JP2022071861A - High performance single water washing method of incineration ash and detoxification treatment process - Google Patents
High performance single water washing method of incineration ash and detoxification treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 130
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000382 dechlorinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、焼却灰の処理方法、特に焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法及び無害化処理プルセスに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating incinerator ash, particularly a high-efficiency single-wash method for incinerator ash and a detoxification treatment plush.
国内経済の持続的な高速発展及び国民生活水準の急速な向上に伴い、都市ゴミの年間生産量も大幅に増加している。現段階では、都市ゴミ処理の重要な手段の一つとして、ゴミ焼却発電法が利用されることである。都市ゴミは高温焼却処理を通じて、効果よく殺菌と減容されると共に、熱供給と発電に大量の熱エネルギーを供給でき、最大限度にエネルギーを回収することを達成できる。しかしながら、ゴミ高温焼却処理に伴い、生じられる重金属と可溶性塩等の有機汚染物質を含む焼却灰は、有害廃棄物に属するので、適切に処理しなければ環境に二次汚染を引き起こす。 With the sustainable rapid development of the domestic economy and the rapid improvement of the standard of living of the people, the annual production of municipal waste has also increased significantly. At this stage, the waste incinerator power generation method is used as one of the important means of municipal waste disposal. Through high-temperature incineration, municipal waste can be effectively sterilized and reduced in volume, and a large amount of heat energy can be supplied to heat supply and power generation, achieving maximum energy recovery. However, incineration ash containing heavy metals and organic pollutants such as soluble salts generated by high-temperature incineration of waste belongs to hazardous waste, and if not properly treated, it causes secondary pollution to the environment.
既存技術は、物理化学方法により、有害物質を不活性な硬化基材の中に固定又は収容させて、その後に埋め立て場所に送って埋め立て処理される、という焼却灰が硬化と安定化処理後に埋め立てる方法を採用している。しかし、この方法は、埋め立て場所を建設するために、大量の土地資源が消耗されるし、環境へ二次汚染を招くリスクもある。 The existing technology uses a physicochemical method to fix or store harmful substances in an inert hardened substrate, and then send them to a landfill site for landfill treatment. Incineration ash is landfilled after hardening and stabilization treatment. The method is adopted. However, this method consumes a large amount of land resources in order to construct a landfill site, and there is a risk of causing secondary pollution to the environment.
そのため、業界ではほかの安定かつ効果的な焼却灰の処理技術をさらに研究されている。例えば、セメントキルンを利用する協同処理方法が記載されている。該方法は、水洗処理を通じて、焼却灰に含まれる多量の塩素イオンと重金属元素を除去できるので、前処理後の焼却灰を原材料としてセメントの生産に投入することにより、焼却灰の資源化を実現できる。この方法の鍵は、焼却灰に含まれる多量の塩化物イオンを除去することであり、焼却灰に含まれる塩化物イオンの大部分を除去しないと、セメントの品質に影響を及ぼすからである。既存技術では、焼却灰の水洗プロセスに関する研究も記載されている。 Therefore, the industry is further researching other stable and effective incinerator ash treatment techniques. For example, a collaborative treatment method using a cement kiln is described. Since this method can remove a large amount of chlorine ions and heavy metal elements contained in incinerator ash through water washing treatment, the incinerator ash after pretreatment can be used as a raw material for cement production to realize the recycling of incinerator ash. can. The key to this method is to remove a large amount of chloride ions contained in the incinerated ash, and if most of the chloride ions contained in the incinerated ash are not removed, the quality of the cement will be affected. Existing techniques also describe research on the washing process of incinerated ash.
例えば、特許文献１は、効率的かつ節水的なゴミ焼却灰の水洗脱塩素法及びシステムを開示している。該システムには、フィードビンと、第1アジテータと、第1プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスと、第2アジテータと、第2プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスと、第3アジテータと、第3プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスと、乾燥設備と、を備える。前記フィードビンと第1アジテータの原料入口部のところには、第１焼却灰ケーキの排出管が設置され、第１アジテータの原料出口部と第１プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスの原料入口部の間には、第１固液混合パイプが設置され、前記第１プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスの原料出口部と第２アジテータの原料入口部の間には、第２焼却灰ケーキの排出管が設置される。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an efficient and water-saving method and system for washing and dechlorinating waste incinerator ash. The system includes a feed bin, a first agitator, a first plate frame filter press, a second agitator, a second plate frame filter press, a third agitator, and a third plate frame filter press. , With drying equipment. A discharge pipe for the first incinerator ash cake is installed at the feed bin and the raw material inlet of the first agitator, and between the raw material outlet of the first agitator and the raw material inlet of the first plate frame / filter press. A first solid-liquid mixing pipe is installed, and a second incinerator ash cake discharge pipe is installed between the raw material outlet of the first plate frame filter press and the raw material inlet of the second agitator.
また、特許文献２は、焼却灰の複数回脱塩素法と水洗脱カルシウム軟化システムおよびそのプロセスを開示している。該システムには、焼却灰サイロと、焼却灰水洗ユニットと、泥水分離ユニットと、水質軟化ユニットと、を含む。焼却灰水洗ユニットは、順次に設置される一級水洗タンクと二級水洗タンクを利用して、焼却灰サイロ中の焼却灰原材料に二回の逆流的水洗を行う。該一級水洗タンク中の水は、二級水洗タンクで水洗処理後に分離された液相から供給される。該泥水分離ユニットは、一級水洗タンクに接続された重力沈降分離ユニットと、二級水タンクに接続された第１機械分離ユニットと、を含む。該水質軟化ユニットは、脱カルシウム反応器と、第１凝集分離設備と、第２凝集分離設備と、を含む。 Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a multiple dechlorination method for incinerator ash, a water-washing decalcification softening system, and a process thereof. The system includes an incinerator ash silo, an incinerator ash water washing unit, a muddy water separation unit, and a water softening unit. The incinerator ash water washing unit uses the first-class water-washing tank and the second-class water-washing tank, which are sequentially installed, to wash the incinerator ash raw material in the incinerator silo twice with backflow water washing. The water in the primary water washing tank is supplied from the liquid phase separated after the water washing treatment in the secondary water washing tank. The muddy water separation unit includes a gravity settling separation unit connected to a primary water washing tank and a first mechanical separation unit connected to a secondary water tank. The water softening unit includes a decalcification reactor, a first coagulation / separation facility, and a second coagulation / separation facility.
