CN1300506C - Plasma multi-stage cracking technology and apparatus capable of processing multiple organic wastes simultaneously - Google Patents
Plasma multi-stage cracking technology and apparatus capable of processing multiple organic wastes simultaneously Download PDFInfo
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- CN1300506C CN1300506C CNB2003101151994A CN200310115199A CN1300506C CN 1300506 C CN1300506 C CN 1300506C CN B2003101151994 A CNB2003101151994 A CN B2003101151994A CN 200310115199 A CN200310115199 A CN 200310115199A CN 1300506 C CN1300506 C CN 1300506C
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a multiple-stage plasma body cracking method for simultaneously treating various kinds of organic waste, and a device thereof. The method of the present invention comprises: reducibility working gas is filled in a first-stage plasma body cracking furnace, generated tail gas is combustible gas, and then the tail gas is filled in a second-stage cracking furnace for supplying an accessory energy source to the second-stage cracking furnace; oxidizability working gas is filled in the second-stage cracking furnace, and thus, the electric energy consumption can be saved; if the first-stage cracking furnace and the second-stage cracking furnace are connected in parallel with each other, and one set of tail gas treating device can be adopted for the cracking furnace and the second-stage cracking furnace; tail gas of the first-stage cracking furnace connected in series with the second-stage cracking furnace is filled in the second-stage cracking furnace by washing and neutralizing acidic gas to be used as auxiliary fuel; after post-treatment, combustible gas discharged from the second-stage cracking furnace is filled in a combustor to be combusted or filled in a generator for power generation. The bottom of the second-stage cracking furnace which is provided by the present invention is provided with at least one gas inlet. Thus, the cracking temperature can be enhanced by increasing the gas supply amounts, and the advantages of energy saving and time saving are achieved. The two cracking furnaces can form an integral furnace body according to integral design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and plasma furnace of plasma pyrolysis, particularly relate to a kind of multistage cracking technology of plasma and device of handling multiple debirs simultaneously.
Background technology
Organic waste not only composition itself is extremely harmful, but also may include various other poisonous and harmful elements.The bacterial virus of carrying as clinical waste has extremely strong infectiousness, and chemical waste comprises poisonous and hazardous organic matters such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polychlorinated biphenyls, thereby must effectively handle disposal.Current, the processing of clinical waste and other organic wastes has become an important environmental protection subject under discussion, and various circles of society extremely pay close attention to innoxious processing method.Adopt incinerating method can utterly destroy pathogen, but discharge pernicious gas easily, produce secondary pollution, for example may produce many chloros dibenzodioxin English and many chloros dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs, be called for short dioxin) etc. harmful substance, become new pollution sources.
Use the plasma technique cracking to handle hazardous waste, can overcome the shortcoming of traditional landfill, burning method, it has efficiently, the advantage of environmental protection.Have some patents at present both at home and abroad, disclose employing direct current plasma body technique, and rely on electric energy to come organic waste cracking.
The direct-current plasma patented technology of Envirolution, INC. of U.S. star section (Startech) development can be handled the multiple refuse that comprises chemical weapons, but technical sophistication, the equipment cost costliness.
Hans Kalt (United States Patent (USP) 5280757) is with the arc-plasma MSW that gasifies; Ba Dun (United States Patent (USP) 4644877) and Bel's (United States Patent (USP) 4431612) destroy Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) etc. with arc-plasma, but these methods all need be changed electrode, make cost higher.
Grimma, Germany (Chinese patent 89105527.4) patent disclosure employing water-vapor plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, Australian Union's science and industrial research tissue (Chinese patent 93103682.8) adopt inert gas plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, but reaction is only carried out in earthenware, reaction compartment is little, brings difficulty to industrialization.
Jusheng Fluorine Chemistry Co Ltd, Zhejiang's (Chinese patent 00128708.7) adopts direct-current plasma to handle organohalogen compounds, but this method is not suitable for handling clinical waste.
Wang Zhongyi, Huang Shaoqing (Chinese patent 01206033.X) adopt direct-current plasma to handle clinical waste, but exist excess air too much, and the tail gas amount is excessive, the shortcoming that the NOx discharge capacity is big.
In sum, there are many shortcomings in above-mentioned existing plasma pyrolysis technology, as: technical sophistication, make cost higher, apparatus expensive is brought difficulty to industrialization, and particularly common refuse is according to the difference of plasma pyrolysis processing method, can be divided into following two classes, be fit to reducing atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere respectively and carry out cracking:
1) first kind: the toxic agent of chemical weapons, Polychlorinated biphenyls, agricultural chemicals, general toxic chemical etc., toxicity is higher, but is generally gas, liquid or granular solids, can adopt small-sized charging aperture, and charging is easy, a large amount of air of can not carrying under one's arms, sealing is easily.This type of refuse adopts the advantage of reducing atmosphere working gas: the tail gas amount is seldom handled easier; Can slag making materials form vitreum, fixedly heavy metal etc.; Can adopt thermode, as graphite electrode, tungsten alloy electrode; Can adopt to exchange or dc source, can using plasma electric arc.
