CN109226186B - Plasma waste treatment method and system - Google Patents

Plasma waste treatment method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109226186B
CN109226186B CN201811067871.XA CN201811067871A CN109226186B CN 109226186 B CN109226186 B CN 109226186B CN 201811067871 A CN201811067871 A CN 201811067871A CN 109226186 B CN109226186 B CN 109226186B
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waste
gas
plasma
grinding plate
treatment
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CN109226186A (en
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潘文高
韩虹
李晓萱
王世星
周鑫
杜森
沈涛
陈容
李运红
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Shanghai Liyuan Environmental Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Liyuan Environmental Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40Acidic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma waste treatment method and a system, which comprises the steps of carrying out a pretreatment process on waste to be treated in a waste storage device, and after the size of the crushed waste is smaller than a preset size, the plasma high-speed airflow passing through the plasma torch enters a plasma torch plasma incineration tower to be incinerated and cracked, the working gas after cracking treatment is reductive gas or other gas, the gas discharged after incineration and cracking from the plasma incineration tower enters a tail gas treatment system, the separated particles and gas are respectively recovered after the processes of extremely-cold temperature reduction, purification, acid gas treatment and particle separation treatment of the gas, and the waste is gasified, and finally, the generated gas is treated, so that the zero emission function is realized, and the method has the advantages of thorough harmless treatment, high treatment efficiency and wide treatment range.

Description

Plasma waste treatment method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste treatment, in particular to a plasma waste treatment method and a plasma waste treatment system.
Background
Ships generate various wastes during sailing, including food waste, metal and glass, plastics, paper and textiles, oil sludge, medical waste, and the like. Ships inevitably introduce some pollutants into the marine environment directly or indirectly during the driving process, and form marine pollution. The traditional waste disposal is carried out by incineration, the incineration technology is a high-temperature heat treatment technology, namely, a certain amount of excess air and the treated organic waste are subjected to oxidation combustion reaction in a plasma incineration tower, and harmful and toxic substances in the waste are oxidized and pyrolyzed at high temperature to be destroyed, so that the waste is treated by harmless treatment, reduction and recycling. However, incineration residues including fly ash, residues, nitrogen oxides and acidic gases generated from incineration of waste are generated in the incineration process, the fly ash contains dioxin particles as a toxic substance, and the residues contain heavy metals and other substances, and if the incineration products are directly discharged into the air, air pollution is caused.
Along with the gradual improvement of the protection consciousness of marine environment, the novel miniaturization, the waste treatment device for preventing air pollution is also one of the development directions of future ships. The discharge of the ship waste disposal device meets the discharge requirement of IMO73/78 convention V, and the disposal device has good operation performance, can treat various types of ship waste simultaneously, occupies small space, has light structure weight, can improve the effective space of ships and increase the weight margin of ships, has no visible smoke and thermal signals, is fireproof and corrosion resistant, so the improvement is made, and the plasma waste disposal method and the plasma waste disposal system are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plasma waste treatment method and a plasma waste treatment system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a plasma waste treatment method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing a pretreatment process on the waste to be treated in a waste storage device, and intermittently or continuously adding the waste treated by the pretreatment process into the crushing device through a conveying mechanism;
s2, crushing in a crushing device to enable the size of the crushed waste to be smaller than a preset size, and enabling the crushed waste to enter a plasma torch plasma incineration tower through a plasma high-speed airflow of a plasma torch to be incinerated and cracked, wherein the working temperature of the plasma incineration tower is 1000-1500 ℃, and the working gas of cracking is reducing gas;
s3, introducing the gas discharged after incineration and cracking in the plasma incineration tower into a tail gas treatment system, and performing extremely cold temperature reduction, purification, acid gas treatment and particulate matter separation treatment on the gas;
and S4, respectively recovering the separated particles and the gas.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crushing device includes a crusher and an autogenous mill, and step S2 specifically includes:
shearing in the crusher, reducing the size of the waste to a first preset size, and conveying the waste to the autogenous mill;
grinding the waste in the autogenous mill to a size reduced to a second predetermined size, wherein the second predetermined size is less than 1 mm.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment process includes preheating and dehumidifying the solid waste to be treated.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasma torch is a dc non-transferred arc plasma torch.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the plasma torch further comprises an air compressor, and the high-speed gas flow passing through the plasma torch in step S2 is from the air compressor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reducing agent is added to the plasma incineration tower in step S2 to reduce nitrogen oxides generated during the combustion of the waste.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the exhaust gas treatment system includes a cooling device, and the exhaust gas of step S3 is cooled extremely cold in the cooling device.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises adding an alkaline substance for neutralizing the acidic substance in the tail gas when the gas enters the cooling device in step S3.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises a dust remover, tail gas obtained by neutralizing the alkaline substance in the step S3 enters the dust remover, and cooling water of the dust remover is NaOH solution.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the plasma waste treatment system comprises a feeding groove, a guide groove and a discharging groove which are arranged in sequence, and further comprises:
the first grinding mechanism is arranged between the feeding groove and the guide groove;
a first drive mechanism disposed atop the first grinding mechanism;
the second grinding mechanism is arranged between the guide chute and the discharge chute;
a second drive mechanism disposed on top of the second grinding mechanism.