さらに、特許文献３は、焼却灰の循環式水洗システムと方法を開示している。該システムには、清水タンクと、プレブレンドタンクと、を備える。前記プレブレンドタンクはすべてが第１ビータータンクに接続され、前記清水タンクはすべてが第２ビータータンクに接続され、前記第１ビータータンクのアウトレットが第１フィルタープレス設備に接続される。前記第１フィルタープレス設備は、複数のろ液排出口と、ろ過ケーキの排出口と、を含む。前記複数のろ液排出口がそれぞれ対応している貯液設備に接続され、前記貯液設備の排出口が水処理システムに接続され、前記ろ過ケーキ排出口が第２ビータータンクに接続され、前記第２ビータータンクの排出口が第２フィルタープレス設備に接続され、前記第２フィルタープレス設備のろ過ケーキの排出口が乾燥システムに接続される。上記の各設備システム間の効果的な協力により、繰り返し水洗処理を通じて、焼却灰中の塩を徹底的に洗浄できる。かつ、毎回水洗された後の濃度異なるろ液を別々に保存し、また循環式の水洗処理を行い、最終に得られる再利用可能な一定濃度の塩溶液を分離抽出を処理する。 Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a circulating water washing system and a method for incinerated ash. The system includes a fresh water tank and a pre-blend tank. All of the pre-blend tanks are connected to the first beater tank, all of the fresh water tanks are connected to the second beater tank, and the outlet of the first beater tank is connected to the first filter press equipment. The first filter press facility includes a plurality of filtrate discharge ports and a filter cake discharge port. The plurality of filtrate discharge ports are connected to the corresponding liquid storage facilities, the discharge ports of the liquid storage facilities are connected to the water treatment system, and the filter cake discharge ports are connected to the second beater tank. The outlet of the second beater tank is connected to the second filter press equipment, and the outlet of the filtration cake of the second filter press equipment is connected to the drying system. With effective cooperation between each of the above equipment systems, the salt in the incinerator ash can be thoroughly washed through repeated washing with water. In addition, the filtrates having different concentrations after each washing with water are stored separately, and a circulating water washing treatment is performed, and the finally obtained reusable salt solution having a constant concentration is separated and extracted.
しかしながら、上記の既存技術では、二回または複数回の水洗プロセスを採用して、焼却灰中の塩素イオンを効果的に除去できるが、水洗処理の過程が複雑であり、効率も低く、それに水洗処理の過程に必要な設備と処理プールが多いので、敷地面積が広く、投資コスト及び運営コストが高騰等を問題とする。 However, although the above-mentioned existing technique can effectively remove chlorine ions in the incinerated ash by adopting a double or multiple washing process, the washing process is complicated, inefficient, and washed with water. Since there are many facilities and processing pools required for the processing process, the site area is large, and investment costs and operating costs are soaring.
上記従来の技術における問題点に鑑み、焼却灰の単回水洗プロセスの開発が期待されている。単回の水洗処理だけで、焼却灰中の塩素イオン含有量を1wt%以下に低減でき、しかも繰り返しにビータータンクに入って水洗と固液分離する必要はなく、全体のプロセスは簡単であり、所要時間が少なく、水洗処理の効率も高く、しかも設備の占用スペースが小さく、投資コストの削減を達成できる。 In view of the problems in the above-mentioned conventional technique, the development of a single water washing process for incinerator ash is expected. The chlorine ion content in the incinerated ash can be reduced to 1 wt% or less with just one water wash treatment, and there is no need to repeatedly enter the beater tank for water wash and solid-liquid separation, and the whole process is simple. The required time is short, the efficiency of the washing process is high, the space occupied by the equipment is small, and the investment cost can be reduced.
既存技術における欠陥に対して、本発明は、焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法及び無害化処理プロセスを提供することを目的とする。まず、焼却灰を溶剤と混合して焼却灰溶液を調製し、次に、焼却灰溶液に同時に単回水洗と単回固液分離処理を行い、その後にろ液と固相物を得る。上記の処理により、固相物中の塩化物イオン含有量を1wt％以下に低下でき、乾燥処理後の該固相物は、建築原料の添加物として利用でき、かつ、ろ液には多量の可溶性塩イオンを含むので、工業塩の原材料として利用できる、これにより、焼却灰の無害化処理を実現できる。上記の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法は、繰り返しにビータータンクに入って水洗および固液分離する必要はなく、全体のプロセスには、簡単であり、所要時間が少なく、また水洗処理の効率が高く、更に設備の占用スペースが小さく、投資コストが低い等の優勢がある。 For defects in the existing technique, it is an object of the present invention to provide a highly efficient single water washing method and detoxification treatment process for incinerator ash. First, the incinerator ash is mixed with a solvent to prepare an incinerator ash solution, and then the incinerator ash solution is simultaneously washed with water and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a filtrate and a solid phase product are obtained. By the above treatment, the chloride ion content in the solid phase product can be reduced to 1 wt% or less, the solid phase product after the drying treatment can be used as an additive for building raw materials, and a large amount is contained in the filtrate. Since it contains soluble salt ions, it can be used as a raw material for industrial salts, which makes it possible to realize detoxification of incinerated ash. The above-mentioned high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash does not need to be repeatedly put into a beater tank for washing and solid-liquid separation, and the whole process is simple, requires less time, and is efficient in washing process. The advantages are high, the space occupied by the equipment is small, and the investment cost is low.