2) second class: clinical waste etc. have the refuse of certain calorific value, and toxicity is lower, packaging volume is big, nuisance content such as density is low, heavy metal are few, and pollutant is mainly pathogen, does not have the requirement of vitrifying residue; Packing material includes a large amount of air, can not discharge and is brought in the stove, if get rid of packing, also needs the heat treatment sterilization; Charging aperture must be very big, the system sealing of plasma furnace is difficulty, thereby be difficult to adopt reducing gas hydrogen as working gas, be fit to adopt air plasma or adopt the oxygen plasma working gas to carry out the cracking processing, at this moment, can also utilize the energy (calorific value) in the part refuse, reduce power consumption, the tail gas amount is also less.Therefore be not suitable for adopting thermode, can adopt water-cooling metal electrode, generally adopt dc source.
The dissimilar refuse of above-mentioned two classes is not suitable for adopting with a kind of work atmosphere in same plasma reactor and handles.If simply adopt two or many plasma furnaces processing, then equipment investment and operating cost all can be too high; If adopt same plasma furnace to handle dissimilar refuses, can not all reach rational processing to all refuses, cause and handle shortcomings such as power consumption is big, the vent gas treatment amount is big.
If according to the characteristics and the quantity of dissimilar refuses, design a kind of multistage cracker of plasma of handling multiple debirs simultaneously, just can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.The present invention overcomes above-mentioned shortcoming exactly, the plasma furnace combination of reducing atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere will be adopted, design multi-stag plasma pyrolysis technology according to its characteristics, can take plasma furnace series connection and process route in parallel, generally adopt two-stage pyrolysis furnace arranged in series more superior.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that the cost that has the existence of plasma pyrolysis technology is higher, power consumption is high and can not handle the number of different types refuse simultaneously; Thereby a kind of employing two-stage plasma pyrolysis stove series connection is provided, and perhaps Bing Lian mode is formed integrated body of heater, working gas that employings at different levels are different and work atmosphere, and the method and apparatus of dissimilar hazardous wastes is handled in realization cracking simultaneously.
The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
The plasma pyrolysis method of handling multiple debirs simultaneously provided by the invention is included on the multistage cracking plasma furnace that the present invention is composed in series and carries out according to the following steps:
(1) at first will be fit to solid waste that the one-level pyrolysis furnace handles and carry out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add cracking in the one-level pyrolysis furnace continuously; And feed reducing atmosphere as working gas, and working gas is hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, the input gas flow is per hour 1 to 10 cubic metre; When furnace gas contains oxygen, then oxygen content and the ratio of refuse complete reaction requisite oxygen amount are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K-3500K;
(2) imflammable gas of discharging after the cracking of one-level pyrolysis furnace enters the secondary pyrolysis furnace, is included in to enter before the secondary pyrolysis furnace, carries out in the processing of routine cleaningization and sour gas; Perhaps also comprise adding and be used to generate Vitrea silicon compound, calcium compound, sodium compound, iron and ferriferous oxide in the one-level pyrolysis furnace, its addition is 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and metal oxides are all with listed as parts by weight;
(3) will be fit to the solid waste that the secondary pyrolysis furnace handles simultaneously and directly send into the secondary pyrolysis furnace, perhaps earlier it is carried out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add continuously in the secondary pyrolysis furnace; The working gas of the plasmatorch of secondary pyrolysis furnace is an oxidizing gas, and oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; Go back make-up gas in the secondary pyrolysis furnace, described make-up gas is air and water vapour; Make-up gas can be blown processed refuse, works under fluidized state;
(4) the flammable tail gas of discharging from the secondary pyrolysis furnace comprises and directly delivers to burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator generating; Perhaps, deliver to the generating of burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator again through behind conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas processing, the particulate separation treatment process;
(5) step (4) separated particulate material is reclaimed respectively.
Perhaps also be included in to add in the step (2) and be used to generate Vitrea silicon compound, calcium compound, sodium compound, iron and ferriferous oxide in plasma arc furnace, its addition is 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and ferriferous oxides are all with listed as parts by weight; Wherein silicon compound is a silica; Calcium compound is a calcium carbonate; Sodium compound is a sodium carbonate; Described iron and ferriferous oxide are: iron and tri-iron tetroxide.
Oxidizing gas in the described step (3) comprises: the gas that oxygen, air or any weight portion of the two mix.
The reinforced time interval of described intermittent mode is 15 seconds to 5 minute.
The cleavage method of handling multiple debirs simultaneously provided by the invention is included in the plasma pyrolysis stove that composes in parallel provided by the invention and carries out in proper order according to the following steps:
(1) will be fit to solid waste that the one-level pyrolysis furnace handles and carry out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add cracking in the one-level pyrolysis furnace continuously; Working gas is a reducing atmosphere in the one-level pyrolysis furnace, and described reducing gas is hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, and the input gas flow is per hour 1 to 10 cubic metre; Working gas contains oxygen in stove, and then oxygen content and the ratio of refuse complete reaction requisite oxygen amount are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K--3500K;
(2) will be fit to the solid waste that the secondary pyrolysis furnace handles simultaneously and directly send into the secondary pyrolysis furnace, or after it is carried out pre-treatment, intermittently or add continuously in the secondary pyrolysis furnace by conveying system; The working gas of secondary pyrolysis furnace is an oxidizing gas, and oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; The secondary pyrolysis furnace also replenishes oxidizing gas, or adds water vapour;
(3) from the imflammable gas of one-level pyrolysis furnace and the discharge of secondary pyrolysis furnace, behind conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas processing, particulate separation treatment process, deliver to the generating of burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material is reclaimed respectively.
