System for municipal sludge deep reduction treatment
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the environmental protection field relates to a system for municipal sludge degree of depth decrement handles.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid improvement of sewage treatment capacity in China, the sludge amount is synchronously increased. The municipal sludge continuously generated from the sources becomes a social problem which pollutes the urban environment, influences the life of citizens and troubles the economic development. By 6 months in 2018, 5000 more sewage treatment plants are built in cities in nationwide cities, the sewage treatment capacity reaches 1.90 billion cubic meters per day, and 5000 more than ten thousand tons of sludge (containing 4000 more than ten thousand tons of industrial sludge) with 80% of water content is produced every year. The ten items of water are stipulated, and the harmless treatment rate of the municipal sludge on the ground level and above is more than 90% before the end of 2020. The random stacking of the sludge is easy to cause pollution and pollution again.
By increasing the investment on sewage treatment in the last ten years, the urban sewage treatment rate is continuously improved, and the effect of improving the water environment treatment is continuously shown, but the treatment and disposal of municipal sludge are not well developed all the time, and the results obtained by the water environment treatment for many years face a serious challenge. Proper disposal of municipal sludge is a need for water environmental remediation efforts to maintain and continue to expand.
At present, the comprehensive evaluation of the mainstream process of sludge treatment at home and abroad is shown in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1 comprehensive evaluation chart of domestic sludge treatment mainstream process
From the above table, it can be seen that: various processes for sludge treatment have advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of the sludge treatment process needs to be carried out according to the specific conditions of various projects in various regions and according to local conditions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a system for municipal sludge degree of depth decrement handles not enough to prior art to the realization is handled municipal sludge's low energy consumption, degree of depth decrement.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme does:
a system for the deep treatment of municipal sludge comprises
The sludge storage unit is used for storing or buffering wet sludge with the water content of 75-85 wt%;
the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying the wet sludge into sludge with the water content of 20-30 wt%;
the carbonization unit is used for carbonizing the sludge with the water content of 20-30 wt%; and
and the combustion unit is used for receiving the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization unit and taking the pyrolysis gas as fuel or one of the fuels to combust to supply heat for the low-temperature drying unit and the carbonization unit.
Further, the system also comprises a condensing unit for condensing the water vapor generated by the low-temperature drying unit.
Further, still include the heat exchanger that uses the partial flue gas that the combustion unit produced as the heat source, the output and the low temperature mummification unit intercommunication of heat exchanger satisfy the low temperature mummification demand of mud, prevent simultaneously that the solid matter in the flue gas from getting into the low temperature mummification unit, increase mud volume.
The system further comprises a crushing unit which is used for receiving the sludge with the water content of 20-30wt% generated by the low-temperature drying unit, and crushing and homogenizing the sludge to obtain sludge granules with more uniform water content, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated.
And the gas outlet of the dust removal unit is communicated with the fuel inlet of the combustion unit.
Further, the dust removal unit is a cyclone dust collector.
Further, the device also comprises a tail gas treatment unit for purifying the tail gas generated by the carbonization unit.
Further, the tail gas treatment unit comprises a spraying device and an active carbon adsorption device which are sequentially communicated.
Further, the device also comprises a cooling unit which is used for receiving the sludge carbon generated by the carbonization unit and cooling the sludge carbon.
The utility model dries the wet sludge with the water content of 75-85wt% to the water content of 20-30wt% by the low-temperature drying unit, and then enters the subsequent carbonization unit for carbonization to finally form sludge carbon. The carbonization unit generates pyrolysis gas which is provided for the combustion unit to serve as fuel or one of fuels, and tail gas is treated to reach the standard and discharged, so that low energy consumption reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and recycling of sludge are realized.
The technical problem that can solve:
(1) is suitable for the reduction treatment of the sludge in the urban sewage treatment plant.
At present, the sludge dewatering of sewage treatment plants generally adopts centrifugal dewatering or belt filter pressing dewatering, and can only dewater to about 80 wt%. The sludge with the water content of about 80 percent is transported outside, so the sludge is easy to spill and has larger odor. After the system of the utility model is used for processing, the water content of the sludge can be reduced to less than or equal to 1 wt%, and the sludge can be reduced to 15-20 wt% of the original sludge. Not only the transportation amount is reduced and the transportation cost is saved, but also the treated sludge is odorless and tasteless and can be directly recycled and comprehensively utilized.
(2) Can solve the problem of difficult site selection in the prior municipal sludge treatment
At present, municipal sludge in various places is traditionally treated by landfill, with the stricter national environmental protection policy, no landfill site is built in batches from the national level, and the capacity of the storage landfill site is limited. The system does not need to consider site selection again, can directly carry out reduction and harmless treatment in the sewage treatment plant, has small occupied area, can realize maximum reduction of the sludge at one time, can directly utilize the treated sludge carbon as resources for preparing biochar-based fertilizer, soil conditioner, brick making and the like, and is particularly suitable for in-plant reduction treatment of the sludge in the urban sewage treatment plant.