本発明は、上記の課題を達成するために、下記の技術案を採用する。
本発明による第１の態様に提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法には、
焼却灰を水または酸と混合して、固形分が1～35 wt％の焼却灰溶液を調製する前処理ステップ（a１）と、
前記焼却灰溶液を、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理した後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行う水洗とろ過ステップ（b１）と、を含有する。
The present invention adopts the following technical proposals in order to achieve the above-mentioned problems.
The high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes
The pretreatment step (a1), in which the incinerator ash is mixed with water or acid to prepare an incinerator ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%,
The incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. , Contain.
好ましくは、前記ステップ（a１）において、前記酸は、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸、リン酸、および炭酸から選ばれる1種または多種であり、前記炭酸塩類は、炭酸ナトリウムと炭酸水素ナトリウム中の1種または2種の混合物である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b１）において、前記単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1～2.5：1であり、水洗時間が1.0～2.5 時間である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b１）において、前記単回固液分離プロセスは、プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスを利用してろ過し、ろ過圧力が0.6～1.5 Mpaである。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b１）において、前記固相物中の塩化物イオン含有量が1 wt％以下である。
Preferably, in step (a1), the acid is one or more selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, and carbonic acid, and the carbonates are 1 in sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A species or a mixture of two species.
Preferably, in the single washing process in the step (b1), the mass ratio of the amount of water used to the original incinerated ash is 1 to 2.5: 1, and the washing time is 1.0 to 2.5 hours.
Preferably, in step (b1), the single solid-liquid separation process is filtered using a plate frame filter press and has a filtration pressure of 0.6-1.5 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step (b1), the chloride ion content in the solid phase product is 1 wt% or less.
本発明による第２の態様に提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法には、
焼却灰を水またはアルカリと混合して、固形分が1～35 wt％の焼却灰溶液を調製する前処理ステップ（a２）と、
前記焼却灰溶液を、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理した後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行う水洗とろ過ステップ（b２）と、を含有する。
The high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the second aspect of the present invention includes
The pretreatment step (a2), in which the incinerator ash is mixed with water or alkali to prepare an incinerator ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%,
The incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. , Contain.
好ましくは、前記ステップ（a２）において、前記アルカリは、水酸化ナトリウム、アンモニア水、水酸化カリウムから選ばれる1種または多種である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b２）において、前記単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1～2.5：1であり、水洗時間が1.0～2.5 時間である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b２）において、前記単回固液分離プロセスは、プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスを利用してろ過し、ろ過圧力が0.6～1.5 Mpaである。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（b２）において、前記固相物中の塩化物イオン含有量が1 wt％以下である。
Preferably, in the step (a2), the alkali is one or more selected from sodium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia and potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, in the single washing process in the step (b2), the mass ratio of the amount of water used to the original incinerated ash is 1 to 2.5: 1, and the washing time is 1.0 to 2.5 hours.
Preferably, in step (b2), the single solid-liquid separation process is filtered using a plate frame filter press and has a filtration pressure of 0.6-1.5 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step (b2), the chloride ion content in the solid phase product is 1 wt% or less.
本発明による第３の態様に提供される焼却灰無害化処理プロセスには、
前記第1の態様に記載の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法による、焼却灰が処理された後、固相物とろ液を得るステップ（A1）と、
前記固相物は熱処理された後に、乾燥物を得るステップ（B1）と、
前記ろ液は、結晶化による塩分離処理後に、工業塩と再用水を得るステップ（C1）と、
を含有する。
The incinerator ash detoxification treatment process provided in the third aspect of the present invention includes
The step (A1) of obtaining a solid phase product and a filtrate after the incinerator ash is treated by the high-efficiency single-time washing method of the incinerator ash according to the first aspect.
After the solid phase product is heat-treated, the step (B1) of obtaining a dry product is performed.
The filtrate is subjected to the step (C1) of obtaining industrial salt and reusable water after salt separation treatment by crystallization.
Contains.
好ましくは、前記ステップ（B１）において、前記熱処理温度が160～1350℃であり、処理時間が0.1～0.5 時間である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（Ｃ１）において、前記工業塩は塩化ナトリウム副産物と塩化カリウム副産物を含む。
前記塩化ナトリウム副産物中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100gである。
前記塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gである。
Preferably, in the step (B1), the heat treatment temperature is 160 to 1350 ° C. and the treatment time is 0.1 to 0.5 hours.
Preferably, in step (C1), the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product.
The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g.
The content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g.
本発明による第４の態様に提供される焼却灰無害化処理プロセスには、
前記第２の態様に記載の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法による、焼却灰が処理された後、固相物とろ液を得るステップ（A２）と、
前記固相物が熱処理された後に、乾燥物を得るステップ（B２）と、
前記ろ液は、結晶化による塩分離処理後に、工業塩と再用水を得るステップ（C２）と、
を含有する。
The incinerator ash detoxification treatment process provided in the fourth aspect of the present invention includes
The step (A2) of obtaining a solid phase product and a filtrate after the incinerator ash is treated by the high-efficiency single-time washing method of the incinerator ash according to the second aspect.
In the step (B2) of obtaining a dried product after the solid phase product has been heat-treated,
The filtrate is subjected to the step (C2) of obtaining industrial salt and reusable water after salt separation treatment by crystallization.
Contains.