The reinforced time interval of described intermittent mode is 15 seconds to 5 minute.
A kind of multistage cracker of integrated plasma of handling multiple debirs simultaneously provided by the invention comprises an one-level pyrolysis furnace (plasma arc furnace) and a secondary pyrolysis furnace (plasma torch stove); It is characterized in that, two burner hearths of described one-level pyrolysis furnace and secondary pyrolysis furnace public hearth wall that connects together, series connection is made of one stove before and after one-level pyrolysis furnace and the secondary pyrolysis furnace; But the exhaust outlet that a switch is arranged on the described one-level pyrolysis furnace, exhaust outlet connect the inlet of the purifier of one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust, and the outlet of purifier connects the air inlet of secondary pyrolysis furnace; Opening a passage on the public furnace wall face, is one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust outlet, is an inlet channel of secondary pyrolysis furnace simultaneously; Be provided with the baffle plate switch in the passage, when adopting the passage exhaust, exhaust close; When the exhaust of use exhaust outlet, then the baffle plate switch in the closing passage; Described one-level pyrolysis furnace working gas adopts hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, adopts to exchange or dc source, and the working gas of described secondary pyrolysis furnace plasma torch is an oxidizing gas, and oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; Go back make-up gas in the secondary pyrolysis furnace, described make-up gas is air and water vapour, adopts dc source.
A kind of multistage cracker of integrated plasma of handling multiple debirs simultaneously provided by the invention, comprise a plasma electric arc furnaces (one-level pyrolysis furnace), also comprise a plasma torch stove (secondary pyrolysis furnace), the exhaust outlet 6 of described plasma arcs stove links to each other with the exhaust outlet 12 of described plasma torch stove by pipeline, body of heater is not provided with passage 13, forms the parallel layout of two-stage pyrolysis furnace.
The present invention can also adopt the plasma arc furnace of separation and plasma torch stove to realize, does not adopt integrated furnace.
Described plasma arc furnace comprises a body of heater, is made of upper furnace body 1 ' and lower furnace body 33, and this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material and heat-barrier material lining 22 and cooling jacket 17, and body of heater is provided with feeding mouth 2, exhaust outlet 6 and slag notch 5; The body of heater top is provided with working gas import 88; Bottom of furnace body is provided with crucible 18; At least two electrode that is connected with power supply 3 oblique cuttings are at the body of heater top; Comprise that also one is used for described at least two electrode is carried out the starting the arc positioner that the starting the arc was located and assisted to electrode.
Described starting the arc positioner comprises backstay 16 and is used for the stepper motor 112 of drive electrode, described backstay is inserted in the center drilling 88 on the body of heater, and can move radially along this perforate, described backstay contacts with electrode when assisting the starting the arc in electrode location, and after the starting the arc away from electrode.Also can be provided with sensor on the described backstay.
Described plasma torch stove comprises a burner hearth, and its inboard is provided with refractory material furnace lining, insulating and cooling jacket, and this hearth wall is provided with charging aperture 7 and at least one plasma torch 8, a plurality of plasma torch interlaced arrangement; The hearth wall bottom is provided with slag notch 9, water seal 10, and the hearth wall top is provided with exhaust outlet 12, also is provided with an air inlet 11 on furnace bottom or the furnace wall at least, and air inlet is communicated with source of the gas by the pipeline that has control valve.
Described electrode can be the thermode that graphite or high-temperature metal are made.
The optimal way of described integrated body of heater is a series system.
Plasma furnace of the present invention can continuous 24 hours continuous service or intermitten service, can select voluntarily as requested.Big, the less refuse of volume of the suitable cracking toxicity of described plasma arc furnace, the plasma torch stove is fit to the organic waste that the cracking calorific value is higher, toxicity is less, volume is bigger, as clinical waste, sanitary waste etc., comprise the various refuses of solid-state, semisolid, liquid state or gaseous state.
