CN112474707A - Efficient single-stage washing method and harmless treatment process for fly ash - Google Patents
Efficient single-stage washing method and harmless treatment process for fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- -1 salt ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method and a harmless treatment process, wherein the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method comprises the following steps: pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or acid or alkali to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%; washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance with the chloride ion content of less than 1 wt% and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously. In the fly ash harmless treatment process, solid phase substances obtained in the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage washing method can be used as additives of building material raw materials for standby after drying treatment, and filtrate obtained in the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage washing method contains a large amount of soluble salt ions and can be used as raw materials to prepare industrial salt, so that the fly ash harmless treatment is realized; the efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash does not need to repeatedly enter a slurry melting tank for washing and solid-liquid separation, and is simple in whole process flow, less in consumed time and high in washing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fly ash treatment method, in particular to a fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method and a harmless treatment process.
Background
With the continuous high-speed development of domestic economy and the rapid promotion of national living standard, the annual production amount of municipal domestic waste is greatly increased; one of the important means of municipal waste disposal at the present stage is to utilize a waste incineration power generation method, and through the high-temperature incineration of the municipal waste, the method can effectively sterilize, reduce the volume and reduce the quantity, simultaneously provide a large amount of heat energy for heat supply or power generation, and can recover energy to the maximum extent, but the incineration fly ash generated in the waste incineration process is rich in organic pollutants such as heavy metals, soluble salts and the like, belongs to dangerous waste, and can still cause secondary pollution to the environment if not properly treated;
in the prior art, the incineration fly ash is buried after being solidified and stabilized, harmful substances are fixed or contained in an inert solidified base material through a physical-chemical method and then are sent to a landfill site for burying, but because the method needs to consume a large amount of land resources to build the landfill site, and the risk of secondary environmental hazard is generated.
Therefore, other stable and efficient fly ash treatment technologies are further developed in the industry, such as cement kiln cooperative treatment, the fly ash from incineration is subjected to water washing treatment to remove a large amount of chloride ions and heavy metal elements contained in the fly ash from incineration, and then the pretreated fly ash is used as a raw material and added into the cement production process to realize the resource utilization of the fly ash; the key point of the method is to remove a large amount of chloride ions contained in the incineration fly ash, for example, most of the chloride ions in the incineration fly ash are not removed, so that the quality of cement is influenced; related researches related to incineration fly ash washing processes are also related in the prior art, for example, application No. 201710905024.5 discloses a high-efficiency water-saving garbage fly ash washing dechlorination method and system, the system comprises a feeding bin, a first stirring kettle, a first plate-and-frame filter press, a second stirring kettle, a second plate-and-frame filter press, a third stirring kettle, a third plate-and-frame filter press and a drying device, a first fly ash filter cake discharging pipeline is installed at a feeding port of the feeding bin and a feeding port of the first stirring kettle, a first solid-liquid mixing pipeline is installed between a discharging port of the first stirring kettle and a feeding port of the first plate-and-frame filter press, and a second fly ash filter cake discharging pipeline is installed between a discharging port of the first plate-and-frame filter press and a feeding port. The application number 201811427894.7 discloses a multi-stage dechlorination and washing liquid decalcification softening system for fly ash and a process thereof, wherein the system comprises a fly ash bin, a fly ash washing unit, a mud-water separation unit and a water softening unit, the fly ash washing unit adopts a first-stage washing tank and a second-stage washing tank which are sequentially arranged to carry out two-stage countercurrent washing on fly ash raw materials in the fly ash bin, and the first-stage washing tank uses water from a liquid phase separated after the second-stage washing tank is washed; the mud-water separation unit comprises a gravity settling separation unit connected with the first-stage washing tank and a first mechanical separation unit connected with the second-stage washing tank; and the water softening unit comprises a decalcification reactor, a first flocculation separation device and a second flocculation separation device. The application number 202010042428.8 also discloses a circulating gradient fly ash washing system and a method, the system comprises a clean water tank and a premixing tank, the premixing tank is connected with a first pulping tank, the clean water tank is connected with a second pulping tank, the liquid outlet end of the first pulping tank is connected with a first filter pressing device, the first filter pressing device comprises a plurality of filtrate outlets and a filter cake outlet, the filtrate outlets are respectively connected with a corresponding liquid storage device, the outlet of the liquid storage device is connected with a water treatment system, the filter cake outlet is connected with a second pulping tank, the outlet of the second pulping tank is connected with a second filter pressing device, and the filter cake outlet of the second filter pressing device is connected with a drying system; through effective cooperation between the equipment system, through the repeated washing process, thoroughly clean the salt in the fly ash, remain respectively to the filtrate of different concentrations after the single washing, circulation washing finally obtains the certain concentration salt solution that can recycle once more, separates and draws. According to the technical scheme, the two-stage or even multi-stage washing process is adopted, although chloride ions in the incineration fly ash can be effectively removed, the washing process is complicated, the washing efficiency is low, and the used equipment and treatment water tanks in the washing process are more, so that the occupied area is large, and the investment cost and the operation cost are higher.