(3) Can simultaneously realize the requirements of reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and resource utilization of the sludge
And (3) reduction: the sludge dewatering device is directly in seamless butt joint with a sludge dewatering workshop of a sewage plant, the water content of the sludge is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 wt% at one time, and the sludge reduction is obvious.
Harmlessness: after the sludge is treated by the carbonization unit at the temperature of 500-700 ℃, pathogenic bacteria and harmful substances in the sludge are killed and decomposed, and the sludge is harmless.
And (3) stabilizing: organic matters in the sludge are decomposed into combustible gas in a carbonization unit at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ and are recycled, organic carbon in the sludge is changed into fixed carbon, and the sludge is stabilized.
Resource utilization: the sludge is converted into sludge carbon after being treated by a low-temperature drying-carbonizing unit. The sludge carbon is black granular, odorless and 5mm-10mm in diameter; the carbon granule structure has porosity and specific surface area of about 10-90m2(ii)/g; the carbon particles have high stability, the self-ignition temperature is about 350 ℃ and 400 ℃, and the carbon particles are suitable for storage and transportation. The peat can be comprehensively used for preparing biochar-based fertilizers, adsorbing carbon, soil conditioners, bricks and the like.
(4) Meets the national environmental protection discharge requirement
Waste water: the condensate water produced by the system is clear, COD (chemical oxygen demand) is less than or equal to 100mg/L, no influence is caused on the operation load of a sewage plant, and the condensate water can be directly discharged into a water inlet of the sewage plant without pretreatment.
Waste gas: the waste gas generated by the system passes through a dust removal unit, a spray tower and activated carbon adsorption "
The system is discharged after reaching the standard.
Solid: after the sludge is treated by the system, the carbon moisture content of the generated sludge is less than or equal to 1 wt%, and the sludge is black granular and odorless, changes waste into valuable, and can be recycled for preparing biochar-based fertilizer, preparing adsorption carbon, soil conditioner, brick making and the like.
(5) Saving energy consumption and realizing maximum cyclic utilization of energy
The low-temperature drying unit originally needs to dry the sludge by means of external energy sources (steam, hot water and hot air are generated by power consumption, combustion of diesel oil, natural gas biomass fuel and the like), and the water content of the sludge is reduced.
And if the sludge with the water content of about 80 percent directly enters the carbonization unit, a large amount of energy is consumed to reduce the water content, and simultaneously the sludge is carbonized.
The system combines the procedures of the low-temperature drying unit and the carbonization unit, high-temperature flue gas generated in the treatment process of the carbonization unit generates hot air through the heat exchanger, the hot air can be used for drying sludge by the low-temperature drying unit at the front section, the energy contained in the sludge in the system is utilized to the maximum extent, the low-energy consumption treatment of municipal sludge is realized, and the sludge treatment cost is effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature drying unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a carbonization unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
A system for the deep treatment of municipal sludge comprises
A sludge storage unit 1 for storing or buffering wet sludge having a water content of 75-85 wt%;
the low-temperature drying unit 2-1 is used for drying the wet sludge into sludge with the water content of 20-30 wt%;
a carbonization unit 4-1 for carbonizing the sludge with the water content of 20-30 wt%; and
and the combustion unit 4-3 is used for receiving the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization unit and taking the pyrolysis gas as fuel or one of the fuels to combust to supply heat for the low-temperature drying unit and the carbonization unit.
Optionally, the sludge storage unit 1 comprises a storage bin, and a discharge port of the storage bin is communicated with a feed inlet of the low-temperature drying unit through a screw pump, so that material transmission is realized.
The system also comprises a condensing unit 2-2 used for condensing the water vapor generated by the low-temperature drying unit.
The device also comprises a heat exchanger 4-4 which takes part of the flue gas generated by the combustion unit as a heat source, and the output end of the heat exchanger 4-4 is communicated with the low-temperature drying unit.
The combustion unit is provided with a first fuel inlet for inputting pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization unit, a second fuel inlet for inputting auxiliary fuel, a first flue gas outlet for inputting part of high-temperature flue gas into the carbonization unit, and a second flue gas outlet for inputting part of high-temperature flue gas into the heat exchanger.