As a preferable technical scheme, the feeding groove, the guide groove and the discharging groove are all obliquely arranged, and the feeding groove, the guide groove and the discharging groove are sequentially arranged from high to low.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the first grinding mechanism comprises a rubber plate, a first upper grinding plate, a first lower grinding plate, a groove, a baffle and first through holes, wherein the bottom end of the rubber plate is movably connected with the top of the first upper grinding plate, the first upper grinding plate is arranged right above the first lower grinding plate, the groove is arranged in the middle of the top end of the first lower grinding plate, the baffle is arranged at the open top end of the groove, one side of the baffle is communicated with the feeding groove, and a plurality of first through holes are uniformly arranged on the surface of the groove.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the first transmission mechanism comprises a fixed rod, a rotating sleeve, a first connecting block, a movable shaft, a second connecting block, a cylinder and a supporting block, the fixed rod is fixedly connected with an external shell, the middle part of the fixed rod is movably sleeved with the rotating sleeve, the bottom end of the rotating sleeve is fixedly connected with the top end of the rubber plate, the rotating sleeve is provided with the first connecting block, the bottom of one end of the first connecting block is rotatably provided with the movable block, the middle part of the movable block is movably inserted with the movable shaft, one end of the movable shaft is fixedly connected with one end of the second connecting block, the other end of the second connecting block is fixedly connected with one end of the cylinder, the second connecting block is perpendicular to the cylinder, the middle part of the cylinder is provided with the supporting block, the other end of the cylinder is provided with the driving module, and the cylinder and the driving module are both connected with, the top end of the guide chute is positioned right below the first lower grinding plate.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the second grinding mechanism comprises a second upper grinding plate, a second lower grinding plate and a second through hole, the second upper grinding plate and the second lower grinding plate are arranged in an aligned manner, a plurality of second through holes are uniformly formed in the top end of the second lower grinding plate, the bottom end of the material guiding groove is connected with the top end of the second lower grinding plate, and the material discharging groove is located under the second lower grinding plate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the second transmission mechanism comprises reinforcing plates, four upright columns, four cross rods, transmission blocks and limiting sleeves, the reinforcing plates are arranged at the top ends of the upright columns, the bottom ends of the four upright columns are fixedly connected with the top end of the second upper grinding plate, one cross rod is arranged between the four upright columns, the transmission blocks are arranged at the two ends of each cross rod, the driving modules are arranged at the outer sides of the two transmission blocks, the limiting sleeves are sleeved outside transmission rods between the transmission blocks and the driving modules, and the limiting sleeves are fixedly connected with an external shell through connecting rods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a plasma waste treatment method and a plasma waste treatment system, which adopt a plasma technology, have high energy density, can operate at the working temperature of 1000-1500 ℃, decompose organic matters in waste into elementary substance structures such as nitrogen and hydrogen, reduce nitrogen oxide gas generated by waste combustion by a reducing agent and then convert the nitrogen oxide gas into nitrogen, neutralize acid substances generated by combustion by alkaline substances to remove acid gas in tail gas, have wide treatment range, short treatment time and obvious volume reduction, can realize one-step completion of cooling and neutralization processes, optimize the processes and reduce the volume of a waste treatment system. The tail gas after cooling and neutralization is dedusted in a deduster, and the dedusting efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent, so that the waste treatment method adopted by the invention has the advantages of small occupied area, light weight, wide treatment range, thorough harmless treatment and the like, and can realize real zero emission.