好ましくは、前記ステップ（B２）において、前記熱処理温度が160～1350℃であり、処理時間が0.1～0.5時間である。
好ましくは、前記ステップ（Ｃ２）において、前記工業塩は塩化ナトリウム副産物と塩化カリウム副産物を含む。
前記塩化ナトリウム副産物中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100 gである。
前記塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gである。
Preferably, in the step (B2), the heat treatment temperature is 160 to 1350 ° C. and the treatment time is 0.1 to 0.5 hours.
Preferably, in step (C2), the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product.
The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g.
The content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g.
１．本発明による焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法は、まず焼却灰を溶剤と混合して焼却灰溶液を調製し、次に焼却灰溶液を同時に単回水洗と単回固液分離処理を行い、その後にろ液と固相物を得る方法に関する。上記の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法により、固相物中の塩素イオン含有量を1 wt%以下に低減でき、かつ、繰り返しにビータータンクに入って水洗処理と固液分離することはなくても、二回または複数回の水洗とろ過処理の効果を達成できる。プロセス全体には、簡単かつ処理時間が少なく、水洗の効率が高く、しかも設備の占用スペースが小さい及び投資コストが低い等の優勢がある。 1. 1. In the high-efficiency single-time washing method for incinerated ash according to the present invention, first, the incinerated ash is mixed with a solvent to prepare an incinerated ash solution, and then the incinerated ash solution is simultaneously washed with a single water and a single solid-liquid separation treatment. After that, the present invention relates to a method for obtaining a filtrate and a solid phase product. By the above-mentioned high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash, the chlorine ion content in the solid phase can be reduced to 1 wt% or less, and it does not repeatedly enter the beater tank and be washed with water and separated into solid and liquid. However, the effect of double or multiple washing with water and filtration can be achieved. The whole process has advantages such as simple and short processing time, high efficiency of washing with water, small space occupied by equipment, and low investment cost.
２．また、本発明の焼却灰無害化処理プロセスでは、焼却灰が前処理、単回水洗処理及び単回固液分離処理された後、固相物中の塩素イオン含有量が1 wt%以下に低減され、多量の可溶性塩イオンを除去できる。乾燥処理後の該固相物は、建築原料の添加物として利用でき、かつ、多量の可溶性塩イオンを含むろ液は、結晶化による塩分離処理によって、工業塩を調製できるので、焼却灰の無害化処理を達成できる。 2. 2. Further, in the incinerator ash detoxification treatment process of the present invention, the chloride ion content in the solid phase product is reduced to 1 wt% or less after the incinerator ash is pretreated, once washed with water and once separated into solid and liquid. And a large amount of soluble salt ions can be removed. The solid phase product after the drying treatment can be used as an additive for building raw materials, and the filtrate containing a large amount of soluble salt ions can be prepared as an industrial salt by salt separation treatment by crystallization. Detoxification treatment can be achieved.
３．さらに、本発明の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法及び焼却灰無害化処理プロセスは、ゴミ焼却灰に用いるだけでなく、例えば製鉄所の焼結集塵灰等、他の種類の飛灰にも拡張できる。 3. 3. Further, the high-efficiency single-washing method for incinerator ash and the detoxification treatment process for incinerator ash of the present invention are not only used for garbage incinerator ash, but also for other types of fly ash such as sintered dust collected ash from steel mills. Can be expanded.
以下の図面を参照しながら、非限定的な実施例を詳細に説明することにより、本発明の他の特徴、目的、および利点がより明らかになれる。 The other features, objectives, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent by describing in detail the non-limiting examples with reference to the following drawings.
同業者が本発明をさらに理解することに役立つために、以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples in order to help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
図1に示すように、本発明の第1の態様で提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法は、下記ステップを含む。 As shown in FIG. 1, the high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps.
ステップ（a1）前処理、焼却灰を水または酸または炭酸塩類と混合して、固形分が1～35 wt％の焼却灰溶液を調整する。 Step (a1) Pretreatment, incinerator ash is mixed with water or acid or carbonates to prepare an incinerator ash solution with a solid content of 1-35 wt%.
具体的な過程は以下の通り説明する。まず、焼却灰を水または酸または炭酸塩類と、所定の比率で撹拌桶に加え、それから10～30分間撹拌または曝気撹拌させて、その後に固形分が1～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を得る。その中の酸は無機酸あるいは有機酸であってもいい、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、草酸、リン酸、炭酸から選ばれる一種または多種であり、炭酸塩類は炭酸ナトリウムと炭酸水素ナトリウム中の一種または二種の混合物である。好ましくは、工業用脱塩水を選択し、かつpHを7～9まで調整させる。焼却灰は、一般的にゴミ焼却灰を採用し、または製鉄所の製鋼過程で焼結機より発生した飛灰を採用することもできる。調製された焼却灰溶液の固形分は、15～35 wt%のを選択するのが好ましい。 The specific process will be explained as follows. First, the incineration ash is added to a stirring tub with water or acid or carbonates in a predetermined ratio, and then agitated or agitated for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain an incineration ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%. .. The acid thereof may be an inorganic acid or an organic acid, for example, one or a variety selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, herbic acid, phosphoric acid, and carbonic acid, and carbonates are one or more of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. It is a mixture of two kinds. Preferably, industrial desalinated water is selected and the pH is adjusted to 7-9. As the incinerator ash, generally, garbage incinerator ash can be adopted, or flying ash generated from a sintering machine in the steelmaking process of a steel mill can also be adopted. The solid content of the prepared incinerator ash solution is preferably 15 to 35 wt%.
ステップ（b1）水洗とろ過処理、前記焼却灰溶液は、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理された後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行われる。 Step (b1) Water washing and filtration treatment, the incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. It is done at the same time.
