollutants generated by burning the household garbage comprises the steps of carrying out sintering and melting treatment on the first filter residue and the second filter residue to form a high-stability glass solidified body, carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filter solution to prepare sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and achieving high efficiency, harmlessness and recycling of the burning fly ash and the garbage leachate. The method comprises the following steps of washing incineration fly ash with landfill leachate instead of water, so that the consumption of water resources can be reduced, chlorine salt in the incineration fly ash can be dissolved in the landfill leachate, the corrosion of the chlorine salt to a sintering and melting treatment device is reduced, the generation of dioxin in the sintering process of first filter residue is reduced, the incineration fly ash can adsorb organic matters in the landfill leachate, the heat value of the first filter residue is improved, and the energy consumption for sintering and melting treatment of the first filter residue is reduced; the heavy metal ions in the first filtrate can be precipitated by carrying out chemical precipitation treatment on the first filtrate, a second filter residue is formed after filtration, and a high-stability glass solidified body is formed after sintering and melting treatment on the second filter residue, so that the heavy metal ions in the landfill leachate are properly treated, and the purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is improved; and carrying out air stripping treatment on the second filtrate to remove ammonia nitrogen in the second filtrate and improve the purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. And removing organic matters in the second filtrate by oxidation treatment, so that the purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is improved, and the oxidized second filtrate is subjected to evaporation separation treatment to obtain 95-98% of sodium chloride and 94-98% of potassium chloride.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water wash subsystem;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sinter fusion subsystem;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reclamation subsystem.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical contents and structural features of the present invention in detail, the following description is given with reference to the embodiments.
The technical contents and the structural characteristics of the treatment method and the treatment system for the pollutants generated by the incineration of the household garbage are further described as follows:
a method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) providing two pollutants of incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and garbage leachate, and centrifuging to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue;
(3) carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and second filter residue;
(4) sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
(5) and carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate. In the step (1), the first filtrate comprises a supernatant obtained by mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate and a centrifugate obtained by centrifuging, in the step (3), the incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate are subjected to chemical precipitation treatment, and the filtration treatment can be separation treatment after the incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate are subjected to chemical precipitation treatment to obtain a supernatant and precipitate slurry, and then the supernatant is subjected to filtration treatment, or the incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate are subjected to chemical precipitation treatment and then are directly subjected to filtration treatment. The incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate are generated by incinerating the domestic garbage, and the air stripping treatment in the step (5) can be degassing treatment after aeration.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the incineration fly ash to the landfill leachate in the step (2) is 1:3-1:12, the mixing and stirring time for mixing and stirring treatment is 10-40min, and the stirring speed is 10-40 r/min. Under the stirring condition within the weight ratio range, chlorine salt in the incineration fly ash can be fully dissolved in the garbage leachate, and the incineration fly ash adsorbs more organic matters in the garbage leachate, so that the corrosion of the chlorine salt to a sintering and melting treatment device is reduced to the maximum extent, the generation of dioxin in the sintering process of the first filter residue is reduced, and the energy consumption for sintering and melting treatment of the first filter residue is reduced. Wherein, the weight ratio can be 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:10, 1:12 and the like, the stirring time can be 10min, 25min, 30min, 40min and the like, and the stirring speed can be 10r/min, 20r/min, 25r/min, 40r/min and the like.
Preferably, the chemical precipitation treatment in step (3) comprises adding sodium sulfide and ferrous sulfate to the first filtrate. The sodium sulfide precipitates heavy metal ions in the first filtrate, and the ferrous sulfate precipitates excess sulfur ions. Heavy metal ions in the first filtrate are precipitated, so that the purity of the formed sodium chloride and potassium chloride is improved, and on the other hand, second filter residues formed by heavy metal ions are sintered to form a high-stability glass solidified body, so that the heavy metal ions in the landfill leachate are properly treated.
Preferably, in the step (4), the first filter residue and the second filter residue are dried and then sintered and melted. The drying treatment is beneficial to the continuous sintering and melting treatment of the first filter residue and the second filter residue, and the efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the sintering and melting treatment in the step (4) adopts a plasma sintering and melting process. The plasma sintering and melting process can solidify harmful substances in the first filter residue and the second filter residue to form a high-stability glass solidified body.