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a plasma waste processing system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a plasma waste treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the autogenous mill of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the autogenous mill of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the first transmission mechanism of the autogenous mill of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of the first grinding mechanism of the autogenous mill of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second drive mechanism in the autogenous mill of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second grinding mechanism in the autogenous mill of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a cross bar in the autogenous mill of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a feeding groove; 2. a material guide chute; 3. a discharge chute; 4. a first grinding mechanism; 401. a rubber plate; 402. a first upper grinding plate; 403. a first lower grinding plate; 404. a groove; 405. a baffle plate; 406. a first through hole; 5. a first transmission mechanism; 501. fixing the rod; 502. rotating the sleeve; 503. a first connection block; 504. a movable block; 505. a movable shaft; 506. a second connecting block; 507. a cylinder; 508. a support block; 6. a second grinding mechanism; 601. a second upper grinding plate; 602. a second lower grinding plate; 603. a second through hole; 7. a second transmission mechanism; 701. a reinforcing plate; 702. a column; 703. a cross bar; 704. a transmission block; 705. a limiting sleeve; 8. and a driving module.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, a plasma waste treatment method of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1, performing a pretreatment process on the waste to be treated in a waste storage device, and intermittently or continuously adding the waste treated by the pretreatment process into the crushing device through a conveying mechanism;
s2, crushing in a crushing device to enable the size of the crushed waste to be smaller than a preset size, and enabling the crushed waste to enter a plasma torch plasma incineration tower through a plasma high-speed airflow of a plasma torch to be incinerated and cracked, wherein the working temperature of the plasma incineration tower is 1000-1500 ℃, and the working gas of the cracking treatment is reducing gas or other gases;
s3, introducing the gas discharged after incineration and cracking in the plasma incineration tower into a tail gas treatment system, and performing extremely cold temperature reduction, purification, acid gas treatment and particulate matter separation treatment on the gas;
and S4, respectively recovering the separated particles and the gas.
Wherein, the crushing device comprises a crusher and an autogenous mill, and the step S2 specifically comprises:
shearing in the crusher, reducing the size of the waste to a first preset size, and conveying the waste to the autogenous mill;
grinding the waste in the autogenous mill to a size reduced to a second predetermined size, wherein the second predetermined size is less than 1 mm.
Wherein, the pretreatment process comprises preheating and dehumidifying the solid waste to be treated.
Wherein the plasma torch is a direct current non-transferred arc plasma torch.
An air compressor is also included, and the high-speed gas flow through the plasma torch from the air compressor in step S2.
Wherein, a reducing agent is added into the plasma incineration tower in the step S2 for reducing nitrogen oxides generated in the combustion of the waste.
And the tail gas treatment system comprises a cooling device, and the tail gas of the step S3 is subjected to extremely cold temperature reduction in the cooling device.
Wherein, when the gas enters the cooling device in the step S3, alkaline substances for neutralizing the acid substances in the tail gas are added.
And the tail gas neutralized by the alkaline substance in the step S3 enters the dust remover, and the cooling water of the dust remover is NaOH solution.
Wherein, a plasma waste processing system, including pan feeding groove 1, baffle box 2 and the blown down tank 3 that sets gradually, still includes:
the first grinding mechanism 4 is arranged between the feeding groove 1 and the guide groove 2, and materials can be subjected to primary grinding through the first grinding mechanism 4;
a first transmission mechanism 5 arranged on the top of the first grinding mechanism 4, wherein the first grinding mechanism 4 can be driven to operate by the first transmission mechanism 5;
a second grinding mechanism 6 disposed between the material guide chute 2 and the material discharge chute 3, through which the material can be ground again by the second grinding mechanism 6;
and a second transmission mechanism 7 arranged on the top of the second grinding mechanism 6, wherein the second grinding mechanism 6 can be driven to operate through the second transmission mechanism 7.
Wherein, pan feeding groove 1, baffle box 2 and blown down tank 3 all are the slope setting, and the three highly from high to low be pan feeding groove 1, baffle box 2 and blown down tank 3 in proper order, can be so that the material handles in proper order through pan feeding groove 1, baffle box 2 and blown down tank 3 that set gradually.
