JPH1177011A - Recovery of valuables from waste battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a recovery rate of plastics by a method wherein a waste battery is crushed with a primary crusher to be classified into a coarse crushed product and a fine crushed product, and the coarse crushed product is further pulverized to be separated into plastics and valuables. SOLUTION: In the case wherein valuables are recovered from a waste battery, the waster battery is at first sent out by each specific amount to a belt conceyor with a cutting out device, and charged into a primary crusher. It is crushed in a long piece state herein, and a crushed product and a separation eliminated material are primarily classified with a primary classification machine 2. Then, the classified coarse crushed product is sent to a secondary crusher 5, and the fine pulverized product is sent to a primary classifier 4. In the primary classification machine 4, the fine pulverized product and a suspension material are made to flow into a secondary classification machine 3 together with overflow water. In the secondary crusher 5, the coarse crushed product is further finely pulverized, and sent to a secondary classifier 7, and classified into floating substance, suspended material, and deposit. The floating substance is charged into a third crusher 8, the suspended material is charged into a circulation tank 6, and the deposit is put into the primary classifier 4 respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable resources from a so-called waste battery used for an electric vehicle or the like and discarded.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The structure of an automobile battery is, for example, in a box-shaped case made of polypropylene or the like having an upper end opening, and a plurality of cathode plates and anode plates are alternately separated by a separator made of polyethylene, reinforcing fiber or the like. Arrayed,
The pole plates are connected to each other via a connection portion at the upper end of the pole. The cathode plate is made of lead and lead alloy (active material is spongy lead), and the anode plate is made of lead and lead alloy (active material is lead dioxide). A plastic lid is attached to the upper opening of the case,
A cathode terminal and an anode terminal are attached to the lid. The sealed case is filled with an electrolytic solution composed of diluted sulfuric acid.

[0003] As a method of recovering valuable resources from a waste battery of an automobile battery as described above, conventionally, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
The thing described in 7-168480 is known. In this method, after a waste battery is crushed by a crusher, it is divided into a coarse crushed material (on a sieve) and a fine crushed material (below a sieve) by a primary oxide classification device. Precipitate in a classification device or an oxide separation device, and collect the precipitate as an oxide by scraping. The coarse crushed material on the sieve is further separated into suspended matter, suspended matter, and sediment by a lead classifier, and the suspended matter is passed through a wire mesh conveyor to a rubber / plastic material classifier, where suspended matter, suspended matter, sediment Classified into three types. The precipitate here is recovered as a rubber case fragment via a scraper. The suspended matter is collected as a plastic piece through a scraper and a screw conveyor. The sediment of the lead classification device is recovered as metal lead fragments via a screw conveyor. The suspension of the lead sorter and the rubber / plastic material sorter is settled in the final oxide removing / separating device and recovered as an oxide via a drag chain conveyor or the like. That is, there are four types of recovered materials: rubber case fragments, plastic fragments, metal lead fragments, and oxides.

[0004]

However, most of the recent waste batteries do not use any rubber as described in the above-mentioned structure, and are made of plastic, metal lead other than plastic, and lead oxide. And the like, and it is no longer necessary to separate them as described above. When separating plastics and valuables other than plastics, they are generally separated using the difference in specific gravity between them, but in order to improve the plastic recovery rate, the terminal attached to the waste battery case lid and the case lid It is necessary to crush the waste battery to such an extent that the waste battery can be separated.

However, in the above-mentioned conventional recovery method, only one crushing device is provided, and it is necessary to perform crushing that satisfies the above requirements by crushing only with the crushing device. There was a problem of needing abilities. In addition, if the crushing is insufficient, there is a problem that the recovery rate of the plastic decreases.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and reduces the power applied to the crushing device by performing a two-stage process of further crushing the crushed pieces after crushing the waste battery. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of recovering valuable resources from a waste battery, which can improve the recovery rate of plastic.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of the recovery method according to the first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for crushing a waste battery with a primary crusher to classify it into a coarse crushed material and a fine crushed material,
By further crushing the coarse crushed material with a secondary crusher,
It is characterized in that it is separated into valuable materials such as plastic and metallic lead and lead oxide other than plastic. The invention of the recovery method according to claim 2 is the method according to claim 1, wherein after crushing with a secondary crusher and classifying into coarse crushed material and fine crushed material, the coarse crushed material is further finely crushed with a tertiary crusher. Features.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the primary crushing is performed by a cutter-type biaxial crusher, and the secondary crushing is performed by an impeller breaker.

[0008]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a process flow sheet for a waste battery scrap processing facility process. Target processing speed of waste battery based on this process flow sheet
20 t / Hr or more. Hereinafter, description will be given based on a process flow sheet.