Preferably, in the step (5), the second filtrate is subjected to air stripping treatment, then the pH value is adjusted to 4-7, and then oxidation treatment is performed. Wherein, the pH value is adjusted to be beneficial to the oxidation treatment, and concretely, the pH value can be 4, 5.5, 6, 7 and the like.
Preferably, in step (5), the oxidation treatment is carried out with hydrogen peroxide. Specifically, a catalyst can be added, and the catalyst can be selected from iron-based heterogeneous catalysts. The hydrogen peroxide removes organic matters in the second filtrate, secondary pollutant condensate is avoided, the purity of the formed sodium chloride and potassium chloride can be improved, compared with the condition that no catalyst or other catalysts are added, the heterogeneous catalyst can obviously improve the oxidation reaction speed, and the removal rate of the organic matters reaches 95-98%.
Preferably, the amount of the catalyst is 0.1-8% of the weight of the second filtrate. Within this range, hydrogen peroxide can exert better oxidizing performance under the action of the catalyst.
Preferably, the amount of hydrogen peroxide additive is n (H)2O2) N (COD) is 1:1-4:1, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.5-3 h. Within this range, hydrogen peroxide can exert a better oxidizing property. Wherein COD represents the chemical oxygen demand, n (H)2O2) N (COD) can be 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, etc., the reaction temperature can be 150 ℃, 350 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, etc., and the reaction time can be 1.5h, 3h, 2.5h, 2h, etc.
Preferably, the MVR evaporation salt separation process is selected in the step (5) for evaporation separation treatment. The MVR evaporation salt separation process is a mechanical vapor recompression evaporation salt separation process, can carry out high-efficiency evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate after oxidation treatment, and can obtain 95-98% purity sodium chloride and 94-98% purity potassium chloride after evaporation separation treatment.
A system for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises:
the water washing subsystem is used for mixing, stirring and centrifuging the pollutant incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, and carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
the sintering and melting subsystem is used for sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
and the recycling subsystem is used for carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate.
Preferably, the water washing subsystem comprises a stirrer, a centrifuge, a chemical precipitation tank and a filter, the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate are mixed and stirred in the stirrer, and then are sent to the centrifuge for centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, the first filtrate is subjected to chemical precipitation treatment in the chemical precipitation tank, and then is sent to the filter for filtration treatment to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue. Specifically, a thickener is selected as a stirrer, and a horizontal screw centrifuge is selected as a centrifuge.
Preferably, the sintering and melting subsystem comprises a melting furnace, and the first filter residue and the second filter residue are subjected to sintering and melting treatment in the melting furnace. Specifically, a plasma melting furnace is selected as the melting furnace, and harmful substances in the first filter residue and the second filter residue can be solidified by the plasma melting furnace to form a high-stability glass solidified body.
Preferably, the recycling subsystem comprises an aeration stripping pool, an oxidation reaction generator and an evaporation separator, wherein the second filtrate is subjected to stripping treatment in the aeration stripping pool, then is subjected to oxidation treatment in the oxidation reaction generator and then is sent into the evaporation separator for evaporation separation treatment. Specifically, an aeration stripping tank is selected as a stripping tank, a catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction kettle is selected as an oxidation reaction generator, an MVR evaporation separator is selected as an evaporation separator, the MVR evaporation separator can carry out efficient evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate after oxidation treatment, and after evaporation separation treatment, 95-98% purity sodium chloride and 94-98% purity potassium chloride can be obtained.
The following will explain in detail the treatment system of the pollutants generated by the incineration of household garbage with the help of the attached drawings:
referring to fig. 1, a process flow diagram of a method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage includes: mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and garbage leachate, and centrifuging to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and second filter residue; sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue to obtain a glass solidified body; and carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Mixing and stirring incineration fly ash and landfill leachate, centrifuging, performing chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on a first filtrate obtained by centrifuging through a water washing subsystem 110 (shown in figure 2), and performing sintering and melting treatment on the first filter residue and the second filter residue through a sintering and melting subsystem 120 (shown in figure 3); the second filtrate is subjected to stripping treatment, oxidation treatment, and evaporation separation treatment by the recycling subsystem 130 (shown in fig. 4).