具体的な過程は次の通り説明する。ステップ（a1）において、調整された焼却灰溶液が単回水洗と単回固液分離処理され、塩素イオンの含有量が1 wt%以下の固相物とろ液を得る。該単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行われる。該単回水洗プロセスにおいて、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1～2.5：1であり、水洗時間が1～2.5 時間の範囲に制御させる。具体的な使用水量は、水洗時間と焼却灰の物理化学性質等と関連付けて、さらに好ましくは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1：1であること。該単回固液分離プロセスにおいて、プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスを採用してろ過し、ろ過圧力が0.6～1.5 Mpaとする。前記得られたろ液には、Na+、K+、Cl-を主として多くの可溶性塩イオンを含み、、廃水処理システムに入って処理されることができる。該固相物は、脱水された後に、冶金原料と建材原料の添加物として予備とすることができる。 The specific process will be explained as follows. In step (a1), the prepared incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single washing with water and a single solid-liquid separation treatment to obtain a solid phase product and a filtrate having a chloride ion content of 1 wt% or less. The single washing process and the single solid-liquid separation process are performed at the same time. In the single washing process, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1 to 2.5: 1, and the washing time is controlled in the range of 1 to 2.5 hours. The specific amount of water used is related to the washing time and the physicochemical properties of the incinerated ash, and more preferably, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1: 1. In the single solid-liquid separation process, a plate frame filter press is used for filtration, and the filtration pressure is 0.6 to 1.5 Mpa. The obtained filtrate contains a large amount of soluble salt ions mainly containing Na + , K + , and Cl − , and can be treated by entering a wastewater treatment system. After dehydration, the solid phase product can be used as a reserve as an additive for a metallurgical raw material and a building material raw material.
図2に示すように、本発明の第２の態様で提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法は、下記のステップを含む。 As shown in FIG. 2, the high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the second aspect of the present invention includes the following steps.
ステップ（a2）前処理、焼却灰を水または酸と混合して、固形分が1～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を調製する。 Step (a2) Pretreatment, incinerator ash is mixed with water or acid to prepare an incinerator ash solution with a solid content of 1-35 wt%.
具体的な過程は以下の通り説明する。まず、焼却灰を水または酸と所定の比率で撹拌桶に加え、10～30分間撹拌または曝気撹拌させて、固形分が1～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を得る。その中のアルカリは無機アルカリを選択でき、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、アンモニア水、水酸化カリウムから選ばれる一種または多種の混合物である。好ましくは、工業用脱塩水を選択し、かつpHを7～9まで調整させる。焼却灰は、一般的にゴミ焼却灰を採用し、または製鉄所の製鋼過程で焼結機より発生した飛灰を採用することもできる。調製された焼却灰溶液の固形分は、15～35 wt%を選択するのが好ましい。 The specific process will be explained as follows. First, incinerator ash is added to a stirring tub at a predetermined ratio with water or acid, and the mixture is stirred for 10 to 30 minutes or aerated with air to obtain an incinerated ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%. The alkali in it can be selected from an inorganic alkali, and is, for example, one or a mixture selected from sodium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, and potassium hydroxide. Preferably, industrial desalinated water is selected and the pH is adjusted to 7-9. As the incinerator ash, generally, garbage incinerator ash can be adopted, or flying ash generated from a sintering machine in the steelmaking process of a steel mill can also be adopted. The solid content of the prepared incinerator ash solution is preferably 15 to 35 wt%.
ステップ（b 2）水洗とろ過処理、前記焼却灰溶液は、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理された後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行われる。 Step (b 2) Water washing and filtration treatment, the incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. The single water washing process and the single solid-liquid separation process. Are done at the same time.
具体的な過程は次の通り説明する。ステップ（a2）において、調整された焼却灰溶液が単回水洗と単回固液分離処理され、塩素イオンの含有量が1 wt%以下の固相物とろ液を得る。該単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行われる。該単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1～2.5：1であり、水洗時間が1～2.5 時間の範囲に制御させる。具体的な使用水量は、水洗時間と焼却灰の物理化学性質等と関連付けて、さらに好ましくは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1：1であること。単回固液分離プロセスは、プレートフレーム・フィルタープレスを採用してろ過し、ろ過圧力が0.6～1.5 Mpaとする。前記得られたろ液には、Na+、K+、Cl-を主として多量の可溶性塩イオンを含み、廃水処理システムに入って処理されることができる。該固相物は、脱水された後に、冶金原料と建材原料の添加物として予備とすることができる。 The specific process will be explained as follows. In step (a2), the prepared incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single washing with water and a single solid-liquid separation treatment to obtain a solid phase product and a filtrate having a chloride ion content of 1 wt% or less. The single washing process and the single solid-liquid separation process are performed at the same time. In the single washing process, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1 to 2.5: 1, and the washing time is controlled in the range of 1 to 2.5 hours. The specific amount of water used is related to the washing time and the physicochemical properties of the incinerated ash, and more preferably, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1: 1. The single solid-liquid separation process is filtered using a plate frame filter press with a filtration pressure of 0.6-1.5 Mpa. The obtained filtrate contains a large amount of soluble salt ions mainly containing Na + , K + , and Cl − , and can be treated by entering a wastewater treatment system. After dehydration, the solid phase product can be used as a reserve as an additive for a metallurgical raw material and a building material raw material.
上記第1の態様及び第2の態様で提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法に基づいて、図３と図４に示すように、本発明の第３の態様と第４の態様において、焼却灰無害化処理プロセスを提供する。該無害化処理プロセスには、前記第1の態様又は第2の態様で提供される焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法と、後続の固相物とろ液に対しての処理方法を含む。これにより、焼却灰処理のゼロ排出を実現できる。 Based on the high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the first aspect and the second aspect, in the third aspect and the fourth aspect of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. , Provides an incinerator ash detoxification process. The detoxification treatment process includes a high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash provided in the first or second aspect, and a subsequent treatment method for a solid phase substance and a filtrate. As a result, zero emission of incinerator ash treatment can be realized.