Technology of the present invention and plasma furnace compared with the prior art, its advantage is:
1, generally adopt two-stage pyrolysis furnace arranged in series: one-level plasma pyrolysis stove adopts the reproducibility working gas, and the tail gas of generation is imflammable gas, enters the secondary pyrolysis furnace, for the secondary pyrolysis furnace provides supplementary energy.The secondary pyrolysis furnace adopts the oxidisability working gas, can saves energy consumption; Be arranged in parallel if adopt, then one-level pyrolysis furnace and secondary pyrolysis furnace can adopt a cover tail gas treatment device; The bottom of secondary pyrolysis furnace provided by the invention is provided with at least one air inlet, therefore can improve cracking temperature by increasing the gas supply, reaches the advantage of energy savings and time; The two-stage pyrolysis furnace can form combined body of heater according to integrated design;
2, a complete set of technology comprises pre-treatment charging of one-level pyrolysis furnace and plasma pyrolysis, pre-treatment charging of secondary pyrolysis furnace and plasma pyrolysis, post processing and burning and exhausting etc.The tail gas of the one-level pyrolysis furnace of arranged in series can be through entering the secondary pyrolysis furnace as auxiliary fuel with sour gas in the washing; The imflammable gas that the secondary pyrolysis furnace is discharged is delivered to burner combustion or generator for electricity generation through post processing;
3, can handle the few high risk refuse of quantity and quantity is big, volume is big, low density medical treatment and biochemical class debirs simultaneously, the equipment and technology flow process is fairly simple, invests lowly, and power consumption is low;
4, this method makes full use of the calorific value of organic waste self, under in check oxidizing atmosphere, discharge heat energy and strengthen cracking, power consumption is approximately 1/3rd to 1/4th of general plasma pyrolysis technology, handle the about 0.2～0.3kW/kg of power consumption of organic wastes such as Biohazard Waste, have reduced investment, characteristics that operating cost is low; If utilize the combustible gas generating, generated energy can be higher than self power consumption;
5, the volume of the organic waste after this method is handled can reduce significantly, reaches as high as 99%, and organic matter can be decomposed into simple substance structures such as carbon, hydrogen, collects after the devaporation of low gasification point metal, and silicate becomes harmless vitreous structure; The tail gas generation only is about 10～15% of traditional burning method, and does not produce harmful substances such as dioxin, meets environmental protection requirement; Hurried cooling after this method makes exhaust temperature reduce to 450 ℃ can guarantee can not synthesize many chloros dibenzodioxin English and many chloros dibenzofurans, i.e. dioxin-like compound in the tail gas temperature-fall period;
6, this method is applied widely, is applicable to the processing of the multiple organic waste that comprises MSW, clinical waste, and is applicable to the organic waste of solid-state, semisolid, liquid state or gaseous state; Particularly compared with the prior art this method is simple, can not need to pulverize earlier solid-state organic waste, directly gasifies, cracking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adopting the cracking technology flow chart of secondary cracking arranged in series of the present invention
The cracking technology flow chart of Fig. 2 for adopting secondary cracking of the present invention to be arranged in parallel
Fig. 3 a is the main pseudosection of secondary cracking integrated furnace body structure of the present invention
Fig. 3 b is the left pseudosection of secondary cracking integrated furnace body structure of the present invention
Fig. 3 c is the top plan view of secondary cracking integrated furnace body structure of the present invention
The power supply of plasma arcs and plasma torch all is not shown in the figure
Fig. 4 is plasma arc furnace of the present invention (one-level pyrolysis furnace) structural representation
In Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c and Fig. 4:
Body of heater (integrated body of heater) 1; Apparatus for feeding (the one-level pyrolysis furnace is used) 2;
One-level pyrolysis furnace electrode 3; Slag (one-level pyrolysis furnace) 4;
Slag notch (one-level pyrolysis furnace) 5; Exhaust outlet (the one-level pyrolysis furnace is used) 6;
Charging aperture (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 7; Plasma torch (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 8;
Slag notch (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 9; Water seal (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 10;
Air inlet (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 11; Exhaust outlet (secondary pyrolysis furnace) 12;
Refractory material and insulating 22; Cooling jacket 17; Centre bore 88;
Plasma arc furnace upper furnace body 1 '; Plasma arc furnace lower furnace body 33; Blocking device 111;
Stepper motor 112; Backstay 16; Crucible 18;
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With reference to accompanying drawing 1 and specific embodiment, the technology and the plasma furnace of the plasma pyrolysis organic waste that is composed in series of the present invention described in further detail.
The embodiment of the invention 1 adopts tandem to handle the method for solid dangerous waste, carries out according to the following steps:
(1) at first the poisonous and harmful solid waste of pending fluorine-containing and Polychlorinated biphenyls residue is carried out pulverization process, be transported to continuously in the plasma arc furnace of present embodiment 1 by spiral conveying system then, what it produced when operation is plasma arc, adopt the work gas of hydrogen as plasma generator, power 150kW per hour can handle 60kg; The cracking treatment temperature is 1800～2000K; By 30 parts of interpolation silica in stove, 40 parts of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate mixture, 20 parts of tri-iron tetroxide and metal iron plates generate vitreum, all in weight portion; Total amount is for per hour adding 15kg.
(2) tail gas that produces from the one-level pyrolysis furnace enters exhaust gas purification system by gas discharge outlet, and through conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride remove, and particulate separation such as carbon black obtain combustible gas, and fuel gas enters secondary cracking plasma torch stove; The combustible gas here generally comprises one or more of following gas: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane;
(3) medical waste and the waste plastic mixture that will contain plastics, cotton yarn simultaneously passes through bucket type charger adding secondary plasma pyrolysis stove, the time interval that intermittence, feed way can adopt is according to variations in temperature in the stove, between 50～150 seconds, change, be equivalent to quasi-continuous operation; The addition of clinical waste and waste plastics is 4: 1 weight portions;
The air mass flow of this plasma stove is 40 cubes of mark rice per hour.Make-up gas is air and water vapour, and air mass flow is 60 cubes of mark rice per hour, and water vapour is 10kg per hour, per hour can handle the mixture of 120kg clinical waste and waste plastics, and fire box temperature is controlled in 1300～1500K scope;
(4) combustible gas of secondary pyrolysis furnace discharge is after heat exchanger cools to 500 ℃, enter exhaust treatment system behind the water spray chilling, jet paraffin oxidation calcium powder slurry, remove hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, enter burner combustion heat hot water boiler then, fuel gas also can be delivered to gaseous fuel internal combustion engine generator group combustion power generation after purifying.