Referring to fig. 2, the water washing subsystem 110 includes an adjusting tank 111, a thickener 112, a horizontal decanter centrifuge 113, a chemical settling tank 114 and a filter 115, first, the landfill leachate is adjusted and stirred in the adjusting tank 111 and then sent to the thickener 112, the incineration fly ash is also sent to the thickener 112, the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate are mixed and stirred by the thickener 112, after stirring is completed, the mixed liquid of the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate is sent to the horizontal decanter centrifuge 113 for centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, specifically, the first filtrate includes a supernatant obtained by mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate in the thickener 112 and a centrifugate obtained by centrifugal treatment in the horizontal decanter centrifuge 113, the first filtrate is sent to the chemical settling tank 114 for settling treatment, specifically, sodium sulfide and ferrous sulfate are added to the chemical settling tank 114, heavy metal ions in the first filtrate are precipitated, after the precipitation treatment is completed, the heavy metal ions are separated to obtain precipitate slurry and supernatant, the precipitate slurry is subjected to centrifugal filtration to obtain precipitate and filtrate 1, the supernatant is sent into a filter 115 to be subjected to filtration treatment to obtain suspended matters and filtrate 2, the second filter residue comprises the precipitate and the suspended matters, the second filtrate comprises the filtrate 1 and filtrate 2, the first filter residue and the second filter residue are collected and sent into a sintering and melting subsystem 120 to be subjected to subsequent treatment, and the second filtrate is collected and sent into a recycling subsystem 130 to be subjected to subsequent treatment.
Referring to fig. 3, the sintering-melting subsystem 120 includes a pelletizer 121, a belt conveyor 122, a drying preheater 123, a plasma-melting furnace 124, a discharge cooling bath 125, and an off-gas treatment device 126. The first filter residue and the second filter residue obtained after treatment by the water washing subsystem 110 are sent to a granulator 121, after granulation, the first filter residue and the second filter residue are sent to a drying preheater 123 through a belt conveyor 122, after drying, the first filter residue and the second filter residue are sent to a plasma melting furnace 124, the first filter residue particles and the second filter residue are solidified by the plasma melting furnace 124 to form a high-stability glass solidified body, the glass solidified body is sent to a discharging cooling pool 125 for cooling, after cooling, the glass solidified body is collected for subsequent treatment, and hot waste gas generated by sintering of the plasma melting furnace 124 is treated by a tail gas treatment device 126 and then is discharged.
Referring to fig. 4, the recycling subsystem 130 includes an aeration stripping tank 131, a regulating tank 132, a catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction kettle 133 and an MVR evaporation separator 134, the second filtrate obtained after the treatment by the water washing subsystem 110 is stripped in the aeration stripping tank 131, and then sent to the regulating tank 132, sodium hydroxide or concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to the regulating tank 132 to regulate the pH value and stir, specifically, the pH value is regulated to 7, the pH value is sent to the catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction kettle 133 to perform oxidation treatment after the pH regulation, and then sent to the MVR evaporation separator 134 to perform evaporation separation treatment after the oxidation reaction is completed, and sodium chloride with a purity of 95-98% and potassium chloride with a purity of 94-98% can be obtained after the evaporation separation treatment.
The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage will be described in detail below by means of examples and comparative examples, and the reagents used in the examples and comparative examples are commercially available.