Wherein, first grinding mechanism 4 is by rubber slab 401, first last grinding plate 402, first lower grinding plate 403, recess 404, baffle 405 and first through-hole 406 are constituteed, the bottom of rubber slab 401 and the top swing joint of first last grinding plate 402, first last grinding plate 402 is arranged in directly over first lower grinding plate 403, the middle part on first lower grinding plate 403 top is provided with recess 404, the open top of recess 404 is provided with baffle 405, one side and the pan feeding groove 1 of baffle 405 are linked together, the surface of recess 404 evenly is provided with the first through-hole 406 of a plurality of, can carry out preliminary grinding to the material through first last grinding plate 402 and the first lower grinding plate 403 interact in first grinding mechanism 4, can avoid great material to leak outward through baffle 405.
Wherein, the first transmission mechanism 5 is composed of a fixed rod 501, a rotating sleeve 502, a first connecting block 503, a movable block 504, a movable shaft 505, a second connecting block 506, a cylinder 507 and a supporting block 508, the fixed rod 501 is fixedly connected with an external shell, the middle part of the fixed rod 501 is movably sleeved with the rotating sleeve 502, the bottom end of the rotating sleeve 502 is fixedly connected with the top end of the rubber plate 401, the rotating sleeve 502 is provided with the first connecting block 503, the bottom of one end of the first connecting block 503 is rotatably provided with the movable block 504, the middle part of the movable block 504 is movably inserted with the movable shaft 505, one end of the movable shaft 505 is fixedly connected with one end of the second connecting block 506, the other end of the second connecting block 506 is fixedly connected with one end of the cylinder 507, the second connecting block 506 is perpendicular to the cylinder 507, the middle part of the cylinder 507 is provided with the supporting block 508, the other end of the cylinder 507 is provided with a driving module 8, the, the top of baffle box 2 is located first wear plate 403 under, cylinder 507 through among the first drive mechanism 5 can drive the operation of second connecting block 506, second connecting block 506 can drive loose axle 505 operation, loose axle 505 can drive the operation of movable block 504, movable block 504 can drive the operation of first connecting block 503, first connecting block 503 can drive and rotate cover 502 operation, it can drive rubber slab 401 operation to rotate cover 502, the operation of rubber slab 401 is for reciprocating and make a round trip the pivoted complex, thereby make rubber slab 401 can drive first upper grinding plate 402 and first wear plate 403 interact.
Wherein, second grinding mechanism 6 comprises second upper grinding plate 601, second lower grinding plate 602 and second through-hole 603, second upper grinding plate 601 is just right to setting up with second lower grinding plate 602, the top of second lower grinding plate 602 evenly is provided with a plurality of second through-hole 603, the bottom of baffle box 2 is connected with the top of second lower grinding plate 602, blown down tank 3 is located second lower grinding plate 602 under, through the second through-hole 603 in second grinding mechanism 6, when the granularity of material by the grinding is less than the size of second through-hole 603, the material passes second through-hole 603, and fall on blown down tank 3.
Wherein, the second transmission mechanism 7 is composed of reinforcing plates 701, upright columns 702, cross rods 703, transmission blocks 704 and limiting sleeves 705, the reinforcing plates 701 are arranged at the top ends of the upright columns 702, four upright columns 702 are provided, the bottom ends of the four upright columns 702 are fixedly connected with the top end of the second upper grinding plate 601, one cross rod 703 is arranged between the four upright columns 702, the transmission blocks 704 are arranged at the two ends of the cross rod 703, the driving modules 8 are arranged at the outer sides of the two transmission blocks 704, the limiting sleeves 705 are sleeved outside the transmission rods between the transmission blocks 704 and the driving modules 8, the limiting sleeves 705 are fixedly connected with the external shell through the connecting rods, the driving block 704 can drive the cross bar 703 to rotate, the cross bar 703 can drive the upright post 702 to rotate, the upright post 702 can drive the second upper grinding plate 601 to rotate back and forth, therefore, the material is ground, the ground particles are small, the grinding process is stable, and the grinding effect is good.
