CN109647850B - Treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate - Google Patents
Treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109647850B CN109647850B CN201811489177.7A CN201811489177A CN109647850B CN 109647850 B CN109647850 B CN 109647850B CN 201811489177 A CN201811489177 A CN 201811489177A CN 109647850 B CN109647850 B CN 109647850B
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate, which comprises a fly ash collecting bin connected with flue gas purification equipment, a leachate collecting tank positioned at the bottom of a waste stacking position, a washing tank, a drying box, a reaction kettle, a solid-liquid separator, a melting furnace and a cooling tank, wherein the washing tank, the drying box, the reaction kettle, the solid-liquid separator and the melting furnace are sequentially connected with the fly ash collecting bin; wherein the leachate collecting tank is connected with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected with the drying box through a pipeline; the bottom of the leachate collecting pool is connected with a filter tower, and the reaction kettle is connected with a compressor; the melting furnace is connected with the drying box through a pipeline, smoke generated by melting can dry the drying box, and the melting furnace is connected with an auxiliary agent bin. The treatment system has the advantages of synergistic treatment of incineration fly ash and garbage leachate, good treatment effect and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, in particular to a treatment system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate.
Background
The harmless treatment of municipal waste in China mainly comprises three modes: landfill, incineration and composting. Domestic waste treatment in China is mainly landfill, and the proportion of incineration and compost is small, but the incineration proportion is increased every year. Compared with landfill, incineration has the advantages of volume reduction, weight reduction and the like, and energy reutilization and the like.
Before incineration, the garbage is subjected to a certain amount of stacking storage and drying processes, so that a certain amount of garbage leachate is generated. The landfill leachate has the typical characteristics of high BOD and COD concentration, high heavy metal concentration, large water quality and water quantity change, high ammonia nitrogen content and imbalance microorganism nutrition proportion, is extremely malodorous and smelly, and has the related indexes which are 10 to 100 times of that of common urban sewage.
In the prior art, the Chinese patent with application publication number CN107840550A discloses a method for treating garbage leachate, and the conventional treatment process of the garbage leachate is to sequentially perform electrolysis treatment, anoxic denitrification treatment, short-range nitrification treatment and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction on the leachate to obtain a three-stage treatment solution meeting the national sewage discharge standard, but the three-stage treatment solution has poor comprehensive performance and can only be used for treating the leachate alone.
Fly ash with high content of dioxin and heavy metals can be settled in tail gas purification equipment in the waste incineration process. According to the clear regulation in the domestic garbage landfill pollution control standard GB16889-2008, the domestic garbage incineration fly ash belongs to dangerous waste, and meanwhile, the landfill requirement is that the water content efficiency of the domestic garbage incineration fly ash is less than 30%, the dioxin content is less than 3ug TEQ/Kg and the leaching toxicity of heavy metals is less than the corresponding standard value. Once inside the living body, the lipid deposits on the fat layer and organs of the living body and hardly discharges or degrades, thereby causing cumulative poisoning and seriously affecting the surrounding ecological environment.
In the prior art, the chinese patent application publication No. CN102173721A discloses a waste incineration fly ash consolidation agent and a method for consolidating waste incineration fly ash, and the present invention has the advantage of reducing the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in fly ash. But the performance of the asphalt is reduced in practical use, and on the other hand, a small amount of heavy metal is leaked to cause secondary pollution.