その中の固相物は、160～1350℃の温度で、0.1～0.5 時間熱処理された後、乾燥物を得る、該乾燥物は、冶金工場で冶金原料の添加物として、またはセメント工場で建材原料の添加物として利用できる。例えば、セメントの生産過程で、一部のセメントの代わりに該乾燥物を使える。該ろ液は、結晶化により塩分離処理された後、工業塩と再用水を得る、該工業塩は、塩化ナトリウム副産品と塩化カリウム副産品を含み、塩化ナトリウム副産品中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 wt%であり、塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 wt%である。 The solid phase material in it is heat-treated at a temperature of 160 to 1350 ° C. for 0.1 to 0.5 hours to obtain a dried product, which can be used as an additive for metallurgical raw materials in a metallurgical factory or as a building material in a cement factory. It can be used as an additive for raw materials. For example, in the process of cement production, the dried product can be used instead of some cement. The filtrate is salt-separated by crystallization to obtain an industrial salt and reusable water. The industrial salt contains a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product, and the content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧. It is 97.5 wt%, and the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 wt%.
以下、具体的な実施例と結び付けて、本発明の焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法及び無害化処理プロセスをさらに説明する。その中の前処理過程において、主に工業脱塩水が採用される。 Hereinafter, the high-efficiency single-time washing method and the detoxification treatment process of the incinerator ash of the present invention will be further described in connection with specific examples. In the pretreatment process, industrial desalination water is mainly used.
実施例1
本実施例における焼却灰は、あるゴミ焼却発電所から発生した焼却灰から選択され、その成分及び含有量は表1の実施例1に示すようになっている。
本実施例における焼却灰無害化処理プロセスは、下記のステップを含む。
（A）焼却灰の単回水洗とろ過：
まず、前処理ステップ、焼却灰と工業脱塩水を質量比が1：2.5～4.5で撹拌桶に加えて、15 分間撹拌させ、混合が均一になると、固形分が15～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を得る。該工業脱塩水は塩酸を採用して、かつpHを7～9に調整させる。
さらに、水洗とろ過ステップ、上記調製済みの焼却灰溶液を、同時に単回水洗と単回固液分離処理した後、固相物とろ液を得る。該単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1～2.5：1で、水洗時間を1～2.5 時間に制御させる。該固相物中の塩素イオンの含有量が0.5～1 wt%であることが検出された。ろ液の成分及び含有量は表2の実施例1に示すようになっている。
（B）固相物とろ液の処理：
該固相物は、160℃の温度で0.1～0.5 時間熱処理された後に、乾燥物を得る。該乾燥物が冶金工場またはセメント工場で、製品添加物として利用することができる。
（C）固相物とろ液の処理：
該ろ液は、結晶化により塩分離処理された後、工業塩と再用水を得る。表3の実施例１を参照して示すように、該工業塩は、塩化ナトリウム副産品と塩化カリウム副産品を含む。該塩化ナトリウム副産品中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100 gであり、塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gである。
Example 1
The incineration ash in this example is selected from the incineration ash generated from a certain garbage incinerator power plant, and its components and contents are as shown in Example 1 of Table 1.
The incinerator ash detoxification process in this example includes the following steps.
(A) Single washing and filtration of incinerator ash:
First, in the pretreatment step, incinerated ash and industrial desalinated water are added to the stirring tub at a mass ratio of 1: 2.5 to 4.5 and stirred for 15 minutes. When the mixing becomes uniform, the incinerated ash with a solid content of 15 to 35 wt% Get the solution. Hydrochloric acid is used for the industrial desalinated water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-9.
Further, the incinerator ash solution prepared above is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment at the same time in a water washing and filtration step, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. In the single washing process, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1 to 2.5: 1, and the washing time is controlled to 1 to 2.5 hours. It was detected that the content of chloride ions in the solid phase product was 0.5 to 1 wt%. The components and contents of the filtrate are as shown in Example 1 of Table 2.
(B) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The solid phase product is heat-treated at a temperature of 160 ° C. for 0.1 to 0.5 hours to obtain a dry product. The dried product can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical factory or a cement factory.
(C) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The filtrate is salt-separated by crystallization to obtain industrial salt and reusable water. As shown with reference to Example 1 of Table 3, the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product. The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g, and the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g.
実施例2
本実施例における焼却灰は、ある製鉄所の焼結機から発生した集塵灰を選択し、その成分と含有量を表1の実施例2に示す。
本実施例における焼却灰無害化処理プロセスは、下記のステップを含む。
（A）焼却灰の単回水洗とろ過：
まず、前処理ステップ、焼却灰と工業脱塩水を質量比が1：2.5～4.5で撹拌桶に加えて、10 分間撹拌させ、混合が均一になると、固形分が15～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を得る。該工業脱塩水は塩酸を採用して、かつpHを7～9に調整させる。
さらに、水洗とろ過ステップ、上記調製済みの焼却灰溶液を、同時に単回水洗と単回固液分離処理した後、固相物とろ液を得る。該単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1：1で、水洗時間を1～2.5 時間に制御させる。該固相物中の塩素イオンの含有量が0．41 wt%であることが検出された。該ろ液の成分及び含有量は表2の実施例2に示すようになっている。
（B）固相物とろ液の処理：
該固相物は、160℃の温度で0.1～0.5 時間熱処理された後、乾燥物を得る。該乾燥物が冶金工場またはセメント工場で、製品添加物として利用することができる。
（C）固相物とろ液の処理：
該ろ液は、結晶化により塩分離処理された後、工業塩と再用水を得る。表3の実施例２を参照して示すように、該工業塩は、塩化ナトリウム副産品と塩化カリウム副産品を含む。該塩化ナトリウム副産品中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100 gであり、塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gである。
Example 2
For the incinerator ash in this example, dust collected ash generated from a sintering machine of a certain steelworks is selected, and its components and contents are shown in Example 2 of Table 1.