In view of the above circumstances, it is desirable to develop a single-stage washing process for fly ash, which can reduce the content of chloride ions in the fly ash after washing to below 1 wt% through single-stage washing, and does not need to repeatedly enter a slurry tank for washing and solid-liquid separation, and the whole process flow is simple, consumes less time, has high washing efficiency, and uses small space occupation and low investment cost of equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency single-stage washing method and a harmless treatment process for fly ash, firstly, fly ash is mixed with a solvent for pulping to obtain a fly ash solution, then the fly ash solution is synchronously subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a filtrate and a solid-phase substance, the content of chloride ions in the solid-phase substance is reduced to below 1 wt% through the treatment, the solid-phase substance is dried and can be used as an additive of a building material raw material for later use, and the filtrate contains a large amount of soluble salt ions and can be used as the raw material for preparing industrial salt, so that the harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized; the efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash does not need to repeatedly enter a slurry melting tank for washing and solid-liquid separation, the whole process flow is simple, the consumed time is less, the washing efficiency is high, and used equipment occupies small space and has low investment cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method, which comprises the following steps:
(a1) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or acid to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
(b1) washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
Preferably, in the step (a1), the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and carbonic acid; the carbonate salt is selected from one or two of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
Preferably, in the step (b1), in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of the water consumption to the raw fly ash is 1-2.5: 1, the washing time is 1.0-2.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (b1), the single-stage solid-liquid separation is performed by plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step (b1), the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is less than 1 wt%.
The second aspect of the invention provides a fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method, which comprises the following steps:
(a2) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or alkali to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
(b2) washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
Preferably, in the step (a2), the alkali is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, ammonia water and potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, in the step (b2), in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of the water consumption to the raw fly ash is 1-2.5: 1, the washing time is 1.0-2.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (b2), the single-stage solid-liquid separation is performed by plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step (b2), the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is less than 1 wt%.
The third aspect of the invention provides a fly ash harmless treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(A1) the fly ash is treated by adopting the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method of the first aspect of the invention to obtain solid phase substances and filtrate;
(B1) carrying out heat treatment on the solid phase to obtain a dried substance;
(C1) and crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water.
Preferably, in the step (B1), the heat treatment temperature is 160-1350 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.1-0.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (C1), the industrial salt includes a sodium chloride byproduct and a potassium chloride byproduct;
the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g;
the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a fly ash harmless treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(A1) treating the fly ash by adopting the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method of the second aspect of the invention to obtain solid phase substances and filtrate;
(B2) carrying out heat treatment on the solid phase to obtain a dried substance;
(C2) and crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water.