The prior methods for treating leachate and fly ash obviously have some defects, which are mainly shown in the following aspects: 1. poor cooperativity: the treatment engineering of percolate and the treatment engineering of fly ash in the existing waste incineration plants are both independently completed; 2. the treatment cost is high: the landfill leachate is subjected to biodegradation and other treatments, the treatment cost is high, the fly ash is mainly treated in a solidification landfill mode, the occupied area is large, and the treatment cost is high; 3. the treatment effect is low: the leachate is difficult to control in the denitrification, so that the leachate treatment effect is poor, the fly ash solidification effect is poor, and the heavy metal and dioxin in the fly ash are not completely separated, so that potential risks to the surrounding environment of a landfill are avoided. In a long-term landfill treatment, heavy metals and dioxin in the fly ash are percolated into the environment again, causing secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a treatment system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate, which has the advantages of capability of cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate, lower treatment cost and good treatment effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate comprises a fly ash collecting bin connected with a flue gas purification device, a leachate collecting tank positioned at the bottom of a waste stacking position, a washing tank, a drying box, a reaction kettle, a microwave treatment chamber, a solid-liquid separator, a melting furnace and a cooling tank, wherein the washing tank, the drying box, the reaction kettle, the microwave treatment chamber, the solid-liquid separator and the melting furnace are sequentially connected with the fly ash collecting bin;
wherein the leachate collecting tank is connected with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected with the drying box through a pipeline; the bottom of the leachate collecting pool is connected with a filter tower, and the reaction kettle is connected with a compressor;
the bottom of the filter material tower is connected with a reaction kettle through a pipeline, the reaction kettle is connected with an additive bin, the fly ash dried by a drying box, the leachate filtered by the filter material tower and the additive in the additive bin are mixed in the reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:5-10:0.6-1.0, the reaction kettle is heated to 260-300 ℃, the pressure is set to 10.5-20MPa, the temperature is kept for 2.5-3 hours, oxygen is introduced into the reaction kettle through a compressor, and then the fly ash and the leachate are separated through a solid-liquid separator;
the melting furnace is connected with the drying box through a pipeline, smoke generated by melting can dry the drying box, and the melting furnace is connected with an auxiliary agent bin;
mixing and melting the fly ash and the auxiliary agent in the auxiliary agent bin through a melting furnace according to the mass ratio of 1:5-10 to obtain harmless slag, and cooling the melted fly ash generated by the melting furnace in a cooling pool to obtain harmless glass slag; and (4) adjusting the pH value of the leachate, removing heavy metal ions and then discharging.
By adopting the technical scheme, the flying ash bin is adopted to collect the flying ash, the flying ash is introduced into the washing tank to be washed, chlorine element and inorganic salt in the flying ash are washed out and dissolved in water washing liquid, the corrosion of the chlorine salt to equipment is reduced, the inorganic salt is effectively recovered, then the flying ash is dried, the dried flying ash and leachate are introduced into the reaction kettle to be subjected to innocent treatment, wherein when the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 260 ℃ and 300 ℃, the dielectric constant of water is reduced, the water is enabled to easily dissolve organic pollution such as dioxin and the like, oxygen is introduced into the reaction kettle, free radicals with strong oxidation capacity can be formed, the reaction rate and the oxidation efficiency are improved, chemical bonds of organic matters are broken and finally oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water, and simultaneously, the adsorption coagulation of metal ions in the flying ash is interacted with the flying ash, the catalytic decomposition of dioxin in the fly ash and organic matters in the landfill leachate can be catalyzed, and heavy metal ions in the fly ash are changed into an ion form after hot water reaction, so that the catalytic decomposition of the heavy metal ions can be conveniently combined with additives to promote the heavy metal to be separated from the fly ash; meanwhile, the heat exchanger is used for collecting preheating in the garbage leachate, and the drying oven is dried by using waste heat, so that the utilization rate of energy is improved. Meanwhile, the waste gas generated in the melting furnace is introduced into the drying box, and the fly ash can be dried.
Further, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.4-1.8 parts of ferrous phosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of ferric trichloride, 0.4-0.8 part of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and 1.2-1.7 parts of activated carbon.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the ferrous phosphate can form a compact reticular cementing material, the wrapping of the fly ash is realized, the fly ash is passivated, the strength and the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash are improved, the chelating action of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate on transition metal ions is very strong, particularly, heavy metal elements such as copper, iron, nickel and the like can be chelated with the heavy metal ions in the fly ash and leachate, and meanwhile, the activated carbon can adsorb peculiar smell.
Further, the adjuvant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.6 parts of sulfuric acid, 0.2-0.6 part of calcium oxide, 2.1-3.1 parts of sodium silicate, 0.2-0.5 part of organic sulfur TMT-15, 1.3-1.6 parts of diatomite and 1.4-1.6 parts of cement.