Described plasma arc furnace is circular cross-section (as an accompanying drawing 4), and the hearth wall inboard that is made of upper furnace body 1 ' and lower furnace body 33 is provided with graphite refractory and insulating 22 and cooling water layer 17, and slag 4 is at furnace bottom; Be provided with three electrodes 3 with power connection at the relative oblique cutting in the top of body of heater, electrode 3 electrically connects by transformer and three-phase alternating-current supply.Described transformer is the magnetic voltage regulator of band saturable reactor, operating voltage 70V.The electrode 3 of present embodiment uses graphite electrode.Plasma forms by the discharge between electrode 3 ends in the stove, does not rely on the conductive characteristic of furnace charge.
Described plasmatorch stove is the square-section burner hearth, (with reference to the secondary pyrolysis furnace part of figure 3a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c), the hearth wall inboard of body of heater 1 is provided with alumina refractory furnace lining, insulating and cooling jacket, hearth wall is provided with charging aperture 7 and 2 plasma torch 8 interlaced arrangement, to promote furnace gas to flow, make uniformity of temperature profile in the stove.Bottom of furnace body is provided with slag notch 9, the hearth wall top is provided with exhaust outlet 12, also be provided with 10 air inlets 11, air inlet 11 is vertically mounted on the bottom surface of the square-section burner hearth of plasma furnace, and air inlet 11 is communicated with the outlet of air compressor and one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust gas cleaner by the pipeline that has control valve.Two burner hearths of above-mentioned plasma arcs stove and plasma torch stove are joined a middle shared wall in two burner hearths; The exhaust outlet 6 of described plasma arcs stove links to each other by the import of pipeline with one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust gas cleaner, and the outlet of this exhaust gas cleaner links to each other with the air inlet 11 of described plasma torch stove, forms the series connection of two-stage pyrolysis furnace.
Described plasma torch is the direct-current plasma torch; The electrode of plasma torch is a water-cooling metal electrode, is made by oxygen-free copper or other metals.Described plasma furnace adopts dc source, and power supply adopts saturable reactor to cause the characteristic of falling suddenly; For reducing the ablation of electrode, adopt the little current status work of high voltage, operating voltage 400V, electric current 100A, every power 40kW.
Embodiment 2:
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 2, use the plasma pyrolysis stove of the embodiment of the invention 2, carry out cracking and handle and contain the phosphate fertilizer agricultural chemicals, carry out according to the following steps:
(1) pending non-agricultural chemicals is carried out pulverization process, and then be transported to continuously by conveying system in the plasma arc furnace of present embodiment 2; What it produced when operation is plasma arc, adopts the work gas of hydrogen as plasma generator, uses dc source, operating voltage 40V power, and 25kW per hour can handle 15kg; The cracking treatment temperature is 1600～1700K;
(2) simultaneously waste plastics is added secondary plasma pyrolysis stove by the fluid pressure type charger, charging hydraulic push rod and plunger are installed in the charging aperture place of body of heater; The time interval that intermittence, feed way can adopt changes between 15～50 seconds according to variations in temperature in the stove, is equivalent to quasi-continuous operation.
The oxygen plasma torch of pyrolysis furnace, every torch of gas flow be 10 cubes of mark rice per hour, and air inlet 11 adds supplemental oxygen and strengthens cracking, air inflow is 10 cubes of mark rice per hour, and air inlet also adds per hour 1kg of water vapour, and cracking gas is discharged from exhaust outlet, end slag enters slag bath, discharges through water seal.Plasma torch adopts dc source, and operating voltage is 100V, electric current 80A, and every power 8kW per hour can treatment of waste plastics 60kg, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1400～1500K.
(3) tail gas from one-level pyrolysis furnace and the generation of secondary pyrolysis furnace enters exhaust gas purification system, through conventional tail gas heat exchange cooling and chilling cooling, jet paraffin oxidation calcium powder art, injection water steam, remove hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, phosphide, with sack cleaner solid particulate matters such as carbon black are separated, obtain clean combustible gas and enter burner; The combustible gas here generally comprises one or more of following gas: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
With reference to accompanying drawing 3a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c the plasma pyrolysis stove that composes in parallel of the present invention is described in further detail.
Described plasma arc furnace is square-section (with reference to an one-level pyrolysis furnace part among figure 3a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c), the hearth wall inboard of body of heater 1 is provided with graphite refractory, insulating and cooling water layer, the top of stove is inserted with two electrodes 3 with power connection relatively, electrode 3 electrically connects with dc source, ghyristor circuit control power source voltage electric current steep drop characteristic; Electrode can oxygen-free copper etc. the water cooled electrode made of metal.Plasma forms by the discharge between the electrode tip in the stove, does not rely on the conductive characteristic of furnace charge.