Preferably, in the step (B2), the heat treatment temperature is 160-1350 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.1-0.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (C2), the industrial salt includes a sodium chloride byproduct and a potassium chloride byproduct;
the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g;
the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the efficient single-stage washing method of the fly ash can reduce the content of chloride ions in the solid phase to be below 1 wt%, and can achieve the effect of two-stage or even multi-stage washing filtration without repeatedly entering a pulping tank for washing and solid-liquid separation;
2. in the fly ash harmless treatment process, after the fly ash is pretreated, washed in a single stage and separated from solid and liquid in the single stage, the content of chloride ions in a solid phase is reduced to below 1 wt%, a large amount of soluble salt ions are removed, and the solid phase can be used as an additive of a building material raw material for later use after being dried; the filtrate containing a large amount of soluble salt ions can be used for preparing industrial salt through crystallization and salt separation, so that the harmless treatment of fly ash is realized;
3. the efficient single-stage washing method and the harmless treatment process of the fly ash can be used for not only the fly ash from waste incineration, but also other fly ashes, such as sintering fly ash from steel mills.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash high efficiency single stage water scrubbing process of a first aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash high efficiency single stage water scrubbing process according to a second aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a fly ash innocent treatment process according to a third aspect of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a fly ash innocent treatment process of the fourth aspect of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in FIG. 1, the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method provided by the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
(a1) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or acid or carbonate salt to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
the specific process is as follows: firstly, adding fly ash and water or acid or carbonate salt into a stirring barrel in proportion, and stirring for 10-30 min or carrying out aeration stirring for 10-30 min to obtain a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%; wherein the acid can be inorganic acid or organic acid, such as one or more selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid; carbonate salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of both; preferably industrial desalted water is selected, and the pH is adjusted to 7-9. The fly ash is generally waste incineration fly ash, and can also be fly ash generated by a sintering machine in the steel-making process of a steel mill; the solid content of the prepared fly ash solution is preferably 15-35 wt%.
(b1) Washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
The specific process is as follows: performing single-stage water washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation on the fly ash solution prepared in the step (a1) to obtain a solid phase substance with the chloride ion content of less than 1 wt% and a filtrate; wherein the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are synchronously carried out; in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of water consumption to the original fly ash is 1-2.5: 1, controlling the washing time within the range of 1-2.5 h, wherein the specific water consumption is related to the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash and the like, and in a further preferred scheme, the mass ratio of the water consumption to the original fly ash is 1: 1; the single-stage solid-liquid separation process adopts plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 Mpa; the filtrate contains a large amount of soluble salt ions, mainly Na+、K+、Cl-Mainly, the wastewater can enter a wastewater treatment system for treatment; the solid phase can be used as metallurgical raw material and building material after dehydrationThe additive is ready for use.
As shown in FIG. 2, the second aspect of the present invention provides a fly ash high efficiency single stage water washing method, comprising the following steps:
(a2) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or acid to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
the specific process is as follows: firstly, adding fly ash and water or acid into a stirring barrel in proportion, and stirring for 10-30 min or carrying out aeration stirring for 10-30 min to obtain a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%; wherein the alkali can be inorganic alkali, such as one or more selected from sodium hydroxide, ammonia water, and potassium hydroxide; preferably, industrial desalted water is selected, and the pH is adjusted to 7-9. The fly ash is generally waste incineration fly ash, and can also be fly ash generated by a sintering machine in the steel-making process of a steel mill; the solid content of the prepared fly ash solution is preferably 15-35 wt%.
(b2) Washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
The specific process is as follows: performing single-stage water washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation on the fly ash solution prepared in the step (a2) to obtain a solid phase substance with the chloride ion content of less than 1 wt% and a filtrate; wherein the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are synchronously carried out; in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of water consumption to the original fly ash is 1-2.5: 1, controlling the washing time within the range of 1-2.5 h, wherein the specific water consumption is related to the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash and the like, and in a further preferred scheme, the mass ratio of the water consumption to the original fly ash is 1: 1; the single-stage solid-liquid separation process adopts plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 Mpa; the filtrate contains a large amount of soluble salt ions, mainly Na+、K+、Cl-Mainly, the wastewater can enter a wastewater treatment system for treatment; the solid phase can be dehydrated and used as an additive of metallurgical raw materials and building materials for later use.
Based on the efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash provided by the first aspect and the second aspect, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the third and fourth aspects of the invention provide a fly ash harmless treatment process, which comprises the efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash provided by the first aspect or the second aspect and subsequent treatment of solid matters and filtrate, and realizes zero emission of fly ash treatment.
Wherein the solid phase is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 160-1350 ℃, and a dried substance is obtained after the treatment for 0.1-0.5 h, and can be used as an additive of a metallurgical raw material in a metallurgical plant or an additive of a building material in a cement plant, for example, the dried substance replaces part of cement in the preparation process of the cement; crystallizing and separating salt from the filtrate to obtain industrial salt and reuse water, wherein the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride byproduct and a potassium chloride byproduct, and the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5 wt%; the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57 wt%.
The fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method and the harmless treatment process of the invention are further described by combining specific examples, wherein industrial desalted water is mainly adopted in the pretreatment process;
example 1
The fly ash in this example is selected from incineration fly ash generated by a certain waste incineration power plant, and the components and the contents thereof are shown in example 1 in table 1;
the fly ash harmless treatment process in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(A) single-stage washing and filtering of fly ash:
pretreating, namely mixing fly ash and industrial desalted water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5-4.5, adding the fly ash into a stirring barrel, stirring for 15min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fly ash solution with the solid content of 15-35 wt%; wherein the pH of the industrial desalted water is adjusted to 7-9 by hydrochloric acid;
washing and filtering, namely synchronously carrying out single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation on the prepared fly ash solution to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; wherein in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of water consumption to the original fly ash is 1-2.5: 1, controlling the washing time to be 1-2.5 h; the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is 0.5-1 wt% through detection; the components and contents of the filtrate are shown in table 2, example 1;
(B) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Carrying out heat treatment on the solid-phase substance at 160 ℃, and treating for 0.1-0.5 h to obtain a dried substance which can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical plant or a cement plant;
(C) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water, wherein the industrial salt comprises sodium chloride byproduct and potassium chloride byproduct shown in Table 3, and the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g; the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g;
example 2
The fly ash in this example is selected from fly ash produced by a sintering machine in a certain steel mill, and the components and the contents thereof are shown in example 2 in table 1;
the fly ash harmless treatment process in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(A) single-stage washing and filtering of fly ash:
pretreating, namely mixing fly ash and industrial desalted water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5-4.5, adding the mixture into a stirring barrel, stirring for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fly ash solution with the solid content of 15-35 wt%; wherein the pH of the industrial desalted water is adjusted to 7-9 by hydrochloric acid;
washing and filtering, namely synchronously carrying out single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation on the prepared fly ash solution to obtain a solid phase substance and filtrate; wherein in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of water consumption to the original fly ash is 1: 1, controlling the washing time to be 1-2.5 h; the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is 0.41 wt% through detection; the components and contents of the filtrate are shown in table 2, example 2;
(B) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Carrying out heat treatment on the solid-phase substance at 160 ℃, and treating for 0.1-0.5 h to obtain a dried substance which can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical plant or a cement plant;
(C) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water, wherein the industrial salt comprises sodium chloride byproduct and potassium chloride byproduct as shown in example 2 in Table 3, and the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g; the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g;
example 3
The fly ash in this example is selected from incineration fly ash generated by a certain waste incineration power plant, and the components and the contents thereof are shown in example 3 in table 1;
the fly ash harmless treatment process in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(A) single-stage washing and filtering of fly ash:
pretreating, namely mixing fly ash and industrial desalted water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5-4.5, adding the fly ash into a stirring barrel, stirring for 30min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fly ash solution with the solid content of 15-35 wt%; wherein the pH of the industrial desalted water is adjusted to 7-9 by hydrochloric acid;
washing and filtering, namely synchronously carrying out single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation on the prepared fly ash solution to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; wherein in the single-stage washing process, the mass ratio of water consumption to the original fly ash is 1: 1, controlling the washing time to be 1-2.5 h; the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is 0.39 wt% through detection; the components and contents of the filtrate are shown in table 2, example 3;
(B) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Carrying out heat treatment on the solid-phase substance at 160 ℃, and treating for 0.1-0.5 h to obtain a dried substance which can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical plant or a cement plant;
(C) treating the solid phase and filtrate
Crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water, wherein the industrial salt comprises sodium chloride byproduct and potassium chloride byproduct as shown in example 3 in Table 3, and the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g; the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g;
TABLE 1 composition and content (wt%) of fly ash
TABLE 2 composition and content (mg/L) of the filtrate
| Ca2+ | Cl- | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | PH | |
| Example 1 | 9990 | 93200 | 40843 | 16300 | 3630 | 11.9 |
| Example 2 | 560 | 78500 | 35600 | 56200 | 2100 | 10.2 |
| Example 3 | 8900 | 103200 | 51569 | 15200 | 5521 | 12.1 |
TABLE 3 composition and content of Industrial by-products (g/100g)
In the above embodiments 1 to 3, most of the water used in the single-stage washing filtration of the fly ash is recycled as recycled water, and can be reused in the single-stage washing filtration of the fly ash, after the single-stage washing filtration of the fly ash, the content of chloride ions is reduced to below 1 wt%, and soluble salt ions in the fly ash are eluted into the filtrate, and the industrial salt is prepared after crystallization and salt separation, and no sewage is discharged in the whole process, the energy consumption in the treatment process is low, zero emission is realized in the process, and the process is not limited by regions and the like.
