CN107293817A - A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method - Google Patents

A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107293817A
CN107293817A CN201710425534.2A CN201710425534A CN107293817A CN 107293817 A CN107293817 A CN 107293817A CN 201710425534 A CN201710425534 A CN 201710425534A CN 107293817 A CN107293817 A CN 107293817A
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China
Prior art keywords
waste
component
battery
pyrolysis
lithium
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Pending
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CN201710425534.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈志鹏
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Shenzhen City Heng Chuangrui Energy Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen City Heng Chuangrui Energy Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710425534.2A priority Critical patent/CN107293817A/en
Publication of CN107293817A publication Critical patent/CN107293817A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component efficiently dissociation and classified reclaiming method, includes following steps:(1) waste lithium cell discharge process:Waste and old lithium ion battery of abandoning is discharged, uncharged waste lithium cell is obtained, is that subsequent treatment process lays the foundation;(2) monoblock lithium battery pyrolysis processing:Waste lithium cell after electric discharge is subjected to overall pyrolysis, the decomposition removing of electrolyte, barrier film, binding agent is realized, and then realizes the abundant dissociation of electrode material and electrode slice, and further realizes by condensation method the recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids;(3) dissociation is crushed:Lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into disintegrating machine to be crushed, tearing up for battery case, crushing for electrode slice and coming off for electrode material is realized;(4) screening process:Fine fraction electrode material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell are obtained by the method for screening according to difference of each component in lithium battery in granularity.