The incinerator ash detoxification process in this example includes the following steps.
(A) Single washing and filtration of incinerator ash:
First, in the pretreatment step, incinerated ash and industrial desalinated water are added to the stirring tub at a mass ratio of 1: 2.5 to 4.5 and stirred for 10 minutes. When the mixing becomes uniform, the incinerated ash with a solid content of 15 to 35 wt% Get the solution. Hydrochloric acid is used for the industrial desalinated water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-9.
Further, the incinerator ash solution prepared above is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment at the same time in a water washing and filtration step, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. In the single washing process, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1: 1 and the washing time is controlled to 1 to 2.5 hours. It was detected that the content of chloride ions in the solid phase product was 0.41 wt%. The components and contents of the filtrate are as shown in Example 2 of Table 2.
(B) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The solid phase product is heat-treated at a temperature of 160 ° C. for 0.1 to 0.5 hours to obtain a dried product. The dried product can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical factory or a cement factory.
(C) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The filtrate is salt-separated by crystallization to obtain industrial salt and reusable water. As shown with reference to Example 2 in Table 3, the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product. The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g, and the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g.
実施例3
本実施例における焼却灰は、あるゴミ焼却発電所から発生した焼却灰から選択され、その成分及び含有量は表1の実施例3に示すようになっている。
本実施例における焼却灰無害化処理プロセスは、下記のステップを含む。
（A）焼却灰の単回水洗とろ過：
まず、前処理ステップ、焼却灰と工業脱塩水を質量比が1：2.5～4.5で撹拌桶に加えて、３0 分間撹拌させ、混合が均一になると、固形分が15～35 wt%の焼却灰溶液を得る。該工業脱塩水は塩酸を採用して、かつpHを7～9に調整させる。
さらに、水洗とろ過ステップ、上記調製済みの焼却灰溶液を、同時に単回水洗と単回固液分離処理した後、固相物とろ液を得る。該単回水洗プロセスでは、使用水量と元の焼却灰の質量比が1：1で、水洗時間を1～2.5 時間に制御させる。該固相物中の塩素イオンの含有量が0．39 wt%であることが検出された。ろ液の成分及び含有量は表2の実施例３に示すようになっている。
（B）固相物とろ液の処理：
該固相物は、160℃の温度で0.1～0.5 時間熱処理された後、乾燥物を得る。該乾燥物が冶金工場またはセメント工場で、製品添加物として利用することができる。
（C）固相物とろ液の処理：
該ろ液は、結晶化により塩分離処理された後、工業塩と再用水を得る。表3の実施例３を参照して示すように、該工業塩は、塩化ナトリウム副産品と塩化カリウム副産品を含む。該塩化ナトリウム副産品中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100 gであり、塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gである。
Example 3
The incineration ash in this example is selected from the incineration ash generated from a certain garbage incinerator power plant, and its components and contents are as shown in Example 3 of Table 1.
The incinerator ash detoxification process in this example includes the following steps.
(A) Single washing and filtration of incinerator ash:
First, in the pretreatment step, incinerated ash and industrial desalinated water are added to the stirring tub at a mass ratio of 1: 2.5 to 4.5 and stirred for 30 minutes. When the mixing becomes uniform, the incinerated ash with a solid content of 15 to 35 wt% Get the solution. Hydrochloric acid is used for the industrial desalinated water, and the pH is adjusted to 7-9.
Further, the incinerator ash solution prepared above is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment at the same time in a water washing and filtration step, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. In the single washing process, the mass ratio of the amount of water used and the original incinerated ash is 1: 1 and the washing time is controlled to 1 to 2.5 hours. It was detected that the content of chloride ions in the solid phase product was 0.39 wt%. The components and contents of the filtrate are as shown in Example 3 of Table 2.
(B) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The solid phase product is heat-treated at a temperature of 160 ° C. for 0.1 to 0.5 hours to obtain a dried product. The dried product can be used as a product additive in a metallurgical factory or a cement factory.
(C) Treatment of solid phase and filtrate:
The filtrate is salt-separated by crystallization to obtain industrial salt and reusable water. As shown with reference to Example 3 in Table 3, the industrial salt comprises a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product. The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g, and the content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g.
上記の実施例1～3において、焼却灰の単回水洗ろ過プロセスで使用される水の大部分は、再用水に回収し、該再用水が再びに焼却灰の単回水洗ろ過プロセスで使用されることができる。焼却灰の単回水洗ろ過プロセスによって、塩素イオンの含有量が1 wt%以下に低減され、かつ、焼却灰中の可溶性塩イオンは、溶離されて濾水に入り、結晶化により塩分離された後に、工業塩を得る。該プロセスの全体では、外へ汚水を排出することはないし、処理過程には必要なエネルギーの消耗量も少なく、これによって、ゼロ排出を実現できる。しかも、上記のプロセスは地域等の制限を受けない。 In Examples 1 to 3 above, most of the water used in the single wash filtration process of the incinerator ash is recovered in the reuse water, and the reuse water is used again in the single wash filtration process of the incinerator ash. Can be done. The single water washing and filtering process of the incinerated ash reduced the chlorine ion content to 1 wt% or less, and the soluble salt ions in the incinerated ash were eluted into the drainage water and salt-separated by crystallization. Later, industrial salt is obtained. In the whole process, no sewage is discharged to the outside, and the amount of energy required for the treatment process is small, so that zero discharge can be achieved. Moreover, the above process is not subject to regional restrictions.
