CN108711651B - Recycling recycling process and system for waste batteries - Google Patents
Recycling recycling process and system for waste batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN108711651B CN108711651B CN201810501687.5A CN201810501687A CN108711651B CN 108711651 B CN108711651 B CN 108711651B CN 201810501687 A CN201810501687 A CN 201810501687A CN 108711651 B CN108711651 B CN 108711651B
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a recycling process of waste batteries, which comprises the following steps: any one of lithium battery cell waste obtained by processing waste lithium battery cells, positive and negative pole piece waste obtained by processing waste positive and negative pole pieces or waste dry batteries is crushed, washed, vibrated and screened for a plurality of times to obtain a screen material-pole piece metal mixture and a screen material-slurry containing positive and negative pole active substances, the screen material is subjected to filter pressing to obtain wet powder, and the screen material is dried and then separated to obtain the metal reclaimed material. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, at least the effective separation of metal and positive and negative active substances in the waste lithium battery, the recovery pole piece or the scrapped pole piece and the dry battery can be realized, compared with the existing battery recovery processing technology, the recovery cost of enterprises can be obviously reduced, and the recovery efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power battery recovery treatment, in particular to a recycling process of waste batteries and a corresponding equipment system.
Background
The waste batteries contain a large amount of heavy metals and electrolyte solutions such as waste acid, waste alkali and the like, and if the electrolyte solutions are discarded at will, serious damage can be caused to lands, water sources and the like. The waste batteries are recycled, so that pollution can be prevented, useful components in the waste batteries can be recycled, and resources are saved.
The waste batteries are various, such as lithium ion batteries, dry batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and the like, the internal structures of the batteries are different, and the materials for forming the batteries are different, for example, the lithium ion batteries generally comprise a shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and organic electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material comprises a positive electrode metal sheet and an active substance attached to the positive electrode metal sheet, and the active substance is generally lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate or lithium nickel cobalt manganate material; the anode material includes an anode metal sheet and an anode active material, typically graphite or carbon of approximately graphite structure, attached to the anode metal sheet. The dry battery generally includes a case material, a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material is manganese, graphite rod, or the like. The negative electrode material is zinc sheet, etc. For different types of waste batteries, the waste batteries are generally recycled by adopting a mode of firstly classifying and collecting and then classifying for treatment.
Chinese patent CN201310001960.5 discloses a method for comprehensively recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries by recycling, firstly, discharging, air drying and crushing the waste lithium ion batteries, and then, obtaining the battery core containing the metal shell through gravity separation. Crushing, magnetic separation and sorting are carried out on the electric core, the fragments of the steel shell are sorted, and the rest electric core fragments are screened to obtain oversize products: metal chips, plastic, membrane, undersize: positive and negative electrode materials, current collectors, and the like. And (3) re-selecting and recycling diaphragm materials for the oversize products, then performing vortex separation and recycling copper and aluminum, cleaning the undersize products, screening, collecting a part of aluminum again, leaching and selectively adsorbing the undersize products by sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and separating graphite raw materials, lithium and nickel cobalt manganese.
Chinese patent CN201110357507.9 discloses a method for industrially recovering zinc-manganese waste dry batteries, comprising (1) primary shredding and secondary shredding of batteries; (2) Drying, screening, recovering part of black carbon powder, and magnetically separating and recovering iron metal; (3) three-stage crushing of battery crushing fragments; (4) And (5) screening and recycling residual black powder, and separating metal powder such as plastic, zinc and the like by winnowing.