With reference to embodiments 1-3 and tables 1-3, the efficient single-stage washing method for fly ash provided by the invention comprises the steps of mixing fly ash and a solvent for pulping to obtain a fly ash solution, and then synchronously washing and performing solid-liquid separation on the fly ash solution to obtain a filtrate and a solid-phase substance, so that the content of chloride ions in the solid-phase substance is reduced to below 1 wt%, and the efficient single-stage washing method for fly ash can achieve the effect of two-stage or even multi-stage washing filtration without repeatedly entering a pulping tank for washing and performing solid-liquid separation, so that the whole process flow is simple, the time consumption is low, the washing efficiency is high, the occupied space of used equipment is small, and the investment cost is low; in the fly ash harmless treatment process, after the fly ash is pretreated, washed in a single stage and separated from solid and liquid in the single stage, the content of chloride ions in a solid phase is reduced to below 1 wt%, a large amount of soluble salt ions are removed, and the solid phase can be used as an additive of a building material raw material for later use after being dried; the filtrate containing a large amount of soluble salt ions can be used for preparing industrial salt through crystallization and salt separation, so that the harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. The efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a1) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or acid or carbonate salt to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
(b1) washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
2. A fly ash high efficiency single stage water washing process according to claim 1, wherein in step (a1), the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid; the carbonate is selected from one or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
3. The efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b1), the mass ratio of the water consumption to the original fly ash in the single-stage washing process is 1-2.5: 1, the washing time is 1.0-2.5 h.
4. The efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b1), the single-stage solid-liquid separation adopts plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 Mpa.
5. A fly ash high efficiency single stage water wash process according to claim 1, wherein in step (b1), the chloride ion content of the solid phase is less than 1 wt%.
6. The efficient single-stage washing method for the fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a2) pretreating, namely mixing the fly ash with water or alkali to prepare a fly ash solution with the solid content of 1-35 wt%;
(b2) washing and filtering, wherein the fly ash solution is subjected to single-stage washing and single-stage solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate; the single-stage water washing process and the single-stage solid-liquid separation process are carried out synchronously.
7. A high efficiency single stage water scrubbing process of fly ash as claimed in claim 6, wherein in said step (a2), said base is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, ammonia, potassium hydroxide.
8. The efficient single-stage washing method for fly ash according to claim 6, wherein in the step (b2), the mass ratio of the water consumption to the original fly ash in the single-stage washing process is 1-2.5: 1, the washing time is 1.0-2.5 h.
9. The efficient single-stage washing method for fly ash according to claim 6, wherein in the step (b2), the single-stage solid-liquid separation adopts plate-and-frame filter pressing, and the filtering pressure is 0.6-1.5 MPa.
10. A fly ash high efficiency single stage water wash process according to claim 6, wherein in step (b2), the chloride ion content of the solid phase is less than 1 wt%.
11. A fly ash harmless treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A1) treating fly ash by using the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method of any one of claims 1 to 5 to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate;
(B1) carrying out heat treatment on the solid phase to obtain a dried substance;
(C1) and crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water.
12. A fly ash innocent treatment process according to claim 11, wherein in the step (B1), the heat treatment temperature is 160 to 1350 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.1 to 0.5 h.
13. A fly ash innocent treatment process according to claim 11, wherein in the step (C1), the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride byproduct and a potassium chloride byproduct;
the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g;
the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g.
14. A fly ash harmless treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A2) treating fly ash by using the fly ash high-efficiency single-stage water washing method of any one of claims 6 to 10 to obtain a solid phase substance and a filtrate;
(B2) carrying out heat treatment on the solid phase to obtain a dried substance;
(C2) and crystallizing the filtrate to separate salt to obtain industrial salt and reuse water.
15. A fly ash innocent treatment process according to claim 14, wherein in the step (B2), the heat treatment temperature is 160 to 1350 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.1 to 0.5 h.
16. A fly ash innocent treatment process according to claim 14, wherein in the step (C2), the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride byproduct and a potassium chloride byproduct;
the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride product is more than or equal to 97.5g/100 g;
the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride byproduct is more than or equal to 57g/100 g.
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