Description

A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method
Technical field
The present invention relates to old and useless battery recycling field technology, refer in particular to a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component and efficiently solve From with classified reclaiming method.
Background technology
In recent years, with the update of the electronic products such as mobile phone, notebook computer, camera, substantial amounts of waste lithium cell Also appear in daily life environment, for the high efficiente callback utilization of waste lithium cell, can not only to obtain cobalt, lithium contour Valuable metal, moreover it is possible to solve a series of environmental problems that waste lithium cell is brought.
In waste and old lithium ion battery removal process, efficient dissociation and classification recovery between each component are key technology rings Section, but due to packing close in lithium battery manufacturing process, and electrode material is to be bonded in by binding agent PVDF above electrode slice, Simple Mechanical Crushing can not realize completely falling off for electrode material, cause substantial amounts of electrode material attachment to remain in electrode slice On, cause the loss of electrode material.
The content of the invention
In view of this, in view of the existing deficiencies of the prior art, its main purpose is to provide a kind of applying waste lithium ionic to the present invention Battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, and it realizes the efficient dissociation of waste lithium cell each component pyrolysis, and passes through machine Tool is broken to realize that the classification of packet point is reclaimed with the method that screening is combined, and overcomes prior art assorting room complexity, reclaims effect The problem of rate is low.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is using following technical scheme:
A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, includes following steps:
(1) waste lithium cell discharge process:Waste and old lithium ion battery of abandoning is discharged, uncharged useless old lithium is obtained Pond, is that subsequent treatment process lays the foundation;
(2) monoblock lithium battery pyrolysis processing:Waste lithium cell after electric discharge is subjected to overall pyrolysis, realize electrolyte, every The decomposition removing of film, binding agent, and then the abundant dissociation of electrode material and electrode slice is realized, and further realized by condensation method The recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids;
(3) dissociation is crushed:Lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into disintegrating machine to be crushed, tearing up for battery case is realized, electricity Crushing for pole piece and coming off for electrode material;
(4) screening process:Fine fraction is obtained by the method for screening according to difference of each component in lithium battery in granularity Electrode material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell.
It is preferred that, waste and old lithium ion battery is put into the electric discharge equipped with certain ion concentration solution in the step (1) Discharge process is carried out in pond.
It is preferred that, it will integrally be put into pyrolysis oven and carry out after the lithium battery cleaning, drying after electric discharge in the step (2) Pyrolysis, makes electrolyte in lithium battery, barrier film, the decomposition of binding agent organic matter, realizes efficient between electrode material and electrode slice Dissociation, and pyrolysis gas is condensed by condensing unit, further realize the recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids.
It is preferred that, the lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into shear crusher in the step (3) and crushed, by outside metal Shell is torn up, then will it is broken after material be put into impact crusher and realize mutual dissociation between lithium battery each component.
It is preferred that, the product after being crushed in the step (4) passes sequentially through first big after small vibratory sieve, according to lithium battery Difference of the middle each component in granularity obtains fine fraction electrode material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade by the method for screening Shell.
The present invention has clear advantage and beneficial effect compared with prior art, specifically, by above-mentioned technical proposal Understand:
The present invention is using the method for pyrolysis to the efficient dissociation between waste and old lithium ion battery each component, and organic matter pyrolysis The recovery of oil, and to the broken dissociation of waste and old lithium ion battery mechanization, and realize the classification of each component with sieving to be combined Reclaim, the present invention is not related to chemicals, simple to operate in the absence of wastewater treatment, and farthest realizes waste and old lithium The high efficiente callback of each component of ion battery.
More clearly to illustrate the architectural feature and effect of the present invention, come below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment to this hair It is bright to be described in detail:
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the handling process schematic diagram of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
It refer to shown in Fig. 1, that show a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component of the preferred embodiments of the invention is high Effect dissociation and classified reclaiming method, include following steps:
(1) waste lithium cell discharge process:Waste and old lithium ion battery of abandoning is discharged, uncharged useless old lithium is obtained Pond, is that subsequent treatment process lays the foundation;In the present embodiment, waste and old lithium ion battery is put into equipped with certain ion concentration Discharge process is carried out in the electric discharge pond of solution.
(2) monoblock lithium battery pyrolysis processing:Waste lithium cell after electric discharge is subjected to overall pyrolysis, realize electrolyte, every The decomposition removing of film, binding agent, and then the abundant dissociation of electrode material and electrode slice is realized, and further realized by condensation method The recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids;In the present embodiment, it will be integrally put into after the lithium battery cleaning, drying after electric discharge in pyrolysis oven It is pyrolyzed, makes electrolyte in lithium battery, barrier film, the decomposition of binding agent organic matter, realize between electrode material and electrode slice Efficiently dissociation, and pyrolysis gas is condensed by condensing unit, further realizes the recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids.
(3) dissociation is crushed:Lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into disintegrating machine to be crushed, tearing up for battery case is realized, electricity Crushing for pole piece and coming off for electrode material;In the present embodiment, the lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into shear crusher to enter Row is broken, and metal shell is torn up, then will it is broken after material be put into impact crusher and realize between lithium battery each component Mutually dissociation.
(4) screening process:Fine fraction is obtained by the method for screening according to difference of each component in lithium battery in granularity Electrode material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell.In the present embodiment, after the product after crushing passes sequentially through elder generation greatly Small vibratory sieve, according to difference of each component in lithium battery in granularity by the method for screening obtain fine fraction electrode material, Middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell.
The present invention design focal point be:The present invention is using the method for pyrolysis to the height between waste and old lithium ion battery each component Effect dissociation, and the oily recovery of organic matter pyrolysis, and to the broken dissociation of waste and old lithium ion battery mechanization, and be combined with screening The classification for realizing each component is reclaimed, and the present invention is not related to chemicals, simple to operate in the absence of wastewater treatment, and maximum The high efficiente callback of each component for realizing waste and old lithium ion battery of degree.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in association with specific embodiment.These descriptions are intended merely to explain the present invention's Principle, and limiting the scope of the invention can not be construed in any way.Based on explanation herein, the technology of this area Personnel, which would not require any inventive effort, can associate other embodiments of the present invention, and these modes are fallen within Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, it is characterised in that:Include following step Suddenly:
(1) waste lithium cell discharge process:Waste and old lithium ion battery of abandoning is discharged, uncharged waste lithium cell is obtained, Laid the foundation for subsequent treatment process;
(2) monoblock lithium battery pyrolysis processing:Waste lithium cell after electric discharge is subjected to overall pyrolysis, electrolyte, barrier film is realized, glues The decomposition removing of agent is tied, and then the abundant dissociation of electrode material and electrode slice is realized, and is further realized by condensation method organic The recovery of pyrolysis liquids;
(3) dissociation is crushed:Lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into disintegrating machine to be crushed, tearing up for battery case, electrode slice is realized Broken and electrode material come off;
(4) screening process:Fine fraction electrode is obtained by the method for screening according to difference of each component in lithium battery in granularity Material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell.
2. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component as claimed in claim 1 is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, its feature It is:Waste and old lithium ion battery is put into the electric discharge pond equipped with certain ion concentration solution in the step (1) and put Electric treatment.
3. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component as claimed in claim 1 is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, its feature It is:It will integrally be put into pyrolysis oven and be pyrolyzed after the lithium battery cleaning, drying after electric discharge in the step (2), make lithium electricity Electrolyte, barrier film, the decomposition of binding agent organic matter in pond, realize the efficient dissociation between electrode material and electrode slice, and by heat Solution gas is condensed by condensing unit, further realizes the recovery of organic pyrolysis liquids.
4. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component as claimed in claim 1 is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, its feature It is:The lithium battery after pyrolysis is put into shear crusher in the step (3) to be crushed, metal shell is torn up, then Will it is broken after material be put into impact crusher and realize mutual dissociation between lithium battery each component.
5. a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component as claimed in claim 1 is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method, its feature It is:Product after will be broken in the step (4) passes sequentially through first big after small vibratory sieve, is existed according to each component in lithium battery Difference in granularity obtains fine fraction electrode material, middle grade electrode slice and big grade shell by the method for screening.
CN201710425534.2A 2017-06-08 2017-06-08 A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery each component is efficiently dissociated and classified reclaiming method Pending CN107293817A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107946686A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-04-20 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery recovery method
CN108011146A (en) * 2017-11-17 2018-05-08 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 Waste lithium cell renewable resources recovery method
CN108110358A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-06-01 淄博国利新电源科技有限公司 The recovery method of waste and old lithium ion battery binding agent
CN108400400A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-14 中南大学 A kind of reuse method of applying waste lithium ionic power battery
CN108711651A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-26 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 A kind of resource utilization of old and useless battery utilizes technique and system
CN108927401A (en) * 2018-06-14 2018-12-04 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 Recovery process is crushed after a kind of cracking of lithium battery anaerobic
CN109132275A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-04 丁柳朋 A kind of equipment of recycling used batteries convenient for discharge
CN109719117A (en) * 2018-12-30 2019-05-07 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 A kind of method that recovery processing waste lithium cell is pyrolyzed in the process
CN109888370A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste and old lithium ion battery method for pyrolysis and system
CN109994793A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 山东锂想新能源科技有限公司 A kind of separation method of lithium battery collector
CN110071342A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-30 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste and old lithium ion battery recovery method and device
CN110534834A (en) * 2019-09-11 2019-12-03 新中天环保股份有限公司 The recovery method of electrolyte in a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery
CN112246835A (en) * 2020-10-04 2021-01-22 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 Method for disassembling and separating waste lithium ion batteries
CN112974465A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-06-18 北京博萃循环科技有限公司 Harmless recovery treatment method for waste lithium ion battery
CN113857212A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 惠州市恒创睿能环保科技有限公司 Method for separating waste lithium battery electrode material
CN114094224A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-02-25 河北顺境环保科技有限公司 High-efficiency treatment method for high-voltage waste lithium battery
CN115846354A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-03-28 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) Lithium ion battery recycling device and recycling method thereof