When the plasma waste treatment system works, the plasma technology is adopted, the energy density is high, the working temperature can be operated at 1000-1500 ℃, organic matters in the waste can be decomposed into elementary substance structures such as nitrogen and hydrogen, nitrogen oxide gas generated by waste combustion is reduced by a reducing agent and then converted into nitrogen, acidic substances generated by combustion are neutralized by alkaline substances, the acidic gas in tail gas is removed, the cooling and neutralization processes can be completed in one step, the process is optimized, and the volume of the waste treatment system is reduced. The tail gas after cooling and neutralization is dedusted in a deduster, and the dedusting efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent, so that the waste treatment method adopted by the invention has the advantages of small occupied area, light weight, wide treatment range, short treatment time, obvious volume reduction, thorough harmless treatment and the like, and can realize real zero emission.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a plasma waste treatment system of the present invention is shown, which includes a waste storage, a crushing device, a plasma torch plasma incineration tower and a tail gas treatment system, wherein the waste storage is used for performing a pretreatment process on waste to be treated in the waste storage, and the waste is intermittently or continuously fed into the crushing device through a conveying mechanism; the crushing device is used for crushing the waste, so that the size of the crushed waste is smaller than the preset size and passes through the plasma burning tower of the plasma torch; absorbing waste from a crushing device by using a high-speed airflow of a plasma beam of a plasma torch plasma incineration tower, mixing and gasifying the waste and then feeding the waste into the plasma incineration tower for combustion and cracking, wherein the working temperature of the plasma incineration tower is 1000-1500 ℃, and the working gas subjected to cracking treatment is reducing gas or other gases; the tail gas treatment system separates and recovers tail gas exhausted from the plasma incineration tower after incineration and cracking through processes of ultra-cold temperature reduction, purification, acid gas treatment and particle separation treatment.
The plasma waste treatment system has the waste treatment capacity of 1 t/d-5 t/d, the designed storage capacity of a waste storage is 100L, the container is made of stainless steel, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, pressure resistance, sealing and no reaction with waste, is used for storing the waste and providing buffer time of 2-12 hours for subsequent treatment, and performs preheating and pre-dehumidification treatment on the waste, wherein the pre-heating treatment comprises but is not limited to preheating the waste by using an electric heater, ensuring that the low calorific value of the waste is not lower than 6000kJ/kg, reducing the water content of the waste to be lower than 15 percent so as to achieve the purposes of reducing volume, reducing weight and improving the calorific value, the pretreated waste in the waste storage is intermittently or continuously added into a crushing device through a conveying mechanism, and leachate is discharged into a filtrate treatment device for treatment.
The crushing device comprises a crusher and an autogenous mill, waste is subjected to shearing treatment in the crusher, at least one fixed knife and a plurality of rotary knives are arranged in the crusher, after solid waste enters the crusher, the waste is sheared and crushed under the action of the fixed knife and the rotary knives rotating at a high speed until the size of the waste is reduced to be below 20mm, and then the waste is continuously conveyed to the autogenous mill, and the autogenous mill is responsible for crushing small-size waste, increasing the specific surface area of the waste and accelerating the reaction speed of the waste. The milled and crushed small-particle solid materials enter a plasma torch plasma incineration tower, are carried by high-speed plasma airflow of a plasma torch, are mixed and gasified, and then enter the plasma incineration tower to be incinerated and cracked. Wherein the high velocity gas flow through the plasma torch is from an air compressor. The plasma torch adopts a 20 kW-50 kW direct-current non-transferred arc plasma torch, the thermal efficiency of the plasma torch is more than 70%, and the service life of an electrode is more than 400 hr. Wherein the working temperature of the plasma incineration tower is 1000-1500 ℃, the gas residence time is more than 2s, and the plasma incineration tower is internally provided with a fireproof material, and the fireproof material comprises but is not limited to a high-alumina brick with the refractoriness of not less than 1750 ℃. Wherein the negative pressure in the plasma incineration tower is about-50 Pa, the surface of the plasma incineration tower body is coated with a heat-insulating material, the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, and the furnace body is made of stainless steel.
And a reagent for carrying out cracking treatment on the SNCR denitration nozzle arranged at the outlet of the plasma incineration tower is a reducing reagent, and is used for spraying the reducing reagent into the plasma incineration tower and reducing nitrogen oxides generated by waste combustion in the plasma incineration tower. The reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, urea, from a urea supply, from a de-NOX nozzle, for converting NOX in the incineration gases into nitrogen.
