CN110939935B - Open compact plasma gasification combustion furnace that stops fast - Google Patents
Open compact plasma gasification combustion furnace that stops fast Download PDFInfo
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- CN110939935B CN110939935B CN201911215466.2A CN201911215466A CN110939935B CN 110939935 B CN110939935 B CN 110939935B CN 201911215466 A CN201911215466 A CN 201911215466A CN 110939935 B CN110939935 B CN 110939935B
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- furnace body
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- isolation cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
- F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
Abstract
The invention relates to a compact plasma gasification combustion furnace capable of being started and stopped quickly, and aims to solve the problems that the plasma gasification combustion furnace in the prior art is large in occupied area, low in temperature rise rate and long in preheating time. The invention comprises a plasma torch, a furnace body, a water-cooling sleeve, a gas film isolation cylinder and a smoke tube; the ignition end of the plasma torch extends into the head part of the furnace body, and the furnace body is made of stainless steel alloy materials; the outer side of the furnace body is sleeved with a water-cooling sleeve, and the water-cooling sleeve is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet; a pressurized air channel communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body is arranged in the circumferential direction of the middle part of the water-cooling sleeve, and an air outlet of the pressurized air channel faces to a high-temperature jet region of the plasma torch; the gas film isolation cylinder is sleeved between the head of the furnace body and the plasma torch, so that an annular gas film cooling channel is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder and the furnace body, and an annular strip material air channel is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder and the plasma torch; the chimney is arranged at the tail part of the furnace body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to plasma gasification combustion treatment, in particular to a compact plasma gasification combustion furnace capable of being started and stopped quickly.
Background
The high-power arc plasma torch has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy, high energy concentration and the like, and the thermal arc plasma gradually becomes a new and thorough solid waste treatment means along with the improvement of environmental protection requirements and pollutant discharge standards. The existing domestic middle-small sized solid waste plasma gasification combustion treatment system is mostly applied to treating solid waste on land, such as medical waste, fly ash and the like, and has the characteristics of relatively large volume, large treatment capacity, capability of continuous work, water supply and power supply and no need of repeated start and stop. With the increase of international marine protection laws and regulations and the number and tasks of marine ships in China, the number of ship garbage is also increased rapidly, compared with land garbage, the space of ships is smaller, and the sanitary environment control is more difficult, so that the garbage is difficult to store for a long time, a rapid and thorough garbage treatment mode is needed, and due to the multiple limitations of space, energy sources and the number of daily wastes, the requirements on the treatment mode are small occupied area, high treatment speed, strong adaptability to solid wastes and rapid start and stop.
However, the conventional land-used plasma gasification combustion furnace adopts a pouring refractory material, has large floor area, slow heating rate and long preheating time, cannot realize the quick start and stop of a plasma treatment system and the miniaturization of the system, and cannot be directly applied to ship garbage treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large occupied area, low temperature rise rate and long preheating time of a plasma gasification combustion furnace in the prior art, and provides a compact plasma gasification combustion furnace capable of being started and stopped quickly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a compact plasma gasification combustion furnace capable of being started and stopped quickly, which is characterized in that: comprises a plasma torch, a furnace body, a water-cooling sleeve, a gas film isolation cylinder and a chimney;
the ignition end of the plasma torch extends into the head of the furnace body and sprays high-temperature plasma jet to the center of the furnace body;
the furnace body is made of stainless steel alloy materials; a water cooling sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the furnace body, a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water is formed in one side of the water cooling sleeve, which is close to the head of the furnace body, and a cooling water outlet for discharging cooling water is formed in one side of the water cooling sleeve, which is close to the tail of the furnace body;
at least two pressurized air channels communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the middle part of the water-cooling sleeve, and the air outlets of the pressurized air channels face to the high-temperature jet region of the plasma torch;
the gas film isolation cylinder is sleeved between the head of the furnace body and the plasma torch, so that an annular gas film cooling channel is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder and the furnace body, and an annular strip material air channel is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder and the plasma torch;
the chimney is arranged at the tail part of the furnace body.
Furthermore, the air film isolation cylinder is connected with the inner wall of the furnace body through an isolation cylinder bracket.
Further, the distance between the gas film isolation cylinder and the inner wall of the furnace body is smaller than the distance between the gas film isolation cylinder and the plasma torch.
Further, a cooling water outlet is arranged on a cooling device of the plasma torch;
and a cooling water inlet on the water-cooling sleeve is communicated with a cooling water outlet of a cooling device on the plasma torch.
Further, the pressurized air passages are four.