By adopting the technical scheme, the organic sulfur TMT-15 is used and can chelate with heavy metal ions in the fly ash, so that the heavy metal ions in the fly ash are converted into insoluble compounds, the fly ash is more stable, the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the fly ash is solidified by using calcium oxide through a compact mesh cement, the wrapping effect on the fly ash is realized, the pollutants in the fly ash are passivated, the strength and the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash are improved, meanwhile, the calcium oxide can form precipitates with As in the fly ash, the sulfuric acid and the sodium silicate can form hydrogel, the fly ash can be adhered and solidified, the fly ash is solidified and stabilized, the release of the pollutants in the fly ash is reduced, the environmental corrosion resistance of the fly ash is enhanced, the secondary pollution of the fly ash is avoided, the diatomite with a porous structure is added, the peculiar smell and the dioxin of the fly ash can be adsorbed, the effect of purifying the fly ash is achieved, meanwhile, the strength of the fly ash can be increased, the hydration product of the cement has extremely small gaps and extremely low permeability, pollutant particles can be wrapped in the hydration product, the mixed slurry of the fly ash and the cement has strong alkalinity, a plurality of heavy metal ions can generate double decomposition precipitation reaction in the micropores of a solidified substance, hydroxide precipitation with low solubility is formed, and leaching of the heavy metal pollutants is prevented.
Furthermore, a coarse grid and a fine grid positioned below the coarse grid are arranged in the filter material tower, the grid pitch of the coarse grid is 10-15mm, the grid pitch of the fine grid is 1-3mm, and filter materials are placed on the coarse grid and the fine grid.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the leachate got into the filter material tower from the top of filter material tower in, the coarse grid can filter great impurity and particulate matter in the leachate, and the fine grid that is located the coarse grid below can filter less impurity of granule and particulate matter, and the filter material that is located on coarse grid and the fine grid can adsorb peculiar smell, heavy metal ion and organic pollutant in the leachate.
Further, the filter material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-2.4 parts of activated carbon, 0.8-1.3 parts of diatomite, 0.4-0.8 part of kaolin, 1.2-1.5 parts of ion exchange resin, 0.3-0.6 part of coriander powder, 3.5-4.1 parts of water and 0.6-0.9 part of adhesive.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, active carbon and diatomaceous earth have many void structure, peculiar smell and the organic matter of difficult degradation in the leachate can be adsorbed, organic pollutant in the leachate can be adsorbed to kaolin, the alkaline decomposition product of pseudo-melanin and reducing sugar in the leachate can be adsorbed to ion exchange resin, thereby make the leachate decoloration, active group such as amino in the ion exchange resin, hydroxyl can carry out chelate, exchange reaction with heavy metal ion, thereby get rid of the heavy metal ion in the leachate, the heavy metal ion in the leachate can be absorbed to caraway powder, for example mercury, copper and arsenic etc..
Furthermore, the processing temperature of the microwave processing chamber is 1500-.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash and the leachate are treated by utilizing a microwave heating mode, the speed is high, the energy consumption is low, the detoxification is thorough, and particularly, the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate containing various heavy metal elements such as copper, lead, zinc, chromium and the like are treated simultaneously.
Furthermore, the proportion of the fly ash and the water in the water washing pool is 1Kg and (5-10) L, the water washing time is 15-20min, and the stirring speed is 200-300 r/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash is introduced into the washing tank for washing, soluble salt and chloride ions in the fly ash can be removed by washing, the concentration of the soluble salt is reduced, and then the dissolution of heavy metal is reduced.
Furthermore, a heavy metal ion trapping agent with the mass ratio of 1:2.7-3.1 to water is added into the water washing tank.
By adopting the technical scheme, when fly ash enters the water washing tank for water washing, the heavy metal ion capture agent in the water washing tank can perform a chelating action with heavy metal ions in the fly ash, so that the heavy metal ions are converted into insoluble compounds, and are separated from the fly ash, and the release of pollutants in the fly ash is reduced.
Furthermore, a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the water washing pool, and the ratio of the carbon dioxide to the waste incineration fly ash is 1L/min (1-10 Kg).