And the gas burned and cracked in the plasma burning tower enters a tail gas treatment system, wherein the tail gas treatment system comprises a cooling device, the gas burned and cracked in the plasma burning tower enters the cooling device to be cooled, and the cooling device is directly connected with the plasma burning tower, so that the temperature of the tail gas is reduced to below 100 ℃ from about 1000-1500 ℃ in 1 s. The cooling device adopts a forward flow type spray tower, high-temperature tail gas enters from the top of the tower and is uniformly distributed in the tower through the gas distribution device. Meanwhile, in order to remove the acid gas in the flue gas, the tail gas in the cooling device is added with an alkaline substance for neutralizing the acid substance, wherein the alkaline substance is from the alkali liquor supply device, and specifically, the tail gas in the cooling device and the alkaline substance from the alkali liquor supply device, such as NaOH solution, are subjected to chemical neutralization to remove the acid gas in the tail gas. In order to make the system smaller in volume and higher in efficiency, the cooling and chemical neutralization processes can be completed in one step, for example, tail gas in a plasma incineration tower enters a cooling device to exchange heat with atomized water drops of NaOH from an alkali liquor supply device and chemically neutralize, the flue gas can be rapidly cooled to be within 100 ℃ within 1s, and acid gas in the flue gas is removed. Specifically, spraying atomized NaOH water drops on the top of the spray tower, directly contacting with the tail gas to cool the gas and perform chemical neutralization, and neutralizing the acid gas in the tail gas into salts mainly by SOX, NOX, HCl, HF and the like. Wherein, the forward flow type spray tower adopted by the cooling device comprises a quench tower body, a two-fluid spray gun and a spray pump valve, the air flow rate in the quench tower is about 2 m/s-3.5 m/s, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the equipment is about 600kJ/(m3 h.C.).
The tail gas treatment system also comprises a dust remover, the flue gas cooled by the cooling device enters the dust remover to further remove harmful substances such as particulate matters, heavy metals, dioxin and the like in the flue gas, the smoke content of the outlet gas is controlled to be lower than 30mg/Nm3, and the dust remover consists of a contraction pipe, a throat pipe, a diffusion pipe, a dehydrator and a waste water treatment system thereof, wherein the ratio of the diameter of an inlet pipe to the diameter of the throat pipe is 2: 1, the contraction angle of the contraction pipe is 25 degrees, the diffusion angle of the diffusion pipe is 6 degrees, the water-gas ratio of the dust remover is 0.5L/m 3-1.0L/m 3, the flow rate of the throat pipe is 50 m/s-100 m/s, the working temperature is 80-100 ℃, the dust removal efficiency of the system is more than or equal to 90 percent, cooling water of the dust remover is NaOH alkali liquor, inorganic components in waste after the tail gas is treated by the dust remover are melted into slag, the slag enters the cooling and collecting device, and the waste water after the acid.
A first grinding mechanism 4 is arranged between the feeding groove 1 and the material guide groove 2, the first grinding mechanism 4 is composed of a rubber plate 401, a first upper grinding plate 402, a first lower grinding plate 403, a groove 404, a baffle 405 and a first through hole 406, the bottom of the rubber plate 401 is movably connected with the first upper grinding plate 402, the first upper grinding plate 402 is positioned right above the first lower grinding plate 403, the top of the first lower grinding plate 403 is provided with the groove 404, the cross section of the groove 404 is of an arc structure, the open side of the groove 404 is provided with the baffle 405, one side of the baffle 405 is communicated with the feeding groove 1, the bottom of the groove 404 is uniformly provided with a plurality of first through holes 406, the first upper grinding plate 402 can be driven by the rubber plate 401 to be attached to the first lower grinding plate 403 for grinding operation, the materials falling from the feeding groove 1 to the surface of the first lower grinding plate 403 can be simultaneously moved in the vertical direction and rotated in the vertical direction, when the material is smaller than the size of the first through hole 406, the material falls on the guide chute 2.