Described plasmatorch stove is to have the plasma enhancing pyrolysis furnace that circular cross-section is arranged, this plasma torch stove comprises a body of heater, this burner hearth of the furnace body wall inboard is provided with mgo refractory furnace lining and insulating, can arrange cooling jacket outside the heat-insulation and heat-preservation material.Hearth wall is provided with charging aperture, bottom of furnace body is provided with slag notch, three oxygen plasma torches of staggered installation on the hearth wall, plasma torch evenly distributes along the burner hearth circumference, and the axis of plasma torch becomes the angle of 60 degree with the normal direction of spherical hearth, perpendicular to the burner hearth axis, flow to promote furnace gas, make uniformity of temperature profile in the stove; The hearth wall top is provided with exhaust outlet, also is provided with 3 air inlets on the furnace wall, is crisscross arranged with plasma torch; The axis of this air inlet becomes the angle of 60 degree with the normal direction of spherical hearth, perpendicular to the burner hearth axis, air inlet is communicated with oxygen cylinder by the pipeline that has control valve.With above-mentioned plasma arcs stove and the parallel connection of plasma torch stove; The exhaust outlet 6 of described plasma arc furnace is communicated with by pipeline with the exhaust outlet of described plasma torch stove, forms the parallel layout of two-stage pyrolysis furnace.
In this embodiment, also can adopt integrated body of heater (accompanying drawing 3a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c), but passage 13 is not set, one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust outlet 6 and secondary pyrolysis furnace exhaust outlet 12 usefulness pipelines are connected to form are arranged in parallel.
Embodiment 3: use integrated pyrolysis furnace of the present invention and method tandem of the present invention and handle solid dangerous waste, its step is similar to embodiment 1, because it is few that the refuse that the one-level pyrolysis furnace is handled is fluorine-containing, chlorine etc. forms the composition of sour gas, therefore can in technological process, omit the control techniques (part of with dashed lines sign among Fig. 1) of one-level pyrolysis furnace tail gas, adopt integrated body of heater 1 (Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c), do not establish one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust outlet 6, idiographic flow carries out in the following order:
(1) with pending rubber plant's rubber intermediate (waste material) fragmentation, and then be transported to continuously in the one-level cracking burner hearth of the present invention by one-level pyrolysis furnace spiral apparatus for feeding 2, what one-level cracking burner hearth produced when operation is plasma arc, and electrode 3 is the tungsten cerium alloy thermode, adopts the work gas of hydrogen as plasma generator, use dc source, transformer is the magnetic voltage regulator of band saturable reactor, silicon rectifier, operating voltage 40V, power 20kW per hour can handle 15kg; The cracking treatment temperature is 1400～1600K.The residue 4 of one-level pyrolysis furnace is discharged by one-level pyrolysis furnace slag-drip opening 5;
(2) enter secondary cracking burner hearth from the cracking gas process one-level pyrolysis furnace of one-level pyrolysis furnace generation and the passage 13 of secondary pyrolysis furnace, react, emit heat, improve cracking temperature, can reduce the power of plasma torch with oxygen in the stove.The medical waste that will contain plastics, cotton yarn adds secondary cracking burner hearth by secondary pyrolysis furnace apparatus for feeding 7, and the time interval that intermittence, feed way can adopt changes between 10～50 seconds according to variations in temperature in the stove, is equivalent to quasi-continuous operation.Secondary cracking burner hearth has the square-section and arranges, the burner hearth inboard is provided with furnace lining and the insulating that mgo refractory is done, 2 pipe arc formula air plasma torches 8 are installed on the hearth wall, are produced furnace gas and flow, improve the uniformity that interior temperature of stove and gas componant distribute.Secondary cracking burner hearth bottom is provided with slag notch 9, and slag is discharged by water seal 10; Furnace bottom also is provided with air inlet 11, and totally 50, make-up gas is blown processed refuse, works under fluidized state; Air inlet is communicated with air blast by the pipeline that has control valve, and roof of the furnace is provided with exhaust outlet 12, and secondary pyrolysis furnace tail gas is discharged from exhaust outlet.The secondary pyrolysis furnace adopts the direct-current plasma generator, and power supply adopts the dc source of band saturable reactor, the characteristic of being fallen suddenly; For reducing the ablation of electrode, adopt the little current status work of high voltage, operating voltage 400V, electric current 50A, every power 20kW, air mass flow is 20 cubes of mark rice per hour.Make-up gas is air and water vapour, and air mass flow is 30 cubes of mark rice per hour, and water vapour is 5kg per hour, per hour can handle the 60kg clinical waste.
(3) combustible gas of secondary pyrolysis furnace discharge enters exhaust treatment system behind the water spray chilling after heat exchanger cools to 500 ℃, and jet paraffin oxidation calcium powder slurry is removed hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, enters burner combustion heat hot water boiler then.Fuel gas also can be delivered to gaseous fuel internal combustion engine generator group combustion power generation after purifying.The combustible gas here generally comprises one or more of following gas: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
Embodiment 4
Prepare a described plasma arc furnace of the present invention, structure as shown in Figure 4 with reference to Fig. 4.Upper furnace body 1 ' and lower furnace body 33 are steel shell, and their inboard is provided with refractory material and insulation material layer 22, and the bottom of lower furnace body 33 is provided with crucible 18.Between crucible 18 and stove inwall, be added with heat screen 15.
