CN105811040A - Method for smashing, detaching and recycling lithium battery - Google Patents
Method for smashing, detaching and recycling lithium battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105811040A CN105811040A CN201610322411.1A CN201610322411A CN105811040A CN 105811040 A CN105811040 A CN 105811040A CN 201610322411 A CN201610322411 A CN 201610322411A CN 105811040 A CN105811040 A CN 105811040A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for smashing, detaching and recycling a lithium battery. Plastics, diaphragms, stainless steel, aluminium plastic films, aluminium, plastics, copper foils, aluminium foils, graphite and other materials are sorted from waste lithium batteries through a water type air-suction smashing machine, a magnetic separator, a horizontal type winnowing machine, a water-type friction machine, a first vortex separator, a second vortex separator and the like; the sorting purity can reach 94-99%; various kinds of harmful gases generated in the production process of the lithium batteries are processed by spray towers and activated carbon, and then the standardized gases are discharged; all the water required in the production process is recycled without an externally-discharged water source; and in addition, the water is precipitated, filtered and added with chemical drugs in the cycle process to carry out water treatment. According to the method, the waste batteries are not required to be pre-processed; instead, the waste batteries can be smashed, detached and recycled directly; therefore, the processing quality and processing efficiency of the waste batteries can be greatly improved; and in addition, pollutant emissions in the processing process can be effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste battery and disassemble recovery technology field, be specifically related to that a kind of lithium battery is broken disassembles recovery method.
Background technology
Along with electric automobile is widelyd popularize by country, following by there being a large amount of battery to face the problem scrapped, according to Chinese automobile
Technical Research Center it is expected that the response rate of China's waste battery is less than 2%, a large amount of discarded batteries cause energy resource
Waste and environmental pollution, in waste and old lithium ion battery containing a large amount of available resources, the such as valuable metal such as aluminum, copper with
And graphite, carbon based material etc.；If these waste lithium cells are mishandling, it will cause the biggest wasting of resources and environment dirty
Dye.
But the recovery of lithium battery is at the early-stage in prior art, and existing separation method is generally of bigger limitation,
Disposably the recycling resource of waste battery can not be effectively separated, and separation process can produce bigger dust and
Nuisance, not only affects process quality and the treatment effeciency of old and useless battery, and environment can cause serious destruction, therefore,
Need those skilled in the art that this makes improvement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and then a kind of lithium battery of offer crushes and disassembles back
Receiving method, the present invention without waste battery is carried out pretreatment, can be directly entered broken, disassemble, reclaim；Can be significantly
Improve process quality and the treatment effeciency of waste battery, and the pollutant emission in processing procedure can be efficiently controlled.
Technical scheme:
A kind of lithium battery is broken disassembles recovery method, comprises the following steps:
The first step, breaks the input ability of swimming air draught of charged or uncharged lithium battery entirety in machine；
Second step, described ability of swimming air draught is broken machine and lithium battery is carried out break process, by aqueous medium to the lithium electricity in shattering process
Pond carries out safeguard protection, may filter that the mixture of positive electrode and the graphite obtained in lithium battery after settlement of sewage；Gather materials pass wind
Machine breaks machine with described ability of swimming air draught and is connected, and by gathering materials, Blowing stopper can obtain the plastic film in lithium battery；
3rd step, is delivered to magnetic separator, by the ferrum in magnetic separator separable acquisition lithium battery by the lithium battery after broken；
4th step, is delivered to horizontal winnower by the material after broken, and horizontal winnower sub-elects light matter matter and relatively heavy substance,
Horizontal winnower is connected with the first whirlpool extension set and ability of swimming rubbing machine respectively, and relatively heavy substance can be obtained after being processed by the first whirlpool extension set
Moulding shell, rustless steel and aluminum, ability of swimming rubbing machine is connected with screening machine, the second whirlpool extension set successively, and light matter matter is through ability of swimming friction
Machine, the aluminum-plastic packaged thing of the separable acquisition of screening machine, after the second whirlpool extension set processes separable acquisition plastics foreign material, aluminium foil,
Copper Foil, sewage returns to sedimentation tank through dehydration device, carries out precipitating the mixture obtaining positive electrode with graphite.
Further, described magnetic separator and described ability of swimming air draught are broken and are provided with dehydration feeder between machine, also include at least one
Feed cistern, machine, dehydration feeder, the water supply of ability of swimming rubbing machine are broken in described ability of swimming air draught by described feed cistern respectively.
Further, the Blowing stopper that gathers materials described in is connected with air-introduced machine, spray column, activated carbon tower successively.
Further, be disposed with between described magnetic separator and described horizontal winnower elevator, S-shaped vibration winnowing machine,
Feeder, described S-shaped vibration winnowing machine is connected with the described Blowing stopper that gathers materials.