For enterprises engaged in waste battery recovery processing, a plurality of recovery processing lines are arranged to process waste batteries of different types, so that more production cost such as sites, equipment and manpower is required, and the development of waste battery recovery industry is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a recycling process and equipment system for waste batteries, which can use various products, and can reduce the input cost of enterprises while ensuring the recycling efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention can be realized by the following technical measures:
a recycling process of waste batteries comprises the following steps:
crushing, washing, vibrating and screening any one of lithium battery cell waste obtained by treating waste lithium battery cells, positive and negative pole piece waste obtained by treating waste positive and negative pole pieces or waste dry batteries for a plurality of times to obtain a screen material-pole piece metal mixture and a screen material-slurry containing positive and negative pole active substances, press-filtering the screen material to obtain wet powder, drying the screen material, and then sorting to obtain a metal reclaimed material; wherein:
the process for processing the waste lithium battery cells into lithium battery cell waste materials comprises the following steps:
discharging the battery cell, namely placing the waste lithium battery cell into saline solution for soaking for 10-12 hours to fully discharge;
cleaning and drying the battery cells, cleaning the battery cells subjected to discharge treatment by adopting clear water, removing salt water, and then drying;
breaking and cutting the battery cell, and cutting the shell of the cleaned and dried battery cell;
pyrolyzing the battery cell, and performing high-temperature treatment on the broken battery cell to decompose organic matters in the battery cell to obtain lithium battery cell waste;
the process for processing the waste positive and negative plates into positive and negative plate scraps comprises the following steps:
shearing the pole pieces, namely shearing the waste positive and negative pole pieces to realize preliminary crushing;
and (3) carrying out pyrolysis on the pole piece, and carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis treatment on the preliminarily crushed positive and negative pole pieces to decompose organic matters on the pole piece material.
Preferably, the crushing comprises at least two crushing processes connected in series, wherein the crushing process is carried out from the last stage to obtain a crushed material with the diameter of 1-2 cm; the crushing comprises at least one wet crushing.
Preferably, the water-washing vibratory screening comprises at least two stages of water-washing vibratory screening in series.
Preferably, in the process of breaking and cutting the battery cell, the battery cell is cut into a knife up and down along the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-4 hours.
Preferably, after the oversize material pole piece metal mixture is dried, the oversize material pole piece metal mixture is screened before being separated, and part of positive and negative electrode active material powder is recovered again.
A recycling system for waste batteries comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out material transmission:
a battery cell feeding device,
A discharge device for discharging the battery cells,
Cleaning device for cleaning discharged battery cells,
A first drying device for drying the cleaned battery cell,
Breaking and cutting device for cutting dried battery cells,
Pyrolysis device for high temperature treatment of raw materials to remove organic matters,
A crushing and screening system for crushing and washing and screening the pyrolyzed raw materials to separate the mixture of anode powder and cathode powder and pole piece metal,
Filter-pressing device for filter-pressing undersize slurry obtained by washing and screening,
Second drying device for drying pole piece metal mixture of oversize product obtained by washing and screening, vibrating screen for screening dried pole piece metal mixture, and
the metal sorting device is used for sorting the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize material of the vibrating screen;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device is also connected with a pole piece shearing machine for carrying out preliminary crushing on the waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine is connected with a pole piece feeding device; and the inlet end of the crushing and screening system is also connected with a dry battery feeding device.
Preferably, the inlet end and the outlet end of the crushing and screening system are respectively a crushing device and a water washing and screening device, and the crushing and screening system comprises at least two stages of crushing devices and at least two stages of water washing and screening devices.
Preferably, the outlet end of the first drying device is connected with a first receiving hopper, and the outlet end of the first receiving hopper is connected with the inlet end of the breaking device through a loading and unloading robot.
Preferably, two cutting knives with opposite knife edges are arranged at the discharge hole of the breaking device, and the knife edges are parallel to the movement direction of the battery cell.
Preferably, the undersize outlet of the crushing and screening system is connected with a slurry temporary storage tank, and the slurry temporary storage tank is connected with a filter pressing device through a liquid suction pipeline.
Preferably, the discharging device comprises a discharging groove and a battery cell transmission track moving in the discharging groove, wherein an inlet end of the battery cell transmission track is connected with the battery cell feeding device, and an outlet end of the battery cell transmission track is connected with the cleaning device.
Preferably, a second drying device and a vibrating screen are connected between the outlet end of the crushing and screening system and the metal sorting device.
Preferably, the separation device comprises a magnetic separation device and an eddy current separator connected with the magnetic separation device, a magnetic material outlet of the magnetic separation device is connected with an iron material storage device, and the eddy current separator is connected with a copper material storage device and an aluminum material storage device.