The top of stove is inserted with three electrodes of connecting with the power supply (not shown) 3 (profile is only represented two electrodes) relatively.When practical application, can be according to the electrode of power supply type symmetry installation more than two, the angle angle that electrode and furnace axis line form is between 0 to 90 degree, plasma arc furnace can adopt dc source operation (voltage 40-500V) as required, perhaps adopt AC power frequency supply (frequency 50-60Hz, voltage 40-350V), power supply has saturable reactor.AC power can be single-phase or three phase supply, also can be three single phase power supplies.Present embodiment is the three-phase main-frequency power supply.Electrode 3 can be the thermode that graphite or high-temperature metal are made, and also can be the water cooled electrode that metal such as oxygen-free copper is made, and present embodiment is a graphite electrode.Plasma forms by the discharge between the electrode tip in the stove, does not rely on the conductive characteristic of furnace charge.
In Fig. 4, working gas is entered by the passage in the middle pit of the stomach 88 of upper furnace body, is plasma gas by the electric arc ionization between electrode tip.Refuse (solid and gas) through pre-treatment enters stove from the charging aperture 2 that is positioned at upper furnace body 1 ' or lower furnace body 33, through contact cracking at high temperature with plasma gas.The gas that produces after the cracking is discharged from gas discharge outlet 6, and inorganic matter wherein forms metal level in graphite crucible and slag 4 is deposited in the crucible 18, and slag and the metal from crucible 18 bottoms gives off cinder notch 5 discharges again.Be provided with blocking device 111 in the slag notch 5.Plasma arc furnace can be in operation and regularly discharge metal and slag from slag notch 5, can therefrom collect metal and vitreum.Among Fig. 4, charging aperture 2 and gas discharge outlet 6 are arranged in upper furnace body, and when practical application, they also can be arranged in lower furnace body.The operating temperature of plasma arc furnace remains on 1200K-3500K.
Plasma arc furnace adopts water cooling, and cooling water enters body of heater by import 113, is discharged by outlet 14, by this cooling measure, makes the body of heater surface temperature not be higher than 50 ℃ of environment temperatures.
For make electrode 3 can before the starting the arc in body of heater accurate location, and guarantee the smooth starting the arc in electrode 3 ends in the body of heater, the utility model provides a kind of starting the arc positioner.This starting the arc positioner comprises backstay 16 and sensor (not shown).Backstay 16 can be moved up and down by the pit of the stomach 88 in the motor (not shown) control edge.Before plasma arc furnace started, backstay 16 descended, and stepper motor 112 is carried electrode 3 in body of heater, contact with backstay 16 until electrode 3, finishes the location of electrode, and provides the signal of finishing the location by sensor.After plasma arc furnace started, initial electric arc formed between electrode 3 and backstay 16, then, backstay 16 is promoted under the control of motor, and along with the rising of backstay 16, electric arc is transferred between the electrode 3 gradually.
Claims (10)
1. cleavage method of handling multiple debirs simultaneously comprises according to the following steps and carrying out:
(1) at first will be fit to solid waste that the one-level pyrolysis furnace handles and carry out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add cracking in the one-level pyrolysis furnace continuously; And feed reducing atmosphere as working gas, and working gas is hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, the input gas flow is per hour 1 to 10 cubic metre; When furnace gas contains oxygen, then oxygen content and the ratio of refuse complete reaction requisite oxygen amount are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K-3500K;
(2) imflammable gas of discharging after the cracking of one-level pyrolysis furnace enters the secondary pyrolysis furnace, is included in to enter before the secondary pyrolysis furnace, carries out in the processing of routine cleaningization and sour gas; Perhaps also comprise adding and be used to generate Vitrea silicon compound, calcium compound, sodium compound, iron and ferriferous oxide in the one-level pyrolysis furnace, its addition is 20～40 parts of silicon compounds, 30～50 parts of calcium sodium compounds, 20～40 parts of iron and ferriferous oxides are all with listed as parts by weight;
(3) will be fit to the solid waste that the secondary pyrolysis furnace handles simultaneously and directly send into the secondary pyrolysis furnace, perhaps earlier it is carried out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add continuously in the secondary pyrolysis furnace; The working gas of the plasmatorch of secondary pyrolysis furnace is an oxidizing gas, and described oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; Go back make-up gas in the secondary pyrolysis furnace, described make-up gas is air and water vapour; Make-up gas can be blown processed refuse, works under fluidized state;
(4) the flammable tail gas of discharging from the secondary pyrolysis furnace comprises and directly delivers to burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator generating; Perhaps, deliver to the generating of burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator again through behind conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas processing, the particulate separation treatment process;
(5) step (4) separated particulate material is reclaimed respectively.