The top of the first grinding mechanism 4 is provided with a first transmission mechanism 5, the first transmission mechanism 5 is composed of a fixed rod 501, a rotating sleeve 502, a first connecting block 503, a movable block 504, a movable shaft 505, a second connecting block 506, a cylinder 507 and a supporting block 508, the outer side of the cylinder 507 is provided with a driving module 8, the driving module 8 is a speed reducing motor of XD-3420-2 type, the speed reducing motor is electrically connected with an external power supply through an external control switch, the driving module 8 is fixedly connected with an external shell through the supporting block 508, the bottom of the fixed rod 501 is sleeved with the rotating sleeve 502, the rotating sleeve 502 is provided with the first connecting block 503, the end of the first connecting block 503 is rotatably provided with the movable block 504, the middle part of the movable block 504 is provided with the movable shaft 505 in an inserting manner, the end of the movable shaft 505 is fixedly connected with the second connecting block 506, the end of the second, the outside of cylinder 507 is provided with drive module 8, drive module 8 drive cylinder 507 rotates, cylinder 507 can drive second connecting block 506 and rotate, second connecting block 506 can drive loose axle 505 and rotate round the axis of cylinder 507, loose axle 505 is the activity grafting with movable block 504, loose axle 505 can drive movable block 504 operation, movable block 504 can drive first connecting block 503 operation, first connecting block 503 can drive and rotate cover 502 operation, the operation of rotating cover 502 is for reciprocating and make a round trip to rotate compound motion.
The material discharged from the first through hole 406 of the first grinding mechanism 4 enters the second grinding mechanism 6 through the material guiding chute 2, the second upper grinding plate 601 and the second lower grinding plate 602 of the second grinding mechanism 6 are arranged opposite to each other, the top end of the second lower grinding plate 602 is provided with a second through hole 603, the second upper grinding plate 601 is driven by the second transmission mechanism 7, the second transmission mechanism 7 is composed of a reinforcing plate 701, upright posts 702, a cross rod 703, a transmission block 704 and a limiting sleeve 705, the outside of the transmission block 704 is provided with a driving module 8, the driving module 8 can rotate the transmission block 704 through the limiting sleeve 705, the transmission block 704 is of a bent structure, the transmission block 704 can drive the cross rod 703 to run back and forth when rotating, the cross rod 703 is arranged among the four upright posts 702, the upright posts 702 can be driven to move back and forth during the back and forth running, the upright posts 702 can drive the second upper grinding plate 601 to run back and forth, the second upper grinding plate 601 can interact with the second lower grinding plate 602, so that the material is ground for the second time, and when the material is smaller than the size of the second through hole 603, the material falls into the discharging groove 3 and is discharged.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A plasma waste processing system, characterized in that the system performs the steps of:
s1, performing a pretreatment process on the waste to be treated in a waste storage device, and intermittently or continuously adding the waste treated by the pretreatment process into the crushing device through a conveying mechanism;
s2, crushing in a crushing device to enable the size of the crushed waste to be smaller than a preset size, and enabling the crushed waste to enter a plasma incineration tower through a plasma high-speed airflow of a plasma torch to be incinerated and cracked, wherein the working temperature of the plasma incineration tower is 1000-1500 ℃, and the working gas of cracking is reducing gas;
s3, introducing the gas discharged after incineration and cracking in the plasma incineration tower into a tail gas treatment system, and performing extremely cold temperature reduction, purification, acid gas treatment and particulate matter separation treatment on the gas;
s4, respectively recovering the separated particles and gas;
the crushing device comprises a crusher and an autogenous mill, and the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
shearing in the crusher, reducing the size of the waste to a first preset size, and conveying the waste to the autogenous mill;
grinding the waste in said autogenous mill to a size reduced to a second predetermined size, wherein the second predetermined size is less than 1 mm;
autogenous mill still includes including pan feeding groove (1), baffle box (2) and blown down tank (3) that set gradually:
the first grinding mechanism (4) is arranged between the feeding groove (1) and the guide groove (2);
a first transmission mechanism (5) arranged on the top of the first grinding mechanism (4);
a second grinding mechanism (6) arranged between the guide chute (2) and the discharge chute (3);
a second transmission mechanism (7) arranged on the top of the second grinding mechanism (6);
the feeding groove (1), the guide groove (2) and the discharging groove (3) are all obliquely arranged, and the feeding groove (1), the guide groove (2) and the discharging groove (3) are sequentially arranged from high to low in height;