The device also comprises a crushing unit 3, wherein the crushing unit is used for receiving the sludge with the water content of 20-30wt% generated by the low-temperature drying unit, and crushing and homogenizing the sludge, so that the sludge after primary drying can be crushed into particles, and the sludge with uniform water content is obtained, and the material entering a subsequent carbonization system is homogenized; a double-shaft material homogenizer is installed in the crushing unit 3, and the discharged material of the low-temperature drying unit enters the double-shaft material homogenizer through the dead weight, so that the feeding amount is stable. The feeding speed of the material can be self-adapted within a certain range by the arrangement of the special structure of the feeding device, the corresponding production yield is achieved, meanwhile, the material can be fully mixed on a large scale, the material can be uniformly diffused or extruded in a double-shaft meshing space, the mixing uniformity is ensured, and the consistency and the stability of the product of the produced material are ensured by combining with a uniform-speed feeding device.
As shown in FIG. 4, the carbonization unit is a jacketed pyrolysis furnace, and comprises a rotary kiln 4-12 and a jacket 4-11 arranged outside the rotary kiln, wherein the rotary kiln can rotate relative to the jacket. One end of the rotary kiln is provided with a material inlet 4-13, the other end of the rotary kiln is provided with a material outlet 4-14, one end of the jacket close to the material outlet is provided with a flue gas inlet 4-15, one end of the jacket close to the material inlet is provided with a flue gas outlet 4-16, and the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the jacket. The rotary kiln is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet.
The crushed and homogenized sludge is conveyed into the rotary kiln through a screw conveyor, and the materials slowly move from the kiln head to the kiln tail along with the rotation of the rotary kiln with an inclination angle. In the moving process, the materials are continuously contacted with the kiln wall, the inner cylinder of the rotary kiln is heated by hot gas outside the rotary kiln wall, the temperature of the materials is increased to 500-700 ℃, and organic matters are completely cracked under the high-temperature oxygen-deficient environment to form carbon slag and pyrolysis gas. Wherein, the pyrolytic carbon residue is comprehensively utilized; and purifying the pyrolysis gas for recycling.
The furnace wall is heated by hot smoke in the jacket, and the materials are continuously contacted with the furnace wall along with the turnover of the pyrolysis furnace to obtain pyrolysis energy. The hot flue gas does not contact with the materials, so that the quality of the pyrolysis gas and the carbon is improved, and the treatment difficulty and the treatment capacity of the pyrolysis gas are greatly reduced. In addition, a scraper decoking device can be arranged in the rotary kiln, and the scraper can continuously scrape the materials adhered to the inner cylinder of the pyrolysis furnace along with the rotation of the rotary kiln, so that the tar is prevented from adhering to the wall. In addition, a steel ball circulating device can be arranged in the rotary kiln, so that the heat transfer effect is improved.
The device also comprises a dust removal unit 5-1 used for carrying out dust removal treatment on the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization unit, wherein the gas outlet of the dust removal unit 5-1 is communicated with the fuel inlet of the combustion unit 4-3. The dust removal unit 5-1 is a cyclone dust collector.
The device also comprises a tail gas treatment unit for purifying the tail gas generated by the carbonization unit.
The tail gas treatment unit comprises a spraying device 5-2 and an active carbon adsorption device 5-3 which are sequentially communicated.
And the cooling unit 4-2 is used for receiving the sludge carbon generated by the carbonization unit and cooling the sludge carbon. Optionally, residual residues left after the pyrolysis of the materials are output through a screw conveyor, a screw shaft and an outer cylinder of the screw conveyor comprise indirect water cooling devices, the residual residues are in contact with the screw shaft and the outer cylinder of the screw conveyor in the conveying process, and the temperature of the carbon residues is reduced through indirect water cooling.
The temperature of the residue is reduced from 500-600 ℃ to less than or equal to 50 ℃.
As shown in fig. 3, the low temperature drying unit 2-1 comprises a housing 2-11, a mesh belt 2-11 is arranged in the housing 2-11, a feed port 2-13 and a discharge port 2-14 are arranged on the housing, the feed port corresponds to the upstream end of the mesh belt, the discharge port corresponds to the downstream end of the mesh belt, and the mesh belt can be driven by a driving mechanism to continuously move towards the direction of the discharge port; the shell is provided with an air inlet 2-15 and an air outlet 2-16, the air inlet is communicated with an output end (an air output end) of the heat exchanger 4-4, the air outlet 2-16 is communicated with the condensing unit 2-2, and an air outlet of the condensing unit is communicated with an input end (an air input end) of the heat exchanger 4-4.