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CN103247837A (en) * 2013-05-08 2013-08-14 国家电网公司 Method for treating waste lithium battery by microwave pyrolysis
CN105226344A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-06 中国矿业大学 The recovery method of a kind of cobalt in waste lithium ion batteries acid lithium and graphite
CN106099238A (en) * 2016-08-24 2016-11-09 赣州市豪鹏科技有限公司 A kind of recovery method of waste secondary battery ferrum

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JP2011124127A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-23 Toyota Motor Corp Method and device for recycling battery pack
CN102251118A (en) * 2011-06-25 2011-11-23 鞍山鑫普新材料有限公司 Method for recycling metals from waste nickel-hydrogen batteries
CN103247837A (en) * 2013-05-08 2013-08-14 国家电网公司 Method for treating waste lithium battery by microwave pyrolysis
CN105226344A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-06 中国矿业大学 The recovery method of a kind of cobalt in waste lithium ion batteries acid lithium and graphite
CN106099238A (en) * 2016-08-24 2016-11-09 赣州市豪鹏科技有限公司 A kind of recovery method of waste secondary battery ferrum

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107946686A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-04-20 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of waste and old lithium ion battery recovery method
CN108011146B (en) * 2017-11-17 2021-04-23 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 Recycling method of waste lithium battery
CN108011146A (en) * 2017-11-17 2018-05-08 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 Waste lithium cell renewable resources recovery method
CN108110358A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-06-01 淄博国利新电源科技有限公司 The recovery method of waste and old lithium ion battery binding agent
CN109994793A (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 山东锂想新能源科技有限公司 A kind of separation method of lithium battery collector
CN108400400A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-14 中南大学 A kind of reuse method of applying waste lithium ionic power battery
CN108711651A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-26 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 A kind of resource utilization of old and useless battery utilizes technique and system
CN108711651B (en) * 2018-05-23 2023-11-28 荆门动力电池再生技术有限公司 Recycling recycling process and system for waste batteries
CN108927401A (en) * 2018-06-14 2018-12-04 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 Recovery process is crushed after a kind of cracking of lithium battery anaerobic
CN108927401B (en) * 2018-06-14 2022-08-19 河南巨峰环保科技有限公司 Crushing and recycling process after anaerobic cracking of lithium battery
CN109132275B (en) * 2018-09-07 2021-07-16 丁柳朋 Waste battery recovery equipment convenient for discharging
CN109132275A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-01-04 丁柳朋 A kind of equipment of recycling used batteries convenient for discharge
CN109719117B (en) * 2018-12-30 2021-10-01 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 Pyrolysis method in process of recycling waste lithium batteries
CN109719117A (en) * 2018-12-30 2019-05-07 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 A kind of method that recovery processing waste lithium cell is pyrolyzed in the process
CN110071342A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-30 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste and old lithium ion battery recovery method and device
CN109888370A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Waste and old lithium ion battery method for pyrolysis and system
CN110534834A (en) * 2019-09-11 2019-12-03 新中天环保股份有限公司 The recovery method of electrolyte in a kind of waste and old lithium ion battery
CN112246835A (en) * 2020-10-04 2021-01-22 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 Method for disassembling and separating waste lithium ion batteries
CN112974465A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-06-18 北京博萃循环科技有限公司 Harmless recovery treatment method for waste lithium ion battery
CN113857212A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 惠州市恒创睿能环保科技有限公司 Method for separating waste lithium battery electrode material
CN114094224A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-02-25 河北顺境环保科技有限公司 High-efficiency treatment method for high-voltage waste lithium battery
CN115846354A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-03-28 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) Lithium ion battery recycling device and recycling method thereof
CN115846354B (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-04-28 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) Lithium ion battery recycling device and recycling method thereof

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