Example 1
A method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) providing incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the garbage percolate in a weight ratio of 1:6 at a stirring speed of 25r/min for 25min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue;
(3) adding sodium sulfide into the first filtrate, wherein heavy metal ions in the first filtratePrecipitating by reaction with sodium sulfide, and adding ferrous sulfate to remove excessive S2-Carrying out reaction for 2 hours, then separating to obtain supernatant and precipitate slurry, carrying out centrifugal filtration on the precipitate slurry to obtain precipitate and filtrate 1, carrying out filtration on the supernatant to obtain suspended matters and filtrate 2, wherein second filter residues comprise the precipitate and the suspended matters, and the second filtrate comprises the filtrate 1 and the filtrate 2;
(4) drying the first filter residue and the second filter residue, sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue by using plasma, and sintering the first filter residue and the second filter residue into a high-stability glass solidified body;
(5) carrying out air stripping treatment on the second filtrate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 7 after 10H of air stripping, and then adding a heterogeneous catalyst and hydrogen peroxide to carry out catalytic wet oxidation treatment, wherein the addition amount of the catalyst is 1% of the weight of the second filtrate, and the addition amount of hydrogen peroxide is n (H)2O2) N (COD) is 1, the reaction temperature is 200 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 h; after oxidation treatment, evaporation separation treatment is carried out to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Comparative example 1
A method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) providing incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the garbage percolate in a weight ratio of 1:6 at a stirring speed of 25r/min for 25min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue;
(3) drying the first filter residue, sintering and melting the first filter residue by plasma after drying, and sintering the first filter residue into a high-stability glass solidified body;
(4) carrying out air stripping treatment on the first filtrate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 7 after 10H of air stripping, and then adding a heterogeneous catalyst and hydrogen peroxide to carry out catalytic wet oxidation treatment, wherein the catalyst accounts for 1% of the total weight of the hydrogen peroxide and the catalyst, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide added substances is n (H)2O2) N (COD) is 1, the reaction temperature is 200 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 h; oxidized and evaporated to separate the productTo obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Comparative example 2
A method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) providing incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the garbage percolate in a weight ratio of 1:6 at a stirring speed of 25r/min for 25min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue;
(3) adding sodium sulfide into the first filtrate, reacting heavy metal ions in the first filtrate with the sodium sulfide to precipitate, and adding ferrous sulfate to remove excessive S2-Carrying out reaction for 2 hours, then separating to obtain supernatant and precipitate slurry, carrying out centrifugal filtration on the precipitate slurry to obtain precipitate and filtrate 1, carrying out filtration on the supernatant to obtain suspended matters and filtrate 2, wherein second filter residues comprise the precipitate and the suspended matters, and the second filtrate comprises the filtrate 1 and the filtrate 2;
(4) drying the first filter residue and the second filter residue, sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue by using plasma, and sintering the first filter residue and the second filter residue into a high-stability glass solidified body;
(5) adding heterogeneous catalyst and hydrogen peroxide into the second filtrate to perform catalytic wet oxidation treatment, wherein the addition amount of the catalyst is 1% of the weight of the second filtrate, and the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is n (H)2O2) N (COD) is 1, the reaction temperature is 200 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 h; after oxidation treatment, evaporation separation treatment is carried out to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Comparative example 3
A method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) providing incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the garbage percolate in a weight ratio of 1:6 at a stirring speed of 25r/min for 25min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment to obtain a first filtrate and first filter residue;
(3) adding sodium sulfide into the first filtrate, wherein heavy metal ions in the first filtratePrecipitating by reaction with sodium sulfide, and adding ferrous sulfate to remove excessive S2-Carrying out reaction for 2 hours, then separating to obtain supernatant and precipitate slurry, carrying out centrifugal filtration on the precipitate slurry to obtain precipitate and filtrate 1, carrying out filtration on the supernatant to obtain suspended matters and filtrate 2, wherein second filter residues comprise the precipitate and the suspended matters, and the second filtrate comprises the filtrate 1 and the filtrate 2;
(4) drying the first filter residue and the second filter residue, sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue by using plasma, and sintering the first filter residue and the second filter residue into a high-stability glass solidified body;
(5) and (3) carrying out air stripping treatment on the second filtrate, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 7 after 10 hours of air stripping, and carrying out evaporation separation treatment after air stripping treatment to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
The purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was measured, wherein the purity of sodium chloride was measured in accordance with GB/T5462-2016 Industrial salt, and the purity of potassium chloride was measured in accordance with GB/T7118-2008 Industrial potassium chloride, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Purity of sodium chloride | Purity of potassium chloride | |
| Example 1 | 96.5 | 97.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 89.2 | 87.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 88.4 | 90.1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 88.0 | 85.6 |
From table 1, it can be seen that:
1. the purity of sodium chloride and the purity of potassium chloride in example 1 are higher than those in comparative example 1, because sodium sulfide and ferrous sulfate are added into the first filtrate in example 1, the first filtrate is subjected to precipitation treatment, heavy metal ions in the first filtrate are removed, and the purity of sodium chloride and the purity of potassium chloride are improved;
2. the purity of sodium chloride and the purity of potassium chloride in example 1 are both higher than those in comparative example 2, because the second filtrate is subjected to stripping treatment in example 1, ammonia nitrogen dissolved in the second filtrate is removed, and the purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is improved;
3. the purity of sodium chloride and the purity of potassium chloride in example 1 are higher than those in comparative example 3 because the purity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is improved by adding hydrogen peroxide and a catalyst to the second filtrate and performing oxidation treatment to remove organic substances from the second filtrate in example 1.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present application, so that the claims of the present application are covered by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) providing two pollutants of incineration fly ash and garbage leachate;
(2) mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate, and centrifuging to obtain first filtrate and first filter residue;
(3) carrying out chemical precipitation treatment and filtration treatment on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
(4) sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
(5) and carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate.