Further, the length of the air film isolation cylinder is one fourth of the length of the furnace body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the furnace body is made of stainless steel alloy material with good heat conductivity, so that the plasma gasification combustion furnace is high in heating rate, short in preheating time and capable of being started and stopped quickly, and meanwhile, the thickness of the furnace body is reduced, so that the volume of the furnace body is reduced by more than half compared with the volume of the existing furnace body, and the furnace body is more compact; because the flame temperature of the plasma jet is extremely high, the furnace body made of stainless steel alloy materials needs to be cooled, therefore, the water cooling sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body, the air film cooling channel is arranged on the inner side of the furnace body, the problems of furnace body cooling and thermal protection of the compact plasma furnace under high heat flow density are effectively solved by double cooling, and the service life of the furnace body is prolonged.
2. In the invention, a pressurized air channel communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body faces to the flame of the plasma torch; when the furnace body works, pressurized air is injected into the pressurized air channel, and the pressurized air can be used as secondary air to supplement an oxidant for gasification combustion reaction; meanwhile, the mixing of air flow and materials is strengthened by the pressurized air injected through the pressurized air channel, the disturbed air flow simultaneously restrains solid particles to enable the solid particles to be in suspension combustion, the solid particles cannot be deposited and accumulated on the inner wall of the furnace, the combustion efficiency and the burnout rate are improved, and the furnace wall is protected from erosion abrasion and coking slagging corrosion of the solid particles.
3. The plasma torch is provided with the cooling device when working, the water cooling sleeve is communicated with the cooling device, and deionized cooling water of the cooling device is introduced into the water cooling sleeve to cool the furnace body, so that a water cooling source does not need to be separately provided for the water cooling sleeve, the coupling degree of the plasma gasification combustion furnace is further improved, and the integral structure is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a left side sectional view of fig. 1.
In the figure, 1-plasma torch, 11-belt material air channel, 2-furnace body, 21-air film cooling channel, 3-water cooling sleeve, 31-pressurized air channel, 4-air film isolation cylinder, 41-isolation cylinder bracket and 5-smoke tube.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, a fast start-up and shut-down compact plasma gasification combustion furnace according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description. It should be noted that: the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, the intention being solely for the convenience and clarity of illustrating embodiments of the invention; second, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a compact plasma gasification combustion furnace capable of being started and stopped quickly, which is shown by combining a figure 1 and a figure 2 and comprises a plasma torch 1, a furnace body 2, a water-cooling sleeve 3, an air film isolation cylinder 4 and a smoke tube 5;
the ignition end of the plasma torch 1 extends into the head part of the furnace body 2 and sprays high-temperature plasma jet to the center of the furnace body 2;
the furnace body 2 is made of stainless steel alloy material; the outer side of the furnace body 2 is sleeved with a water-cooling sleeve 3;
four pressurized air channels 31 communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body 2 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the middle part of the water-cooling sleeve 3, and the air outlets of the pressurized air channels 31 face to the high-temperature jet region of the plasma torch 1; a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water is arranged on one side of the water-cooling sleeve 3 close to the head of the furnace body 2, and a cooling water outlet for discharging cooling water is arranged on one side close to the tail of the furnace body 2; a cooling water outlet is arranged on the cooling device of the plasma torch 1; and a cooling water inlet of the water-cooling sleeve 3 is communicated with a cooling water outlet of the cooling device, so that deionized cooling water for cooling the plasma torch 1 is led to the water-cooling sleeve 3 to continue to cool the furnace body 2, and is finally discharged from the cooling water outlet of the water-cooling sleeve 3.
The gas film isolation cylinder 4 is sleeved between the head of the furnace body 2 and the plasma torch 1, so that an annular gas film cooling channel 21 is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder 4 and the furnace body 2, cold air is introduced into the gas film cooling channel 21, and the cold air forms a gas film through the gas film cooling channel 21 to cool the inner wall of the head of the furnace body; an annular strip material air channel 11 is formed between the air film isolation cylinder 4 and the plasma torch 1; the annular material-carrying air channel 11 is used for introducing material-carrying air (namely solid garbage particles) into the furnace body;
the air film isolation cylinder 4 is connected with the inner wall of the furnace body 2 through an isolation cylinder bracket 41. The four isolation cylinder supports 41 are generally uniformly distributed between the air film isolation cylinder 4 and the furnace body 2 along the circumferential direction, so that the installation of the air film isolation cylinder 4 is met, and meanwhile, external cold air enters the furnace body 2 through the air film cooling channel 21. The distance between the gas film isolation cylinder 4 and the inner wall of the furnace body 2 is less than the distance between the gas film isolation cylinder 4 and the plasma torch 1. The length of the air film isolation cylinder 4 is one fourth of the length of the furnace body 1.
The chimney 5 is arranged at the tail part of the furnace body 2.
The electric arc thermal plasma gasification combustion technology is an effective way for realizing the production and treatment of the ship garbage, but the conventional land plasma gasification combustion furnace adopts a pouring refractory material, has large floor area, slow heating rate and long preheating time, cannot realize the quick start and stop of a plasma treatment system and the miniaturization of the system, and cannot be directly applied to the ship garbage treatment. In order to realize the application of the plasma gasification combustion technology to ship garbage treatment, the invention adopts the stainless steel alloy material to manufacture the furnace body, so that the thickness of the furnace wall is greatly reduced, the volume of the furnace is reduced by more than half, and the compact structural design can be realized.