the first grinding mechanism (4) comprises a rubber plate (401), a first upper grinding plate (402), a first lower grinding plate (403), a groove (404), a baffle (405) and a first through hole (406), the bottom end of the rubber plate (401) is movably connected with the top of the first upper grinding plate (402), the first upper grinding plate (402) is arranged right above the first lower grinding plate (403), the groove (404) is arranged in the middle of the top end of the first lower grinding plate (403), the baffle (405) is arranged at the open top end of the groove (404), one side of the baffle (405) is communicated with the feeding groove (1), and a plurality of first through holes (406) are uniformly formed in the surface of the groove (404);
the first transmission mechanism (5) comprises a fixed rod (501), a rotating sleeve (502), a first connecting block (503), a movable block (504), a movable shaft (505), a second connecting block (506), a cylinder (507) and a supporting block (508), wherein the fixed rod (501) is fixedly connected with an external shell, the middle part of the fixed rod (501) is movably sleeved with the rotating sleeve (502), the bottom end of the rotating sleeve (502) is fixedly connected with the top end of a rubber plate (401), the rotating sleeve (502) is provided with the first connecting block (503), the bottom of one end of the first connecting block (503) is rotatably provided with the movable block (504), the middle part of the movable block (504) is movably inserted with the movable shaft (505), one end of the movable shaft (505) is fixedly connected with one end of the second connecting block (506), the other end of the second connecting block (506) is fixedly connected with one end of the cylinder (507), the second connecting block (506) is perpendicular to the cylinder (507), a supporting block (508) is arranged in the middle of the cylinder (507), a driving module (8) is arranged at the other end of the cylinder (507), the cylinder (507) and the driving module (8) are both connected with an external shell through the supporting block (508), and the top end of the guide chute (2) is positioned under the first lower grinding plate (403);
the second grinding mechanism (6) is composed of a second upper grinding plate (601), a second lower grinding plate (602) and second through holes (603), the second upper grinding plate (601) and the second lower grinding plate (602) are arranged in a right-to-right mode, a plurality of second through holes (603) are uniformly formed in the top end of the second lower grinding plate (602), the bottom end of the guide chute (2) is connected with the top end of the second lower grinding plate (602), and the discharge chute (3) is located right below the second lower grinding plate (602);
the second transmission mechanism (7) is composed of a reinforcing plate (701), stand columns (702), cross rods (703), transmission blocks (704) and limiting sleeves (705), the reinforcing plate (701) is arranged at the top ends of the stand columns (702), the stand columns (702) are four, the bottom ends of the four stand columns (702) are fixedly connected with the top ends of second upper grinding plates (601), one cross rod (703) is arranged between the four stand columns (702), the transmission blocks (704) are arranged at the two ends of each cross rod (703), driving modules (8) are arranged on the outer sides of the two transmission blocks (704), the limiting sleeves (705) are sleeved outside transmission rods between the transmission blocks (704) and the driving modules (8), and the limiting sleeves (705) are fixedly connected with an external shell through the connection rods.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment process comprises pre-heating and dehumidifying the waste to be treated.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plasma torch is a direct current non-transferred arc plasma torch.
4. The system of claim 2, further comprising an air compressor, wherein the high-velocity gas flow through the plasma torch from the air compressor of step S2.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising adding a reducing agent in the plasma incineration tower for reducing nitrogen oxides generated in the combustion of the waste in step S2.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises a cooling device, and the exhaust gas of step S3 is cooled by extreme cooling in the cooling device.
7. The system of claim 6, further comprising adding an alkaline substance for neutralizing the acidic substance in the offgas when the gas enters the cooling device in step S3.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a dust remover, wherein the tail gas neutralized by the alkaline substance in the step S3 enters the dust remover, and the cooling water of the dust remover is NaOH solution.
CN201811067871.XA 2018-09-13 2018-09-13 Plasma waste treatment method and system Active CN109226186B (en)

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CN109704527A (en) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-03 中石化宁波工程有限公司 A kind of heat reclaiming system of the low-temperature plasma of petrochemical sludge
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CN112377914A (en) * 2020-10-09 2021-02-19 江苏朗誉环保设备有限公司 Hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator and incineration method thereof

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CN1233478C (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-12-28 中国科学院力学研究所 Method of treating waste matter using plasma electric arc technology and its device
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IT1391266B1 (en) * 2008-08-09 2011-12-01 Reco 2 S R L PLASMA METHOD FOR TRANSFORMING WASTE AND APPARATUS THAT ACTIVES THIS METHOD
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CN206997329U (en) * 2017-06-22 2018-02-13 北京科立科盈科技有限公司 A kind of recycling treatment system of industrial solid castoff
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