Adopting a low-temperature drying unit: 1) pyrolysis gas and auxiliary fuel can be used as heat sources; 2) no odor is discharged and no deodorization is needed; 3) no heat loss and 100 percent heat utilization; 4) the use cost is as low as 50 kw.h/T; 5) lower temperature, safer and no dust hazard
The method comprises the steps that sludge with the external water content of 75-85wt% enters a low-temperature drying unit, the sludge is cut into a noodle shape through a slitting forming machine of a drying machine, the noodle shape falls onto a mesh belt which slowly runs by means of gravity, hot dry air rises from the bottom of the mesh belt at a high speed, the sludge is dried in the process of contacting with the sludge, wet and cold air enters a condensing unit, the temperature of the wet air is lower than the dew point in a cooling mode, water vapor is condensed and discharged out of a system to a plant sewage pipeline, the rest air enters a heat exchanger, the temperature of the dehydrated air is raised into the hot dry air in a heating mode, the hot dry air is sent into the mesh belt drying system to continuously dry the sludge, and the air is recycled in the whole process, so no tail gas is generated. The system can reduce the water content of the sludge to be below 30 percent, and the dried sludge enters a subsequent mixing bin. Drying wet sludge to sludge with water content of 30% by a low-temperature drying unit; the condensed water separated by the low-temperature drying unit can be discharged to a sewage treatment process tank for treatment.
The treatment process is described in detail:
wet sludge with the water content of 75-85wt% obtained by centrifugal dehydration in a sludge dehydration workshop of an original sewage plant is stored in a sludge storage unit to play roles in buffering and storing.
Wet sludge can be conveyed to a low-temperature drying unit 2-1 through a screw pump, the water content of the sludge is dried at low temperature from 75-85wt% to 20-30wt%, and the air temperature in the low-temperature drying unit is 75-95 ℃ hot air. The low-temperature drying heat source is hot air obtained by raising the air temperature of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion unit through a heat exchanger 4-4.
The water content of the sludge discharged from the low-temperature drying unit is 20-30wt%, and the sludge is conveyed by a screw conveyor to enter a crushing unit 3 to be fully mixed and crushed until the particle size is less than or equal to 2 cm. (crushing unit action: thoroughly mixing the dried sludge and crushing it)
(3) The sludge generated by the crushing unit is conveyed to the carbonization unit 4-1 through a screw conveyer to be pyrolyzed and carbonized. The carbonization temperature is maintained at 500-700 ℃, a part of organic matters in the sludge are decomposed into combustible gas, and a part of organic matters form fixed carbon and are stored in the sludge carbon. The energy of the carbonization unit 4-1 is from auxiliary fuel and combustible gas generated by pyrolysis and carbonization of the carbonization unit 4-1, and the auxiliary fuel and the combustible gas are combusted in the combustion unit 4-3 to provide energy. And the high-temperature sludge carbon generated by the carbonization unit 4-1 is cooled by the cooling unit 4-2 and then is conveyed to a sludge carbon storage bin to wait for comprehensive utilization.
The tail gas generated by the carbonization unit 4-1 is subjected to smoke dust removal through the dust removal unit 5-1, then enters the spraying device 5-2 for cooling and deacidification, and enters the activated carbon adsorption device 5-3 for enhanced adsorption of impurities, so that the tail gas is ensured to be discharged up to the standard.
The drying and carbonizing principle of the sludge in the system is as follows:
firstly, sludge with the water content of 75-85wt% in a sewage plant is dried at low temperature until the water content is 20-30wt%, the volume of the sludge is reduced to 1/4 of the original sludge, and meanwhile, the heat value in the sludge can be retained to the maximum extent by selecting the low-temperature drying of the sludge.
The method comprises the following steps that sludge with the external water content of 75-85wt% enters a low-temperature drying unit, the sludge is cut into a noodle shape through a slitting forming machine of a drying machine, the noodle shape falls onto a mesh belt which slowly runs by means of gravity, hot dry air rises from the bottom of the mesh belt at a high speed and is dried in the process of contacting with the sludge, wet air enters a condensing unit, the temperature of the wet air is lower than the dew point in a cooling mode, water vapor is condensed and discharged out of a system to a plant sewage pipeline, the temperature of the dehydrated air is raised to be hot dry air in a heating mode, the air is sent into the mesh belt drying system to be continuously dried, the air is recycled in the whole process, no tail gas is generated, and the water content of the sludge can be reduced to 20-30% through the low-temperature drying.
Then the sludge enters a carbonization unit for pyrolysis carbonization, wherein the sludge carbonization is a process of forcibly removing water from cells in biochemical sludge in a cracking mode at a certain temperature and strength to greatly improve the carbon content in the sludge and converting organic matters into water vapor, non-condensable gas and carbon under the action of pyrolysis. The sludge carbon generated after the sludge carbonization can be comprehensively used for preparing biochar-based fertilizer, adsorbing carbon, soil conditioner, brick making and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, and all modifications of the equivalent forms of the present invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.