First, a waste battery is sent out to a belt conveyor by a fixed amount by a cutout device, and is put into a primary crusher 1 by the belt conveyor. The cut waste battery charged into the primary crusher 1 is crushed by the primary crusher 1 into a long piece having a width of about 50 mm while being showered. The primary crusher 1 is a cutter type biaxial crusher. The crushed material crushed by the primary crusher 1 and the separated materials separated from the electrode plate such as lead oxide fall onto a primary classifier 2 composed of a vibrating sieve and are subjected to primary classification while being showered with water. You.
The coarsely crushed material on the primary classified sieve is sent to the secondary crusher 5. On the other hand, the finely crushed material under the sieve subjected to the primary classification is sent to the primary classification device 4. In the primary classifier 4, suspended fine particles of plastic and suspended matter such as fine lead oxide flow into the secondary classifier 3 composed of a vibrating screen together with overflow water, and are composed of lead oxide, metallic lead and the like. Precipitates other than plastic are discharged to a raw material storage site by a screw conveyor (not shown).

The coarse crushed product sent to the secondary classifier 3 is washed away by the overflow water flowing from the primary classification device 4 to remove fine powder of lead oxide, metallic lead, etc. attached to the coarse crushed material to form crushed material and fine powder. The secondary classification is performed. The coarsely crushed material on the sieve subjected to the secondary classification is fed into the secondary crusher 5 by a belt conveyor. The secondary crusher 5 is an impeller breaker. On the other hand, the second-classified fine powder under the sieve is put into the circulation tank 6. The coarse crushed material introduced into the secondary crusher 5 is further finely crushed into approximately 40 to 50 mm square so that the terminal adhered to the plastic can be separated from the plastic.
It is sent to the secondary classification device 7, where it is classified into floating plastics and other suspended solids and sediments. The suspended matter is introduced into the tertiary crusher 8, the suspended matter is introduced into the circulation tank 6, and the sediment is introduced into the primary sorting device 4. The tertiary crusher 8 is a rotary cutter. The floating material fed into the tertiary crusher 8 is further finely crushed there so as to have a plastic size suitable for recovery and utilization, that is, about 15 mm square or less. The circulating water containing the suspension put in the circulating tank 6 and the fine powder that has been secondarily classified and put into the circulating tank 6 is reused as shower water and watering of a raw material storage yard, and excess water is treated as wastewater to be removed from the system. Is discharged.

The leachate from the raw material storage is sent to the dehydrator 12 via the pit 10 and the pump 11, where it is separated into filtrate and sludge. The filtrate is sent to the circulation tank 6, and the sludge is sent to the raw material storage.

Thus, one cycle of the waste battery scrap processing facility process including crushing is completed. The recovery rate of plastic from waste battery was 50% in the case of single-stage crushing, but the recovery rate of plastic obtained by this process is
80% improvement. Since the primary crusher 1 is a cutter-type two-shaft crusher that requires less power and has a large processing capacity, the power consumption as power is reduced from 150 KW to 75 KW, which is half that of the conventional one. The crushing efficiency also improved.

Incidentally, the steps shown in the above-mentioned step flow sheet are merely preferred examples, and other steps such as 3
Eliminating the crushing by the primary crusher 8 and the primary crusher 1
The use of various types of secondary crushers 5 and the like are optional.

[0014]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the waste battery is crushed by a primary crusher to classify it into coarse crushed materials such as plastic and fine crushed materials such as lead oxide and metallic lead. The crushed material is further crushed by a secondary crusher, so that the crushed material is finely crushed so as to be separated into plastics and terminals attached to the plastics. Therefore, the total power required for the crusher is smaller than that of the conventional crusher that crushes fine substances in one stage, and a large crushing ability is not required. In addition, it is possible to efficiently improve the plastic recovery rate. The inventions of claims 2 and 3 can expect the same effects as the invention of claim 1.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process flow sheet for a waste battery scrap processing facility process showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Primary crusher 2 Primary classifier 3 Secondary classifier 4 Primary sorter 5 Secondary crusher 6 Circulation tank 7 Secondary sorter 8 Tertiary crusher

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste battery is crushed by a primary crusher to classify it into a coarse crushed material and a fine crushed material, and then the coarse crushed material is further crushed by a secondary crusher, so that plastic and metal other than plastic are crushed. A method for recovering valuable resources from waste batteries, wherein the method is separated into valuable resources such as lead and lead oxide. 2. A valuable battery from a waste battery according to claim 1, wherein after crushing with a secondary crusher and classifying into coarse crushed material and fine crushed material, the coarse crushed material is further finely crushed with a tertiary crusher. Collection method. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the primary crushing is performed by a cutter-type biaxial crusher, and the secondary crushing is performed by an impeller breaker.