Further, ability of swimming air draught described in described second step break machine discharge settlement of sewage after, in addition it is also necessary to pass sequentially through filtration,
Dehydration obtains the mixture of described positive electrode and graphite.
Further, described second whirlpool extension set is connected with described dense media separator, and described dense media separator can be by described aluminium foil
Separate with described Copper Foil.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the advantages that lithium battery disclosed by the invention is broken and disassembles recovery method,
Specifically include following four steps, the first step, machine is broken in the input ability of swimming air draught of charged or uncharged lithium battery entirety, passes through
Machine is broken in ability of swimming air draught can carry out break process to discarded lithium battery entirety, it is not necessary to carry out lithium battery pre-disassembling the journeys such as process
Sequence, can be effectively improved treatment effeciency, and use ability of swimming to crush, can be by water to lithium battery thing plump in shattering process
Material carries out safeguard protection, the generation of dust pollution thing during can preventing；Second step, the settlement of sewage after above-mentioned steps fusion
Positive electrode and graphite mixture in rear separable acquisition lithium battery, and the Blowing stopper that will gather materials breaks machine with ability of swimming air draught and is connected, can
The Blowing stopper that gathers materials is utilized to be separated by the plastic film in lithium battery；3rd step, by magnetic separator, is carried out the iron material matter in lithium battery
Separate；4th step, is delivered to horizontal winnower by the material after broken, and horizontal winnower sub-elects light matter matter and relatively weight
Matter.Horizontal winnower is connected with the first whirlpool extension set and ability of swimming rubbing machine respectively, and relatively heavy substance can after being processed by the first whirlpool extension set
Shell, rustless steel and aluminum are moulded in acquisition, and ability of swimming rubbing machine is connected with screening machine, the second whirlpool extension set successively, and light matter matter is through ability of swimming
Rubbing machine, the aluminum-plastic packaged thing of the separable acquisition of screening machine, separable acquisition plastics foreign material, aluminum after the second whirlpool extension set processes
Paper tinsel, Copper Foil, sewage returns to sedimentation tank through dehydration device, carries out precipitating the mixture obtaining positive electrode with graphite.
It is arranged such, the valuable resource in waste battery can be separated and recovered, energy by the separation process of above-mentioned pipeline system
Enough significantly increase process quality and the treatment effeciency of waste battery, and the pollutant row in processing procedure can be efficiently controlled
Put.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part be given in the following description, and part will become bright from the following description
Aobvious, or recognized by the practice of invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the handling process schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
Shown in Fig. 1, lithium battery disclosed in the present embodiment is broken disassembles recovery method, comprises the steps:
The first step, breaks in machine by the input ability of swimming air draught of charged or uncharged lithium battery entirety, breaks machine by ability of swimming air draught permissible
Discarded lithium battery entirety is carried out break process, it is not necessary to carry out lithium battery pre-disassembling the programs such as process, relative to existing skill
Art needs discharge discarded lithium battery and tear down pretreatment, can be effectively improved treatment effeciency, and use ability of swimming to crush,
Lithium battery material after be able to being crushed by water is merged, the generation of dust pollution thing during can preventing；
Second step, ability of swimming air draught is broken machine and lithium battery is carried out break process, entered the lithium battery in shattering process by aqueous medium
Row safeguard protection, after settlement of sewage, it is preferable that obtains hypostasis by filtering, and can obtain after being dehydrated hypostasis
Positive electrode in lithium battery and graphite foreign material；The Blowing stopper that gathers materials breaks machine with ability of swimming air draught and is connected, and by gathering materials, Blowing stopper can obtain
Obtain the plastic film in lithium battery；Preferably, the Blowing stopper that gathers materials also needs to be connected with air-introduced machine, spray column, activated carbon tower successively,
The particulate contaminants such as the dust sucked in the Blowing stopper that gathers materials and toxic gas can be entered spray column by air-introduced machine, spray
Tower can carry out dust removal process to particulate contaminants such as dust, and toxic gas etc. can be carried out effectively by follow-up activated carbon tower
Absorption, is arranged such, and can prevent discarded lithium battery from disassembling the dust produced in processing procedure and toxic gas drains into air,
Environmental pollution can be avoided；
3rd step, the lithium battery particle after above-mentioned second step processes is delivered to magnetic separator, it is preferable that at magnetic separator and ability of swimming
Air draught is broken and is additionally provided with dehydration feeder between machine, can be facilitated by dehydration feeder and ability of swimming air draught is broken the particle after machine processes
Dehydration and feeding process further, contribute to the magnetic separation of postorder, can be separated by the ferrum in particle by magnetic separator；
4th step, through above-mentioned magnetic separator process after lithium battery particle be delivered to horizontal winnower, it is preferable that magnetic separator with
Also be disposed with elevator, S-shaped vibration winnowing machine, feeder between horizontal winnower, wherein S-shaped vibration winnowing machine with
The Blowing stopper that gathers materials connects, and is arranged such, and can produce after being remained and vibrate in lithium battery particle by S-shaped vibration winnowing machine
Raw dust and toxic gas carry out dedusting and adsorption treatment through the air-introduced machine of Blowing stopper postorder that gathers materials, spray column, activated carbon tower,
Dust and toxic gas can be prevented further to environment；Horizontal winnower rubs with the first whirlpool extension set and ability of swimming respectively
Wiping machine connects, and can the plastics in battery particle, rustless steel, aluminum be separated by the first whirlpool extension set, it is preferable that pass through wind
Plastics can be separated by choosing or sensing separator with rustless steel；Ability of swimming rubbing machine is connected with screening machine, the second whirlpool extension set successively,
Aluminum-plastic packaged thing can be separated by screening machine, and Copper Foil, aluminium foil can be separated by the second whirlpool extension set, it is preferable that by weight
Aluminium foil can be separated by medium separator with Copper Foil, it is achieved thereby that valuable metal and the separation and recovery of host material.