実施例1～3及び表1～3に示すように、本発明の焼却灰単回水洗方法は、まず焼却灰を溶剤と混合して焼却灰溶液を得て、該焼却灰溶液が同時に水洗及び固液分離処理された後、ろ液と固相物を得る方法に関する。該固相物の塩素イオンの含有量が1 wt%以下に低減される。上記の焼却灰単回水洗方法は、繰り返しにビータータンクに入って水洗および固液分離処理の必要はなくても、二回または複数回の水洗とろ過処理の効果に達せることである。全体のプロセスには、簡単であり、所要時間が少なく、また水洗処理の効率が高く、更に設備の占用スペースが小さく、投資コストが低い等の優勢がある。焼却灰の無害化処理プロセスにおいて、焼却灰に前処理、単回水洗処理及び単回固液分離処理を行った後、固相物中の塩素イオンの含有量を1 wt%以下に低減し、かつ大量の可溶性塩イオンを除去できる。乾燥処理後の固相物は、建材原料の添加物として利用でき、一方、溶性塩イオンを多く含むろ液は、結晶化による塩分離処理を通じて、工業塩を得られる。これにより、焼却灰の無害化処理を達成できる。 As shown in Examples 1 to 3 and Tables 1 to 3, in the incineration ash single-time washing method of the present invention, first, the incineration ash is mixed with a solvent to obtain an incineration ash solution, and the incineration ash solution is simultaneously washed with water and washed. The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a filtrate and a solid phase product after being subjected to a solid-liquid separation treatment. The chloride ion content of the solid phase is reduced to 1 wt% or less. The above-mentioned single-time incinerator ash washing method is to reach the effect of two or more times of water washing and filtration treatment without the need for repeated water washing and solid-liquid separation treatment in the beater tank. The whole process has advantages such as simplicity, short time required, high efficiency of washing process, small space occupied by equipment, and low investment cost. In the detoxification treatment process of incinerator ash, after pretreatment, single washing treatment and single solid-liquid separation treatment of incinerator ash, the content of chloride ions in the solid phase is reduced to 1 wt% or less. Moreover, a large amount of soluble salt ions can be removed. The solid phase product after the drying treatment can be used as an additive for the raw material for building materials, while the filtrate containing a large amount of soluble salt ions can be obtained as an industrial salt through a salt separation treatment by crystallization. Thereby, the detoxification treatment of the incinerator ash can be achieved.
要約すると、上記の実施例は、本発明の技術案を説明するためにのみ使用され、それらを限定するものではない。より良い実施例を参照しながら本発明を詳細に説明したが、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において修正又は同等に代替実施可能であることを当業者が理解すべき、すなわち、すべてが本発明の請求項の範囲に含まれることである。
In summary, the above examples are used only to illustrate the technical ideas of the invention and are not limiting them. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to better examples, one of ordinary skill in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent alternatives are feasible without departing from the gist of the invention, i.e. all. It is included in the claims of the invention.
Claims (13)
前記焼却灰溶液が、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理された後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと前記単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行う水洗とろ過ステップ（b１）と、を有することを特徴とする焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法。 The pretreatment step (a1), in which the incinerator ash is mixed with water or acid or carbonates to prepare an incinerator ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%,
The incinerator ash solution is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. ), And a high-efficiency single-time washing method of incinerator ash.
前記焼却灰が、単回水洗と単回固液分離処理された後、固相物とろ液を得る、前記単回水洗プロセスと単回固液分離プロセスが同時に行う水洗とろ過ステップ（b２）と、を有することを特徴とする焼却灰の高効率単回水洗方法。 The pretreatment step (a2), in which the incinerator ash is mixed with water or alkali to prepare an incinerator ash solution having a solid content of 1 to 35 wt%,
The incinerator ash is subjected to a single water washing and a single solid-liquid separation treatment, and then a solid phase product and a filtrate are obtained. A high-efficiency single-time washing method for incinerated ash, characterized by having.
前記固相物は、熱処理された後、乾燥物を得るステップ（B1）と、
前記ろ液は、結晶化による塩分離処理後、工業塩及び再用水を得るステップ（C1）と、
を有することを特徴とする焼却灰無害化処理プロセス。 The step (A1) of treating the incinerator ash by using the high-efficiency single-time washing method of the incinerator ash according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to obtain a solid phase product and a filtrate.
The solid phase product is heat-treated and then obtained in the step (B1) of obtaining a dry product.
The filtrate is subjected to the step (C1) of obtaining industrial salt and reusable water after salt separation treatment by crystallization.
An incinerator ash detoxification process characterized by having.
前記塩化ナトリウム副産物中の塩化ナトリウムの含有量が≧97.5 g/100 gであることと、
前記塩化カリウム副産物中の塩化カリウムの含有量が≧57 g/100 gであることと、
を備えることを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の焼却灰無害化処理プロセス。
In the step (C1), the industrial salt contains a sodium chloride by-product and a potassium chloride by-product.
The content of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride by-product is ≧ 97.5 g / 100 g, and
The content of potassium chloride in the potassium chloride by-product is ≧ 57 g / 100 g, and
11. The incinerator ash detoxification treatment process according to claim 11.
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| CN114028864B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | High-salt solid waste integrated washing equipment and control method thereof |
| CN114309026A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 湖南博一环保科技有限公司 | Method for dechlorinating and removing heavy salt from fly ash |
| CN114538474A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | 绍兴市上虞众联环保有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment and application method of fly ash |
| CN114871244B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-04-09 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | System and method for cooperatively disposing fly ash and acidic wastewater |
| CN115321558B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-09-01 | 浙江大洋生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Purification and comprehensive utilization method of fly ash water washing byproduct potassium chloride |
| CN115634914A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-24 | 渭南德昌环保科技有限公司 | Incineration fly ash disposal method |
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| JP2008253949A (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-23 | Chubu Recycle Kk | Desalting method for fly ash and desalting apparatus for fly ash |
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| CN110589856A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Method for recovering and separating potassium salt and sodium salt in waste incineration fly ash |
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