Preferably, the crushing and screening system comprises a first crushing device, a second crushing device, a third crushing device, a fourth crushing device, a first water-washing vibrating screen and a second water-washing vibrating screen. The inlet end of the first crushing device is connected with the outlet end of the pyrolysis device, the inlet end of the fourth crushing device is connected with the dry cell feeding device, the oversize product outlet end of the second washing vibrating screen is connected with the second drying device, and the undersize product outlet end is connected with the filter pressing device.
Preferably, when the third crushing device is a wet crushing device, the crushing and screening system is connected in a manner of from front to back: the first crushing device, the second crushing device, the first washing vibrating screen, the third crushing device and the second washing vibrating screen, and the fourth crushing device is connected with the first washing vibrating screen.
Preferably, when the three-stage crushing is dry crushing, the connection mode of the crushing and screening system is from front to back: the first crushing device, the second crushing device, the third crushing device, the first washing vibrating screen and the second washing vibrating screen, and the fourth crushing device is connected with the third crushing device.
Preferably, the solvent used for the multi-stage wet crushing and water washing screening is water.
The invention provides a device and a process for recycling various waste battery materials through process optimization, which are safe and environment-friendly, and can meet the requirement of recycling various waste battery materials through simple switching.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the accompanying drawings, the embodiments in which do not constitute any limitation of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a process route diagram of the recycling process of the waste batteries of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the recycling system of waste batteries of the invention.
The drawings in the drawings are labeled:
001, a battery cell feeding device; 002, a discharge device; 003, cleaning device; 004, a first drying device; 005, breaking and cutting device; 006, pyrolysis means; 007, a filter press device; 008, a second drying means; 009, vibrating screen; 010, a first crushing device; 011, a second crushing device; 012, first receiving hopper; 013, a slurry temporary storage groove; 014, third crushing means; 015, a fourth crushing device; 016, a first water-washing vibrating screen; 017, a second water-washed vibrating screen; 018, dry cell loading attachment; 019, magnetic separation device; 020, eddy current separator; 021, cutting knife; 022, loading and unloading robots; 023, pole piece shears; 024, pole piece feeding device; 025, material conveying means; 026, a pipette; 027, a ferrous material storage device; 028, aluminum storage device; 029, copper storage device.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, specific embodiments thereof will be described further below.
The recycling equipment adopted by the invention comprises the following components:
a cell feeding device 001,
A discharge device 002 for performing cell discharge,
Cleaning device 003 for cleaning discharged battery cell,
First drying device 004 for drying the cleaned battery cells,
Breaking and cutting device 005 for cutting dried battery cell,
A pyrolysis device 006 for high temperature treatment of the feedstock to remove organics,
Crushing and screening system for crushing and washing and screening pyrolyzed raw materials to separate positive and negative electrode active substances and pole piece metal mixtures,
A filter press device 007 for press-filtering the undersize slurry obtained by washing and sieving,
A second drying device 008 for drying the metal mixture of the pole piece of the oversize material obtained by washing and screening,
A vibrating screen 009 for sieving the dried pole piece metal mixture, and
a metal sorting device for sorting the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize material of the vibrating screen 009;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device 006 is connected with a pole piece shearing machine 023 for preliminary crushing of waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine 023 is connected with a pole piece feeding device 024;
the crushing and screening system comprises a first crushing device 010, a second crushing device 011, a third crushing device 014, a fourth crushing device 015, a first washing vibrating screen 016 and a second washing vibrating screen 017, wherein the inlet end of the first crushing device 010 is connected with the outlet end of the pyrolysis device 006, the inlet end of the fourth crushing device 015 is connected with a dry battery feeding device 018, the oversize product outlet end of the second washing vibrating screen 017 is connected with a second drying device 008, and the undersize product outlet end is connected with a filter pressing device 007.