However, because the flame temperature of the plasma jet ejected by the arc plasma torch with high power (100-. Therefore, a combined thermal protection mode needs to be adopted to ensure that the furnace body keeps good reliability under the working condition of frequent start-stop.
The invention uses the design method of air airflow multi-section distribution (the air film cooling channel 21 and the pressurized air channel 31), a part of air carries the treated and ground solid waste into particles through the annular material-carrying air channel 11 and enters the furnace body 2, thus realizing stable feeding; one part of the gas film cooling channel 21 forms a cooling film along the flow direction of the high-temperature gas flow, the cooling film enters the furnace body 2 and is conveyed to the inner wall of the front section of the furnace body 2, so that the inner wall of the furnace body 2 is isolated from the high-temperature gas flow; and a part of air is injected from the four pressurized air channels 31 uniformly distributed in the middle of the furnace body 2 to serve as secondary air to supplement an oxidant for gasification combustion reaction and strengthen mixing of air flow and materials, disturbed air flow simultaneously restrains solid particles to enable the solid particles to be suspended and combusted, the solid particles cannot be settled and accumulated on the inner wall of the furnace, combustion efficiency and burnout rate are improved, and the furnace wall is protected from erosive wear and coking slagging corrosion of the solid particles.
The plasma torch 1 is provided with a cooling device, the cooling liquid used by the cooling device is deionized cooling water, the deionized cooling water enters from the head of the plasma torch 1, flows through the body of the plasma torch 1 and finally flows out from the side surface of the head of the plasma torch 1, and the temperature of outlet water is usually only about 30 ℃. The water-cooling sleeve 3 is communicated with the cooling device of the plasma torch 1, so that deionized cooling water at the cooling outlet of the plasma torch is continuously introduced into the water-cooling sleeve 3 to be used as cooling water of the furnace body 2, and a cooling water source does not need to be separately arranged for the water-cooling sleeve 3, so that the coupling degree of the plasma torch is further improved, and the integral structure is simplified.
The gas film cooling of the inner wall surface of the furnace body and the water cooling of the outer wall surface are combined to realize the thermal protection of the head part and the front half section of the high heat flow density area of the furnace body, the heat flow density of the rear half section of the furnace body is reduced, and the water cooling of the outer wall surface is adopted.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a compact plasma gasification fires burning furnace that opens fast and stop which characterized in that: comprises a plasma torch (1), a furnace body (2), a water-cooling sleeve (3), an air film isolation cylinder (4) and a smoke tube (5); a cooling device is arranged on the plasma torch (1);
the ignition end of the plasma torch (1) extends into the head of the furnace body (2) and sprays high-temperature plasma jet to the center of the furnace body (2);
the furnace body (2) is made of stainless steel alloy materials; a water cooling sleeve (3) is sleeved on the outer side of the furnace body (2), a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water is formed in one side, close to the head of the furnace body (2), of the water cooling sleeve (3), and a cooling water outlet for discharging cooling water is formed in one side, close to the tail of the furnace body (2);
at least two pressurized air channels (31) communicated with the inner cavity of the furnace body (2) are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the middle part of the water-cooling sleeve (3), and the air outlets of the pressurized air channels (31) face to a high-temperature jet flow area of the plasma torch (1);
the gas film isolation cylinder (4) is sleeved between the head of the furnace body (2) and the plasma torch (1), so that an annular gas film cooling channel (21) is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder (4) and the furnace body (2), and an annular strip material air channel (11) is formed between the gas film isolation cylinder (4) and the plasma torch (1);
the chimney (5) is arranged at the tail part of the furnace body (2).
2. A rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the gas film isolation cylinder (4) is connected with the inner wall of the furnace body (2) through an isolation cylinder bracket (41).
3. A rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the distance between the gas film isolation cylinder (4) and the inner wall of the furnace body (2) is smaller than the distance between the gas film isolation cylinder (4) and the plasma torch (1).
4. A rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace as claimed in claim 3 wherein: a cooling water outlet is arranged on the cooling device of the plasma torch (1);
and a cooling water inlet on the water-cooling sleeve (3) is communicated with a cooling water outlet of a cooling device on the plasma torch (1).
5. A rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the number of the pressurized air passages (31) is four.
6. A rapid start-stop compact plasma gasification furnace as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the length of the air film isolation cylinder (4) is one fourth of the length of the furnace body (1).
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| CN201911215466.2A CN110939935B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Open compact plasma gasification combustion furnace that stops fast |
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| CN110939935B true CN110939935B (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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| CN111780116B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-10-08 | 华中科技大学 | Naval vessel organic waste gasification incineration disposal system based on plasma |
| CN113371679A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Carbon dioxide-methane plasma high-temperature reforming device and high-temperature reforming method |
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