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, owing to use carbon dioxide bubbling machine to let in the carbon dioxide bubble in the washing tank, can promote heavy metal ion's dissolution, improve the rate of recovery of heavy metal to the purification rate of increase fly ash.
Further, the melting furnace adopts a plasma melting furnace and a rotary kiln.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, because the fly ash and the leachate are subjected to high-temperature harmless mixing treatment by adopting the reaction kettle, the fly ash from incineration of the garbage and the leachate can be treated cooperatively, and oxygen is introduced into the reaction kettle, organic matters in the leachate can be decomposed, the reaction rate is increased, meanwhile, components in the fly ash can catalyze and degrade organic pollutants in the leachate, the efficiency of cooperatively treating the fly ash from incineration of the garbage and the leachate is better, and the treatment effect is better.
Secondly, in the invention, an additive which is in a certain proportion with incineration fly ash and garbage leachate is added into a reaction kettle, wherein ferrous phosphate can form a compact mesh cement to wrap the fly ash, so that the fly ash is passivated, the strength and the environmental erosion resistance of the fly ash are improved, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate can chelate with transition metal ions, and the heavy metal ions in the leachate and the fly ash are separated.
Thirdly, substances such as cement, organic sulfur TMT and the like are added into the auxiliary agent, the cement hydration product is a layered silicate, a plurality of heavy metal ions can replace calcium ions and aluminum ions in crystal lattices of the cement hydration product, so that the cement hydration product is firmly bound, the pores of the cement hydration product are low, pollutants can be wrapped in the cement hydration product, and the organic sulfur TMT-15 can also chelate the metal ions, so that the metal ions are converted into insoluble matters to stabilize the fly ash.
Fourthly, the heavy metal ions in the fly ash can be chelated by adding the heavy metal ion catcher into the water washing pool, so that the heavy metal ions are converted into insoluble compounds, are separated from the fly ash and reduce the emission of pollutants in the fly ash.
Fifthly, in the invention, the carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the washing tank, so that the dissolution of heavy metal ions can be increased, the recovery of the heavy metal ions is improved, and the purification effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the synergistic treatment of incineration fly ash and landfill leachate provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Preparation examples 1 to 3 of additives
Preparation example 1: 1.4 kg of ferrous phosphate, 0.2 kg of ferric trichloride, 0.4 kg of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and 1.2 kg of activated carbon are put into a stirrer, stirred uniformly and then dissolved into an extruder for extrusion granulation.
Preparation example 2: 1.6 kg of ferrous phosphate, 0.4 kg of ferric trichloride, 0.6 kg of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and 1.5 kg of activated carbon are put into a stirrer, stirred uniformly and then dissolved into an extruder for extrusion granulation.
Preparation example 3: 1.8 kg of ferrous phosphate, 0.6 kg of ferric trichloride, 0.8 kg of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and 1.7 kg of activated carbon are put into a stirrer and stirred uniformly, and then dissolved into an extruder for extrusion granulation.
Preparation examples 4 to 5 of Filter media
Preparation example 4: taking 1.5 kg of activated carbon, 0.8 kg of diatomite and 0.4 kg of kaolin, fully stirring the raw materials by using a stirrer to fully mix the raw materials, extruding particles with the particle size of 3mm by using an extruder, pouring the particles into a granulator, adding 1.2 kg of ion exchange resin, 0.3 kg of coriander powder, 3.5 kg of water and 0.6 kg of adhesive, uniformly mixing to generate spherical particles with the spherical diameter of 5mm, naturally curing for 1 hour, drying, and performing steam curing; wherein the ion exchange resin is D201 macroporous strong-base anion resin prepared by Zhejiang Conflict industries GmbH, and the adhesive is C-440 adhesive prepared by Guangdong Federal Fine chemical industries GmbH.
Preparation example 5: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking 1.9 kg of activated carbon, 1.1 kg of diatomite and 0.6 kg of kaolin, fully stirring the activated carbon, the diatomite and the kaolin by using a stirrer to fully mix various raw materials, extruding particles with the particle size of 4mm by using an extruder, pouring the particles into a granulator, adding 1.4 kg of ion exchange resin, 0.5 kg of coriander powder, 3.8 kg of water and 0.7 kg of adhesive, uniformly mixing to generate spherical particles with the spherical diameter of 6mm, naturally curing for 1.5 hours, then drying and performing steam curing, wherein the ion exchange resin is D201 macroporous strong-base anion resin prepared by Nijiang Uygur industry GmbH, and the adhesive is C-440 adhesive prepared by Federa Fine chemical industry Co.