When the third crushing device 014 is a wet crushing device, the crushing and screening system is connected in a front-to-back manner: the first crushing device 010, the second crushing device 011, the first washing vibrating screen 016, the third crushing device 014 and the second washing vibrating screen 017, and the fourth crushing device 015 is connected with the first washing vibrating screen 016; when the three-stage crushing is dry crushing, the connection mode of the crushing and screening system is from front to back: the first crushing device 010, the second crushing device 011, the third crushing device 014, the first water-washing vibrating screen 016, the second water-washing vibrating screen 017, and the fourth crushing device 015 are connected to the third crushing device 014.
The separation device comprises a magnetic separation device 019 for separating iron and an eddy current separator 020 for separating nonferrous metals.
Example 1
The equipment is adopted to recycle the lithium battery cell:
and (3) conveying the battery cells obtained by disassembling the power battery into a brine tank of a discharging device 002 through a battery cell feeding device 001, and soaking for 10 hours to fully discharge. The electric core after discharge treatment sequentially passes through a cleaning device 003 and a drying device to remove salt water carried by the electric core and dry. The cleaned and dried battery cells are sent to a first receiving hopper 012 by a material conveying device 025, and sent to a breaking device 005 by an upper and lower material conveying robot 022, an outlet of the breaking device 005 is provided with an upper cutting knife 021 and a lower cutting knife 021, when the battery cells pass through the outlet along the axial direction, the upper and lower cutting knives cut the battery cells into a knife along the longitudinal direction, so that the shell of the battery cells is split, and the internal diaphragm is exposed. The broken and cut battery cells are sent into a pyrolysis device 006, a turnover mechanism is arranged in the pyrolysis device 006, and the high temperature of 500-600 ℃ is kept, so that the battery is heated uniformly, and the separator, the organic binder and the like in the battery cells are decomposed by high temperature treatment, so that the lithium battery cell waste material comprising the metal pole pieces and the positive and negative inorganic active substances is obtained. The obtained lithium battery cell waste is crushed and screened through a crushing and screening system, the crushing and screening system comprises a first crushing device 010, a wet type second crushing device 011, a first water-washing vibrating screen 016, a wet type third crushing device 014 and a second water-washing vibrating screen 017 which are sequentially connected in series, the wet type third crushing device 014 finally obtains a pole piece metal mixture with the diameter of about 1-2 cm and slurry containing positive and negative electrode active substances, the undersize slurry obtained by screening of the first water-washing vibrating screen 016 and the second water-washing vibrating screen 017 is stored in a slurry temporary storage tank 013, the slurry in the two slurry temporary storage tanks 013 is sent to a filter pressing device 007 through a liquid suction pipeline 026, a filter cake is obtained through filter pressing, and the transportation and the storage are convenient for further recovery treatment. The second water washing vibrating screen 017 is used for drying the pole piece metal mixture on the screen through a second drying device 008, a part of the anode and cathode powder which is not completely separated is recycled through a dry vibrating screen 009 again, and finally the pole piece metal mixture which is completely separated is obtained, the pole piece metal mixture sequentially passes through a magnetic separation device 019 and an eddy current separator 020, the iron materials separated through magnetic separation are sent to an iron material storage device 027 through a material transmission device, and aluminum materials and copper materials obtained through eddy current separation are respectively stored in an aluminum material storage device 028 and a copper material storage device 029.
Example 2
The equipment is adopted to recycle the resources of the positive and negative plates:
the waste positive and negative pole pieces and the like scrapped in the disassembly and recovery or production process are subjected to preliminary crushing through a pole piece shearing machine 023 due to large volume, the shearing action reduces the volume of the massive pole pieces on one hand, positive and negative pole active substances mixed in the pole pieces are subjected to preliminary separation on the other hand, the sheared pole piece waste is sent to a pyrolysis device 006, and then the positive and negative pole active substances filter cake and the metal recovery material are obtained through separation under the same technological conditions and equipment as those of the recycling recovery of the lithium battery cells.