2. The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the incineration fly ash to the landfill leachate in the step (2) is 1:3-1:12, the mixing and stirring time of the mixing and stirring treatment is 10-40min, and the stirring speed is 10-40 r/min.
3. The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the chemical precipitation treatment in step (3) comprises adding sodium sulfide and ferrous sulfate to the first filtrate.
4. The method for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the sintering and melting treatment is performed after the first filter residue and the second filter residue are dried in the step (4).
5. The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the sintering and melting treatment in the step (4) adopts a plasma sintering and melting process.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second filtrate is subjected to the air stripping treatment, then the pH value of the second filtrate is adjusted to 4-7, and then the second filtrate is subjected to the oxidation treatment in the step (5).
7. The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation treatment is performed by using hydrogen peroxide in the step (5).
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a catalyst is further selected in step (5) for the oxidation treatment, and the amount of the catalyst added is 0.1-8% by weight of the second filtrate.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amount of the hydrogen peroxide additive is n (H)2O2) N (COD) is 1:1-4:1, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.5-3 h.
10. The method for treating pollutants generated by incineration of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein an MVR evaporation salt separation process is selected for the evaporation separation treatment in the step (5).
11. A system for treating pollutants generated by burning household garbage is characterized by comprising:
the water washing subsystem is used for mixing, stirring and centrifuging the pollutant incineration fly ash and the garbage leachate to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue, and carrying out chemical precipitation and filtration on the first filtrate to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
the sintering and melting subsystem is used for sintering and melting the first filter residue and the second filter residue;
and the recycling subsystem is used for carrying out air stripping treatment, oxidation treatment and evaporation separation treatment on the second filtrate.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the water washing subsystem comprises a stirrer, a centrifuge, a chemical precipitation tank and a filter, the incineration fly ash and the landfill leachate are mixed and stirred in the stirrer and then sent to the centrifuge for centrifugation to obtain the first filtrate and the first residue, the first filtrate is chemically precipitated in the chemical precipitation tank and then sent to the filter for filtration to obtain the second filtrate and the second residue.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the sintering and melting subsystem comprises a melting furnace, and the first and second filter residues are subjected to the sintering and melting treatment in the melting furnace.
14. A system for disposing of pollutants produced by incineration of household waste according to claim 11, wherein the recycling subsystem comprises an aeration stripping tank, an oxidation reaction generator and an evaporation separator, and the second filtrate is subjected to the stripping treatment in the stripping tank, then to the oxidation treatment in the oxidation reaction generator and then to the evaporation separator for the evaporation separation treatment.
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| CN109824271A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-31 | 武汉博立达农业科技发展有限公司 | It handles the method for house refuse and implements its system |
| CN109909266B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-06-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for removing chlorine and heavy metals in incineration fly ash by using organic mixed garbage fermentation liquor |
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| CN115106373B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-05-02 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | Disposal process for secondary fly ash in plasma melting of household garbage incineration fly ash |
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