CN107275703A - A kind of method that electrode material is reclaimed from waste lithium ion - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of method that electrode material is reclaimed from waste lithium ion, includes following steps：(1) waste lithium ion discharged, dried, being disassembled, broken obtaining mixed material；(2) mixed material is sieved using vibratory sieve, obtains the material of different grain size level；(3) the fine granularity level material obtained is mainly made up of electrode material cobalt acid lithium and graphite, and this part fine granularity level enters centrifugal classifier and carries out centrifugal classification；(4) filter and dry two kinds of centrifugation products for being enriched cobalt acid lithium and graphite respectively.Effective sorting of electrode material in waste lithium ion is realized by using the inventive method, simplifies the complexity of sorting flow, realizes simple and effective sorting.Lithium ion battery electrode material physical property difference is made full use of, the classification recycling of cobalt acid lithium and graphite is realized.The invention belongs to physical separation method, it is not related to chemicals, in the absence of wastewater treatment and secondary pollution problem, processing procedure environmental protection.

Description

A method for recovering electrode materials from waste lithium-ion batteries

technical field

The invention relates to the technology in the field of recycling waste gas batteries, in particular to a method for recycling electrode materials from waste lithium-ion batteries.

Background technique

Thanks to the rapid growth of consumer electronics products such as mobile phones and notebooks and new energy vehicles, the annual production of lithium-ion batteries continues to increase, and the number of discarded lithium-ion batteries also increases. In addition to directly increasing the source of resources, the secondary utilization of lithium-ion batteries can also reduce energy consumption in the production process, reduce production costs, and reduce environmental pollution.

Different sorting methods have different sorting effects for different components of waste lithium-ion batteries. The existing sorting methods can be roughly divided into physical methods and chemical methods. Physical processes include: mechanical separation process, heat treatment process, mechanochemical process, dissolution process. Chemical processes include: acid leaching process, bioleaching process, solvent extraction process, chemical precipitation process, electrochemical process. A large amount of waste gas and waste water will be generated during the chemical separation process, and random discharge will have a serious impact on the environment. The treatment process is relatively complicated, and the recovery process has a small amount of treatment and a large amount of chemicals used, which directly leads to high recovery costs.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art, and its main purpose is to provide a method for recovering electrode materials from waste lithium-ion batteries, which can effectively solve the complicated and difficult separation process of existing waste lithium-ion batteries. The problem of low selection efficiency.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for recycling electrode materials from waste lithium ion batteries, comprising the following steps:

(1) Discharging, drying, dismantling and crushing waste lithium-ion batteries to obtain mixed materials;

(2) Use a vibrating sieve to screen the mixed material to obtain materials of different particle sizes;

(3) The fine-grained material obtained is mainly composed of electrode material lithium cobaltate and graphite, and this part of the fine-grained grade enters the centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation;

(4) Filtrate and dry two kinds of centrifuged products enriched in lithium cobaltate and graphite respectively.

Preferably, the whole centrifugal separation method in the step (3) uses water as the medium and the transport carrier of the electrode material.

Preferably, the adjustment of the centrifugal acceleration in the step (3) is from 50 times of gravitational acceleration to 200 times of gravitational acceleration.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. Specifically, it can be known from the above technical solutions:

By adopting the method of the invention, the effective sorting of the electrode materials in the waste lithium ion batteries is realized, the complexity of the sorting process is simplified, and the simple and effective sorting is realized. Make full use of the difference in physical properties of lithium-ion battery electrode materials to realize the classified recycling of lithium cobaltate and graphite. The invention belongs to the physical separation method, does not involve chemicals, does not have the problems of waste water treatment and secondary pollution, and the treatment process is very environmentally friendly.

In order to set forth the structural features and effects of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, it has shown a kind of method for reclaiming electrode material from waste lithium ion battery of preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:

(1) Discharging, drying, dismantling and crushing waste lithium-ion batteries to obtain mixed materials.

(2) Use a vibrating sieve to sieve the mixed material to obtain materials with different particle sizes.

(3) The obtained fine-grained materials are mainly composed of electrode materials lithium cobaltate and graphite, and this part of the fine-grained grades enters the centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation. The material obtained after sieving is mainly a mixture of electrode materials. Using the density difference between lithium cobaltate and graphite, the electrode materials in the fine-grained grade after sieving will be separated by centrifugal separation. The particle size classification that affects the separation efficiency and effect is centrifugal separation. Important preparatory work before the election. In this embodiment, the entire centrifugal separation method uses water as the medium and the transport carrier of the electrode material, and the centrifugal acceleration is adjusted to be 50 times the acceleration of gravity to 200 times the acceleration of gravity.

(4) Filtrate and dry two kinds of centrifuged products enriched in lithium cobaltate and graphite respectively.

And, in the step (1), manual dismantling can be used, and the mixed material can be obtained by rough crushing directly in the crusher and then continuing to crush in the crusher. In the sieving process of the mixed material in step (2), the fine-grained material can be directly entered into centrifugal separation, or the fine-grained material can be entered into centrifugal separation after narrow-grained sieving, and the fine-grained material in step (3) There are many ways to carry out centrifugal separation of granular mixed materials. The centrifuge in the floating and sinking experiment can be used as a reference to use a strong centrifugal field centrifuge suitable for separating solid particles of different densities. The adjustment range of centrifugal acceleration is from 50 times the acceleration of gravity to 200 times the acceleration of gravity.

The key points of the design of the present invention are: by adopting the method of the present invention, the effective sorting of electrode materials in waste lithium ion batteries is realized, the complexity of the sorting process is simplified, and simple and effective sorting is realized. Make full use of the difference in physical properties of lithium-ion battery electrode materials to realize the classified recycling of lithium cobaltate and graphite. The invention belongs to the physical separation method, does not involve chemicals, does not have the problems of waste water treatment and secondary pollution, and the treatment process is very environmentally friendly.

The above describes the technical principles of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention, and cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can think of other specific implementation modes of the present invention without creative work, and these modes will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for reclaiming electrode material from waste lithium ion batteries, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: (1) Discharging, drying, dismantling and crushing waste lithium-ion batteries to obtain mixed materials; (2) Use a vibrating sieve to screen the mixed material to obtain materials of different particle sizes; (3) The fine-grained material obtained is mainly composed of electrode material lithium cobaltate and graphite, and this part of the fine-grained grade enters the centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation; (4) Filtrate and dry two kinds of centrifuged products enriched in lithium cobaltate and graphite respectively. 2. A kind of method for reclaiming electrode material from waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described step (3), whole centrifugal separation method uses water as the carrier of the transport of medium and electrode material . 3. A kind of method for reclaiming electrode material from waste lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), the adjustment of centrifugal acceleration size is 50 times of gravitational acceleration to 200 times of gravity acceleration.