Preparation example 6: 2.4 kg of activated carbon, 1.3 kg of diatomite and 0.8 kg of kaolin are fully stirred by a stirrer to fully mix various raw materials, particles with the particle size of 5mm are extruded by an extruder and poured into a granulator, then 1.5 kg of ion exchange resin, 0.6 kg of coriander powder, 4.1 kg of water and 0.9 kg of adhesive are added and uniformly mixed to generate spherulites with the sphere diameter of 7mm, the spherulites are naturally cured for 2 hours, and then the spherulites are dried and cured by steam, wherein the ion exchange resin is D201 macroporous strong-base anion resin prepared by Nijiang Uygur industry Ltd, and the adhesive is C-440 adhesive prepared by Federal Fine chemical industry Ltd in Guangdong.
Examples
Example 1: a treatment system for co-processing waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate is disclosed, referring to fig. 1, and comprises a fly ash collecting bin, a washing tank, a drying box, a reaction kettle, a microwave treatment chamber, a solid-liquid separator, a melting furnace and a cooling tank which are sequentially connected with a waste incineration flue gas purification device, a leachate collecting tank connected with a waste stacking position, a heat exchanger and a filtering material tower connected with the leachate collecting tank, wherein the heat exchanger is connected with the drying box through a pipeline, the filtering material tower is connected with the reaction kettle through a pipeline, an additive bin and a compressor are connected on the reaction kettle, an auxiliary bin is connected on the melting furnace, and a leachate secondary treatment tank is connected on the solid-liquid separator.
Collecting fly ash collected by a flue gas purification device in a fly ash collecting bin, feeding the fly ash into a washing tank through a pipeline for washing, feeding the fly ash into a drying box after washing, drying by using the waste heat of leachate, feeding the fly ash and the leachate filtered by a filter material tower into a reaction kettle according to a certain proportion, heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle, adding an additive which is in a certain proportion with the fly ash and the leachate into the reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, introducing oxygen into the reaction kettle by using a compressor, introducing the paste into a microwave treatment chamber for microwave treatment after reaction, performing solid-liquid separation, blending and melting the fly ash and an auxiliary agent to prepare molten slag, introducing waste gas generated by melting into the drying box through a pipeline, introducing the molten fly ash into a cooling tank for cooling, and preparing the glass molten slag.
Wherein the mass ratio of the fly ash to the water in the water washing tank is 1Kg to 5L, the water washing time is 15min, the stirring speed is 200r/min, a heavy metal ion capturing agent with the mass ratio of 1:2.7 to the water is arranged in the water washing tank, the heavy metal ion capturing agent is a heavy metal ion capturing agent with the model of TMT-18F produced by Wuhan Bondy Kennedy science and technology Limited, a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the water washing tank, and the ratio of the carbon dioxide to the incineration fly ash is 1L/min to 1 Kg.
The mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in the reaction kettle is 1:5:0.6, the reaction kettle is made of stainless steel and is provided with an automatic stirring device, the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 260 ℃, the pressure of the reaction kettle is set to be 10.5MPa, the reaction is stirred for 2.5 hours, the amount of introduced oxygen is 1.3 times of the COD value of the original leachate, and then the obtained product is sent into a microwave treatment chamber, wherein the additive is prepared by the preparation example 1.
The microwave treatment temperature in the microwave treatment chamber is 1500 ℃, and the treatment time is 40 min.
The leachate enters the filter material tower from the top of the filter material tower, a coarse grid and a fine grid located below the coarse grid are arranged in the filter material tower, the grid distance of the coarse grid is 10mm, the grid distance of the fine grid is 1mm, filter materials are placed on the coarse grid and the fine grid, and the filter materials can adsorb peculiar smell, organic pollutants and heavy metal ions of the leachate, wherein the filter materials are prepared by preparation example 4.