Preferably, also include at least one feed cistern, ability of swimming air draught can be broken machine, dehydration feeder, water by feed cistern
Formula rubbing machine supplies water, and sewage can be returned to feed cistern after precipitation filters simultaneously, it is achieved recycles.
The present invention is not carrying out Integral-crushing under pretreatment discharge scenario to waste battery, the most one by one, step corresponding from selecting
Material.This flow process by ability of swimming air draught break machine, magnetic separator, horizontal winnower, ability of swimming rubbing machine, the first whirlpool extension set, second
Waste lithium cell is sub-elected such as plastics, barrier film, rustless steel, aluminum plastic film, aluminum, plastics, Copper Foil, aluminum by the equipment such as whirlpool extension set
The material such as paper tinsel, graphite, separating purity can reach between 94%-99%.Various harmful gas warps in lithium battery in production process
Cross spray column, activated carbon tower processes and carries out qualified discharge, and water required in production process is all circulated utilization, without outer row
Water source, and water in cyclic process through precipitation, filter and add chemical agent and carry out water process.The present invention can disassemble
All kinds of lithium batteries, are not affected with battery structure by shape, have and disassemble efficiency height, low cost and other advantages.
The present invention without waste battery is carried out pretreatment, can be directly entered broken, disassemble, reclaim；Can significantly increase
The process quality of waste battery and treatment effeciency, and the pollutant emission in processing procedure can be efficiently controlled.
Above example is the exemplary illustration to this patent, does not limit its protection domain, and those skilled in the art are also
Its local can be changed, as long as no the spirit beyond this patent, all in the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (6)
1. a lithium battery crushes and disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The first step, breaks the input ability of swimming air draught of charged or uncharged lithium battery entirety in machine；
Second step, described ability of swimming air draught is broken machine and lithium battery is carried out break process, by aqueous medium to the lithium electricity in shattering process
Pond carries out safeguard protection, may filter that the graphite obtained in lithium battery after settlement of sewage；The Blowing stopper that gathers materials breaks with described ability of swimming air draught
Machine connects, and by gathering materials, Blowing stopper can obtain the plastic film in lithium battery；
3rd step, is delivered to magnetic separator, by the ferrum in magnetic separator separable acquisition lithium battery by the lithium battery after broken；
4th step, is delivered to horizontal winnower by the material after broken, and horizontal winnower sub-elects light matter matter and relatively heavy substance,
Horizontal winnower is connected with the first whirlpool extension set and ability of swimming rubbing machine respectively, and relatively heavy substance can be obtained after being processed by the first whirlpool extension set
Moulding shell, rustless steel and aluminum, ability of swimming rubbing machine is connected with screening machine, the second whirlpool extension set successively, and light matter matter is through ability of swimming friction
Machine, the aluminum-plastic packaged thing of the separable acquisition of screening machine, after the second whirlpool extension set processes separable acquisition plastics foreign material, aluminium foil,
Copper Foil, sewage returns to sedimentation tank through dehydration device, carries out precipitating the mixture obtaining positive electrode with graphite.
A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 1 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described magnetic separator with
Described ability of swimming air draught is broken and is provided with dehydration feeder between machine, also includes at least one feed cistern, and described feed cistern is respectively to institute
State ability of swimming air draught and break machine, dehydration feeder, the water supply of ability of swimming rubbing machine.
A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 1 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described in gather materials pass wind
Machine is connected with air-introduced machine, spray column, activated carbon tower successively.
A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 3 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that at described magnetic separator
And it is disposed with elevator, S-shaped vibration winnowing machine, feeder, described S-shaped vibration winnowing between described horizontal winnower
Machine is connected with the described Blowing stopper that gathers materials.