Example 3
The equipment is adopted for recycling the dry battery:
the waste dry batteries are sent to a fourth crushing device 015 through a dry battery feeding device 018, the fourth crushing device 015 is connected with a first washing vibrating screen 016 through a material conveying device 025, and the next recovery treatment is carried out according to the process and conditions of recycling the battery core and the positive and negative electrode plates of the lithium battery, so that the positive and negative electrode active material wet powder and the metal recovery material are finally obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The recycling system for the waste batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially carrying out material transmission:
a battery cell feeding device,
A discharge device for discharging the battery cells,
Cleaning device for cleaning discharged battery cells,
A first drying device for drying the cleaned battery cell,
Breaking and cutting device for cutting dried battery cells,
Pyrolysis device for high temperature treatment of raw materials to remove organic matters,
Crushing and screening system for crushing and washing and screening pyrolyzed raw materials to separate positive and negative electrode active substances and pole piece metal mixtures,
Filter-pressing device for filter-pressing undersize slurry obtained by washing and screening,
A second drying device for drying the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize products obtained by washing and screening,
Vibrating screen for screening dried pole piece metal mixture, and
the metal sorting device is used for sorting the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize material of the vibrating screen;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device is also connected with a pole piece shearing machine for carrying out preliminary crushing on the waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine is connected with a pole piece feeding device; and the inlet end of the crushing and screening system is also connected with a dry battery feeding device.
2. The recycling system of waste batteries according to claim 1, wherein the inlet end and the outlet end of the crushing and screening system are respectively a crushing device and a water washing and screening device, and the crushing and screening system comprises at least two stages of crushing devices and at least two stages of water washing and screening devices.
3. The recycling system of waste batteries according to claim 1, wherein the separation device comprises a magnetic separation device for separating iron and an eddy current separator for separating copper and aluminum.
4. An application of the recycling system of the waste batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the recycling system is used for recycling the waste batteries and comprises the following steps:
crushing, washing, vibrating and screening any one of lithium battery cell waste obtained by treating waste lithium battery cells, positive and negative pole piece waste obtained by treating waste positive and negative pole pieces or waste dry batteries to obtain a mixture of pole piece metals and undersize materials, namely slurry containing positive and negative active substances, carrying out filter pressing on the undersize materials to obtain wet powder, drying the undersize materials, and then sorting to obtain metal reclaimed materials; wherein,
the process for processing the waste lithium battery cells into lithium battery cell waste materials comprises the following steps:
discharging the battery cell, namely placing the waste lithium battery cell into a saline solution for soaking for 10-12 hours to fully discharge;
cleaning and drying the battery cells, cleaning the battery cells subjected to discharge treatment by adopting clear water, removing salt water, and then drying;
breaking and cutting the battery cell, and cutting the shell of the cleaned and dried battery cell;
pyrolyzing the battery cell, and performing high-temperature treatment on the broken battery cell to decompose organic matters in the battery cell to obtain lithium battery cell waste;
the process for processing the waste positive and negative plates into positive and negative plate scraps comprises the following steps:
shearing the pole pieces, namely shearing the waste positive and negative pole pieces to realize preliminary crushing;
and (3) carrying out pyrolysis on the pole piece, and carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis treatment on the preliminarily crushed positive and negative pole pieces to decompose organic matters on the pole piece material.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the crushing comprises at least two crushing steps, the last crushing step yielding crushed material having a diameter of 1-2 cm.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the crushing process comprises at least one wet crushing.
7. The use of claim 4, wherein the water-wash vibratory screening comprises at least two-stage water-wash vibratory screening.
8. The use of claim 4, wherein the cells are cut up and down in the longitudinal direction by a knife during the cell breaking process.
9. The use according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the cell pyrolysis or the pole piece pyrolysis is 500-600 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 3-4 hours.
10. The method according to claim 4, wherein after drying the oversize material sheet metal mixture and before sorting, the oversize material sheet metal mixture is subjected to a screening treatment, and a part of the positive and negative electrode active material powder is recovered again.
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| CN110120560A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-13 | 福建常青新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of waste and old ternary lithium battery recycling sorting process |
| CN111842416A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-30 | 安徽南都华铂新材料科技有限公司 | Waste lithium battery recovery equipment and recovery method |
| CN111974785A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-11-24 | 广东尚鼎环境科技有限公司 | Pyrolysis recovery method for waste lithium battery |
| CN115332661A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-11 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for treating waste lithium battery positive plate and application |
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