2. by the described cleavage method of handling multiple debirs simultaneously of claim 1, it is characterized in that described silicon compound is a silica; Described calcium compound is a calcium carbonate; Described sodium compound is a sodium carbonate; Described iron and ferriferous oxide are: iron and tri-iron tetroxide.
3. cleavage method of handling multiple debirs simultaneously comprises according to the following steps and carrying out:
(1) will be fit to solid waste that the one-level pyrolysis furnace handles and carry out pre-treatment after, by conveying system intermittently or add cracking in the one-level pyrolysis furnace continuously; Working gas is a reducing atmosphere in the one-level pyrolysis furnace, and described reducing gas is hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, and the input gas flow is per hour 1 to 10 cubic metre; When furnace gas contains oxygen, then oxygen content and the ratio of refuse complete reaction requisite oxygen amount are less than 0.3, and the cracking treatment temperature is 1200K--3500K;
(2) will be fit to the solid waste that the secondary pyrolysis furnace handles simultaneously and directly send into the secondary pyrolysis furnace, or after it is carried out pre-treatment, intermittently or add continuously in the secondary pyrolysis furnace by conveying system; The working gas of secondary pyrolysis furnace is an oxidizing gas, and described oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; The secondary pyrolysis furnace is make-up gas also, and described make-up gas is air and water vapour;
(3) from the imflammable gas of one-level pyrolysis furnace and the discharge of secondary pyrolysis furnace, behind conventional tail cold cooling out of breath, purification, sour gas processing, particulate separation treatment process, deliver to the generating of burner combustion or internal combustion engine generator;
(4) step (3) separated particulate material is reclaimed respectively.
4. by claim 1 or the 3 described cleavage methods of handling multiple debirs simultaneously, it is characterized in that: the reinforced intermittent time of described intermittent mode is 15 second-5 minute.
5. the described isolated plant of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously of claim 1 comprises an one-level pyrolysis furnace and a secondary pyrolysis furnace; It is characterized in that, two burner hearths of described one-level pyrolysis furnace and secondary pyrolysis furnace public hearth wall that connects together, series connection is made of one stove before and after one-level pyrolysis furnace and the secondary pyrolysis furnace; But the exhaust outlet that a switch is arranged on the described one-level pyrolysis furnace, exhaust outlet connect the inlet of the purifier of one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust, and the outlet of purifier connects the air inlet of secondary pyrolysis furnace; Opening a passage on the public furnace wall face, is one-level pyrolysis furnace exhaust outlet, is an inlet channel of secondary pyrolysis furnace simultaneously; Be provided with the baffle plate switch in the passage, when adopting the passage exhaust, exhaust close; When the exhaust of use exhaust outlet, then the baffle plate switch in the closing passage; Described one-level pyrolysis furnace working gas adopts hydrogen, argon gas, nitrogen or methane gas, adopts to exchange or dc source, and the working gas of described secondary pyrolysis furnace plasma torch is an oxidizing gas, and described oxidizing gas is oxygen or air; Go back make-up gas in the secondary pyrolysis furnace, described make-up gas is air and water vapour, adopts dc source.
6. the described isolated plant of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously of claim 3 comprises an one-level pyrolysis furnace and a secondary pyrolysis furnace; It is characterized in that the exhaust outlet of described one-level pyrolysis furnace links to each other by the exhaust outlet of pipeline with described secondary pyrolysis furnace, form the parallel layout of two-stage pyrolysis furnace.
7. by the described isolated plant of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously of claim 5, it is characterized in that, described one-level pyrolysis furnace comprises a body of heater, this furnace body inside is provided with refractory material, heat-barrier material lining and cooling jacket, and body of heater is provided with feeding mouth, gas discharge outlet and waste material outlet; The body of heater top is provided with the working gas import; Bottom of furnace body is provided with crucible; At least two electrode oblique cuttings that are connected with power supply are at the body of heater top; Comprise that also one is used for described at least two electrode is carried out the starting the arc positioner that the starting the arc was located and assisted to electrode.
8. by the described isolated plant of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously of claim 7, it is characterized in that, described starting the arc positioner comprises backstay and is used for the stepper motor of drive electrode, described backstay is inserted in the perforate on the body of heater, and can move radially along this perforate, described backstay contacts with electrode when assisting the starting the arc in electrode location, and after the starting the arc away from electrode; Also can be provided with sensor on the described backstay.
9. by claim 5 or the 6 described isolated plants of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously, it is characterized in that, described secondary pyrolysis furnace comprises a burner hearth, its inboard is provided with refractory material furnace lining, insulating and cooling jacket, this hearth wall is provided with charging aperture and at least one plasma torch, a plurality of plasma torch interlaced arrangement; The hearth wall bottom is provided with slag notch, and the hearth wall top is provided with exhaust outlet, also is provided with an air inlet on furnace bottom or the furnace wall at least, and air inlet is communicated with source of the gas by the pipeline that has control valve.
10. by claim 7 or the 8 described isolated plants of handling the cleavage method of multiple debirs simultaneously, it is characterized in that described electrode is the thermode that graphite or high-temperature metal are made.
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| TWI472380B (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-02-11 | Univ Nat Ilan | Waste disposal method |
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| CN1621743A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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