Separating the fly ash and the leachate after microwave treatment by using a solid-liquid separator, performing subsequent treatments such as pH value adjustment, suspended particulate matter removal, heavy metal ion removal and the like on the leachate to reach the national wastewater discharge standard, discharging, mixing the fly ash and the adjuvant separated from the solid-liquid separator according to a ratio of 1:1, and melting, wherein the ratio of the adjuvant is shown in table 1, and the 'part' in table 1 represents the part by weight.
The melting furnace is a plasma melting furnace, the temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 1800, and the cooling mode of the cooling pool is air cooling.
Example 2: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate is different from that in example 1 in that the mass ratio of fly ash to water in a water washing tank is 1Kg to 8L, the water washing time is 18min, the stirring speed is 250r/min, a heavy metal ion capturing agent with the mass ratio of the heavy metal ion capturing agent to the water being 1 to 2.9 is arranged in the water washing tank, a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the water washing tank, and the ratio of carbon dioxide to incineration fly ash is 1L/min to 5 Kg.
The mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in the reaction kettle is 1:7.5:0.8, the reaction kettle is made of stainless steel and is provided with an automatic stirring device, the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 280 ℃, the pressure of the reaction kettle is set to be 15.5MPa, the reaction is stirred for 2.7 hours, the introduced oxygen amount is 1.4 times of the COD value of the original leachate, and then the obtained product is sent into a microwave treatment chamber, wherein the additive is prepared by the preparation example 2.
The microwave treatment temperature in the microwave treatment chamber is 1850 deg.C, and the treatment time is 50 min.
The pitch of the coarse grid is 13mm, the pitch of the fine grid is 2mm, and filter materials are placed on both the coarse grid and the fine grid and prepared by preparation example 5.
The fly ash and the adjuvant separated in the solid-liquid separator are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.3, and then melted, wherein the ratio of the adjuvant is shown in table 1, and the parts in table 1 represent parts by weight.
The melting furnace is a plasma melting furnace, the temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 2000 ℃, and the cooling mode of the cooling pool is water cooling.
Example 3: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate is different from that in example 1 in that the mass ratio of fly ash to water in a water washing tank is 1Kg to 10L, the water washing time is 20min, the stirring speed is 300r/min, a heavy metal ion capturing agent with the mass ratio of the heavy metal ion capturing agent to the water being 1 to 3.1 is arranged in the water washing tank, a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the water washing tank, and the ratio of carbon dioxide to incineration fly ash is 1L/min to 10 Kg.
The mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in the reaction kettle is 1:10:1.0, the reaction kettle is made of stainless steel and is provided with an automatic stirring device, the reaction kettle is heated to 300 ℃, the pressure of the reaction kettle is set to be 20MPa, the reaction is stirred for 3 hours, the amount of introduced oxygen is 1.5 times of the COD value of the original leachate, and then the obtained product is sent into a microwave treatment chamber, wherein the additive is prepared by preparation example 3.
The microwave treatment temperature in the microwave treatment chamber is 2000 deg.C, and the treatment time is 60 min.
The pitch of the coarse grid is 15mm, the pitch of the fine grid is 3mm, and filter materials are placed on both the coarse grid and the fine grid and prepared by preparation example 6.
The fly ash and the adjuvant separated in the solid-liquid separator were mixed at a ratio of 1:1.5 and then melted, wherein the compounding ratio of the adjuvant is shown in table 1, and "part" in table 1 represents part by weight.
The melting furnace is a plasma melting furnace, the temperature of the plasma melting furnace is 2200, and the cooling mode of the cooling pool is liquid nitrogen cooling.
Example 4: a treatment system for the synergistic treatment of waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate differs from that of example 1 in that the auxiliary agents and the corresponding parts by weight of the components are shown in Table 1, and the cement in Table 1 is Portland cement grade 32.5.
TABLE 1 Components contained in the adjuvants of examples 1 to 4 and the parts by weight corresponding to the respective components
Example 5: the difference between the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate and the treatment system in the embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in a reaction kettle is 1:6: 0.7.