A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 4 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that in described second step
After the settlement of sewage that machine is discharged is broken in described ability of swimming air draught, in addition it is also necessary to pass sequentially through filtration, dehydration obtains described positive electrode
Mixture with graphite.
A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 5 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described second whirlpool is divided
Machine is connected with described dense media separator, and described aluminium foil can be separated by described dense media separator with described Copper Foil.
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106410310A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-02-15 | 王坚 | Power battery disassembling device |
| CN107601494A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-01-19 | 河南易成新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of graphite cathode material purification process |
| CN107890937A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-04-10 | 广州市滨塑料机械设备有限公司 | Processing equipment and its handling process are torn up in a kind of waste lithium cell recovery |
| CN108110356A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-01 | 天齐锂业股份有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic waste and old lithium ion battery recovery process and system |
| CN108258357A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-07-06 | 巩义市城区润达机械厂 | A kind of lithium battery processing system and treatment process |
| CN108281725A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 上海奇谋能源技术开发有限公司 | A method of dismantling waste lithium ion |
| CN108428959A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of security processing of electrification lithium ion battery |
| CN108421813A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽巡鹰新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of waste lithium cell processing system |
| CN108615956A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-10-02 | 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 | A kind of electric discharge dynamic lithium battery recovery process |
| CN108832214A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of separation method of lithium battery electric core positive and negative anodes tab cutting waste material |
| CN108832217A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 乐晓红 | One kind scrapping the broken combination unit of lithium ion power lithium battery electrification |
| CN109225556A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏华宏科技股份有限公司 | A kind of waste lithium cell graded crushing equipment and technique |
| CN109473747A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-15 | 天能电池集团有限公司 | A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery dismantling recovery method |
| CN109772557A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-21 | 贵州中伟资源循环产业发展有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery recycling complete set of equipments |
| CN109834107A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | It is a kind of to charge waste and old power battery crushing-separating apparatus and method |
| CN111430832A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-17 | 中南大学 | Full resource recovery method for waste ternary lithium ion battery without discharge pretreatment |
| CN112103590A (en) * | 2020-10-04 | 2020-12-18 | 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 | Tearing method for charged water of waste lithium battery |
| CN112635867A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所 | Method for recovering waste lithium battery graphite material |
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Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106410310A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-02-15 | 王坚 | Power battery disassembling device |
| CN108281725A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 上海奇谋能源技术开发有限公司 | A method of dismantling waste lithium ion |
| CN107601494A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-01-19 | 河南易成新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of graphite cathode material purification process |
| CN107890937A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-04-10 | 广州市滨塑料机械设备有限公司 | Processing equipment and its handling process are torn up in a kind of waste lithium cell recovery |
| CN108110356A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-01 | 天齐锂业股份有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic waste and old lithium ion battery recovery process and system |
| CN108110356B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2024-02-06 | 天齐锂业股份有限公司 | Full-automatic waste lithium ion battery recycling process and system |
| CN108428959A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of security processing of electrification lithium ion battery |
| CN108428959B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2020-01-21 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | Safety processing method of charged lithium ion battery |
| CN108258357A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-07-06 | 巩义市城区润达机械厂 | A kind of lithium battery processing system and treatment process |
| CN108258357B (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2023-10-17 | 巩义市佶信机械有限公司 | Lithium battery treatment system and treatment process |
| CN108421813A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽巡鹰新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of waste lithium cell processing system |
| CN108832214A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of separation method of lithium battery electric core positive and negative anodes tab cutting waste material |
| CN108615956A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-10-02 | 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 | A kind of electric discharge dynamic lithium battery recovery process |
| CN108927401A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-04 | 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 | Recovery process is crushed after a kind of cracking of lithium battery anaerobic |
| CN108832217A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 乐晓红 | One kind scrapping the broken combination unit of lithium ion power lithium battery electrification |
| CN109225556A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏华宏科技股份有限公司 | A kind of waste lithium cell graded crushing equipment and technique |
| CN109473747A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-15 | 天能电池集团有限公司 | A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery dismantling recovery method |
| CN109772557A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-21 | 贵州中伟资源循环产业发展有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery recycling complete set of equipments |
| CN109834107A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | It is a kind of to charge waste and old power battery crushing-separating apparatus and method |
| CN111430832A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-17 | 中南大学 | Full resource recovery method for waste ternary lithium ion battery without discharge pretreatment |
| CN112103590A (en) * | 2020-10-04 | 2020-12-18 | 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 | Tearing method for charged water of waste lithium battery |
| CN112635867A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所 | Method for recovering waste lithium battery graphite material |
| CN112635867B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-12-30 | 广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所 | Method for recycling waste lithium battery graphite material |
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| CN105811040B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
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