Example 6: the difference between the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate and the treatment system in the embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in a reaction kettle is 1:9: 0.9.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: the difference between the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate and the treatment system in the embodiment 1 is that an additive bin is not arranged on a reaction kettle, and no additive is put into the fly ash and the leachate.
Comparative example 2: a system for co-treating fly ash from incineration of garbage and leachate of garbage is different from that of example 1 in that it does not include a microwave treatment chamber and does not perform microwave treatment on the fly ash and leachate.
Comparative example 3: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate differs from example 1 in that no auxiliary agent is added to the fly ash during melting.
Comparative example 4: the difference between the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate and the embodiment 1 is that the filter material used in the filter material tower is a CX-1 type filter material prepared by Guangzhou Chengxing environmental protection technology Co.
Comparative example 5: the difference between the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate and the treatment system in the embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in a reaction kettle is 1:4: 0.5.
Comparative example 6: the treatment system for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash and the waste leachate is different from the treatment system in example 1 in that the mass ratio of the fly ash, the leachate and the additive in a reaction kettle is 1:11: 1.1.
Comparative example 7: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate differs from example 1 in that the mass ratio of fly ash to auxiliary agent in the melting furnace is 1: 0.8.
Comparative example 8: a treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate differs from that of example 1 in that the mass ratio of fly ash and auxiliary agent in a melting furnace is 1: 1.7.
Performance test
Incineration exhaust gas and fly ash were treated according to the treatment systems of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 8, molten slags of the same mass were taken, the types and amounts of heavy metals in the slags were measured by scanning inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the leachate concentrations of heavy metals in the slags were measured according to the method of GB/T15555.1-15555.11 "method for measuring leaching toxicity of solid wastes", the limit value of the leaching toxicity concentration of solid wastes in GB/T50568.3-2007 "identification standard for identifying leaching toxicity of hazardous wastes" was used as a standard, and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 results of slag tests in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 8
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the concentrations of heavy metal leachate in the slags prepared according to the treatment systems in examples 1-8 are all lower than the concentration limit in GB/T50568.3-2007 Standard for identification of hazardous waste leach toxicity identification, while the leachate concentration of various heavy metals is higher than the fixed concentration limit in GB/T50568.3-2007 because no additive is used in comparative example 1, the content of heavy metals in fly ash is higher because no microwave treatment is performed on fly ash and leachate in comparative example 2, the leachate concentration is higher, no adjuvant is used in comparative example 3, the content of heavy metals in fly ash is higher, the filter material in comparative example 4 uses commercial filter material, the heavy metals in fly ash are not greatly affected, and the heavy metal leachate concentration is within the limit specified in GB/T50568.3-2007, the content of leachate and additive in comparative example 5 is low, the content of leachate and additive in comparative example 6 is high, so that the heavy metal content of fly ash in comparative example 5 and comparative example 6 is high, the using amount of the auxiliary agent in comparative example 7 is low, and the using amount of the auxiliary agent in comparative example 8 is high, because the heavy metal content of fly ash in comparative example 7 and comparative example 8 is high, the concentration of heavy metal leachate is greater than the concentration limit value in GB/T50568.3-2007 'hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification', thereby showing that the fly ash can be treated according to the treatment systems in examples 1-6, and harmless and pollution-free slag can be obtained.
The Chinese sewage treatment project network stipulates the current and newly-built domestic garbage filling field water pollutant discharge concentration limit, the CODcr discharge concentration of the leachate is limited to 100mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen discharge concentration is limited to 25mg/L, the domestic garbage leachate is taken, and the CODcr and NH of the leachate are detected according to CJT428-2013, the domestic garbage leachate detection method3N, treating the leachate according to the treatment systems of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 8, taking the treated leachate and detecting CODcr and NH again3-N, results of the measurements are shown in Table 3Shown in the figure.
TABLE 3 results of examination of leachate treated according to the systems of examples 1-6 and examples 1-8
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the leachate treated according to the treatment system of examples 1-6 had CODcr and NH3lower-N content and higher removal rate, while no additive was used in comparative example 1, resulting in the leachate CODcr and NH in comparative example 13higher-N content, while in comparative example 2, no microwave treatment of fly ash and leachate was used, resulting in CODcr and NH in the leachate3higher-N content, not meeting the emission standard, no adjuvant for fly ash in comparative example 3, no influence on leachate, higher leachate and additive content relative to fly ash in comparative example 5, resulting in poor efficiency after leachate treatment, CODcr and NH in leachate3higher-N content, higher amount of leachate and additives used in comparative example 6 relative to fly ash, resulting in CODcr and NH in leachate3The content of N is higher and the amount of adjuvant used in comparative examples 7 and 8 has no effect on the leachate.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A treatment system for co-treating waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate is characterized by comprising a fly ash collection bin connected with flue gas purification equipment, a leachate collection tank positioned at the bottom of a waste stacking position, a washing tank, a drying box, a reaction kettle, a microwave treatment chamber, a solid-liquid separator, a melting furnace and a cooling tank, wherein the washing tank, the drying box, the reaction kettle, the microwave treatment chamber, the solid-liquid separator, the melting furnace and the cooling tank are sequentially connected with the fly ash collection bin;
wherein the leachate collecting tank is connected with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected with the drying box through a pipeline; the bottom of the leachate collecting pool is connected with a filter tower, and the reaction kettle is connected with a compressor; a coarse grating and a fine grating positioned below the coarse grating are arranged in the filter material tower, the grating pitch of the coarse grating is 10-15mm, the grating pitch of the fine grating is 1-3mm, and filter materials are respectively placed on the coarse grating and the fine grating; the filter material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-2.4 parts of activated carbon, 0.8-1.3 parts of diatomite, 0.4-0.8 part of kaolin, 1.2-1.5 parts of ion exchange resin, 0.3-0.6 part of coriander powder, 3.5-4.1 parts of water and 0.6-0.9 part of adhesive;
the bottom of the filter material tower is connected with a reaction kettle through a pipeline, the reaction kettle is connected with an additive bin, the fly ash dried by a drying box, the leachate filtered by the filter material tower and the additive in the additive bin are mixed in the reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:5-10:0.6-1.0, the reaction kettle is heated to 260-300 ℃, the pressure is set to 10.5-20MPa, the temperature is kept for 2.5-3 hours, oxygen is introduced into the reaction kettle through a compressor, and then the fly ash and the leachate are separated through a solid-liquid separator; the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.4-1.8 parts of ferrous phosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of ferric trichloride, 0.4-0.8 part of tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and 1.2-1.7 parts of activated carbon;
the melting furnace is connected with the drying box through a pipeline, smoke generated by melting can dry the drying box, and the melting furnace is connected with an auxiliary agent bin;
mixing and melting the fly ash and the auxiliary agent in the auxiliary agent bin through a melting furnace according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1.5 to obtain harmless slag, and cooling the melted fly ash generated by the melting furnace in a cooling pool to obtain harmless glass slag; adjusting the pH value of the leachate, removing heavy metal ions and then discharging;
the auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.6 parts of sulfuric acid, 0.2-0.6 part of calcium oxide, 2.1-3.1 parts of sodium silicate, 0.2-0.5 part of organic sulfur TMT-15, 1.3-1.6 parts of diatomite and 1.4-1.6 parts of cement.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave treatment chamber has a treatment temperature of 1500-.
3. The system for co-processing waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the fly ash to water in the water washing tank is 1Kg (5-10) L, the water washing time is 15-20min, and the stirring rate is 200-300 r/min.
4. The system for co-processing waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate according to claim 1, wherein the water scrubber is charged with a heavy metal ion scavenger in a mass ratio of 1:2.7-3.1 to water.
5. The system for co-processing waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate according to claim 1, wherein a carbon dioxide bubbling machine is arranged in the water washing tank, and the ratio of carbon dioxide to waste incineration fly ash is 1L/min (1-10 Kg).
6. The system for co-processing waste incineration fly ash and waste leachate according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is a plasma melting furnace or a rotary kiln.
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| CN107138030A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-08 | 北京可林维尔化工有限公司 | Wet desulfurization system synergy scale inhibition heavy metals removal agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108706802B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2021-06-08 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Treatment method and treatment system for pollutants generated by household garbage incineration |
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