CN102517447A - Processing method for utilizing heavy metal to restore plant residues - Google Patents
Processing method for utilizing heavy metal to restore plant residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN102517447A CN102517447A CN201110446997XA CN201110446997A CN102517447A CN 102517447 A CN102517447 A CN 102517447A CN 201110446997X A CN201110446997X A CN 201110446997XA CN 201110446997 A CN201110446997 A CN 201110446997A CN 102517447 A CN102517447 A CN 102517447A
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- Prior art keywords
- plant
- heavy metal
- ashing
- hyperaccumulative
- treatment process
- Prior art date
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Links
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method for utilizing heavy metal to restore plant residues, which comprises cleaning and draining the plant residues after restoration, enabling granularity of debris to be between 2mm and 8mm after smashing, mixing plant debris and a fixing agent according to a proportion of mass ratio of 2-5:1, ashing for 4-6h under the condition of 400-800 DEG C, spraying gas generated by ashing, and mixing ash generated after ashing into corresponding metal ores to perform further smelting and recycling or use acid spray to purify heavy metal by-products. The processing method is large in processing quantity and remarkable in reduction, plant quality loss accounts for 85-98% of the total mass, and volatilization quantity of the heavy metal is reduced by 80-90%. The processing method is low in cost, reduces secondary pollution to the environment, and has good practical application prospects in the aspect of metal recycling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy metal evaporable treatment process in the ashing of a kind of reduction rehabilitation plant; Particularly relate to the hyperaccumulative plant subsequent disposal method of disposal that is used for the heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation and reduce its heavy metal volatilization and the method for increasing heavy metal element recovery, belong to the comprehensive reutilization and the field of environment protection of secondary resource.
Background technology
Hyperaccumulative plant research has important theoretical meaning and practical value.This type of plant not only can be used for restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, the mine and reclaim rare, REE and the metal in the abandoned mine clitter in the chemical discharge of reclaiming, and can conserve water and soil, beautify the environment.In addition, this type of plant can also be used to seeking blind ore and archaeology.
The method that is used for heavy metal pollution of soil improvement at present is a lot, repairs and phytoremediation like physics reparation, chemistry.Wherein phytoremediation technology is meant the general name of utilizing hazardous contaminant technology in plant extract, absorption, decomposition, conversion or fixing soil, settling, mud or surface water, the underground water.Phytoremediation can comprise plant stability (plant is fixed) (Phytostabilization), that phytovolatilization (Phytovolatilization), rhizosphere filter (rhizofiltration), rhizosphere degraded (rhizodegadation) and plant extraction (plant extract) is (phytoextraction) etc. technological.Plant extraction (extraction) is meant some special plants of plantation, and the hazardous and noxious substances and the process xylem that utilize its root system to absorb in the contaminated soil are migrated to plant shoot, take away a kind of method of pollutant in soil through harvesting overground part material.
People such as Chen Tongbin have set up the reparation base of first As polluted soil in Chenzhou, China Hunan, and have obtained success, have proved the possibility that Herba pteridis vittatae is used for repairing on the spot.Increase gradually along with what phytoremediation was used; Increasing plant cutting is piled up and still is untreated; Material for phytoremediation is less as the follow-up disposal research at present of waste; And mainly contain burning method, ashing method, composting process, compression landfill method, high-temperature decomposition and liquid-phase extraction method etc. for solid waste treatment and disposal method, and much all being confined to test desk research, large-scale application is less.
1, burning method
Burning method is a kind of high-temperature heat treatment technology; In incinerator, carry out the oxidizing fire reaction with certain surplus air and the organic waste that are processed; Hazardous and noxious substances oxidation at high temperature, pyrolysis and be destroyed are a kind of treatment technologies that can realize refuse " three change " simultaneously: destroy refuse by fire, make the material that is burned become harmless and subtract appearance to greatest extent; Reduce new pollutent as far as possible and produce, burn the recyclable utilization of heat energy that produces.Before the results hyperaccumulative plant, it is very necessary applying siccative, generally adds Glyphosate 62 IPA Salt or other weedicides, to reduce the generation of water in plant gross weight and results, the transportation.Can hyperaccumulative plant be burned in plumbous zinc smelter through the rotary calciner technical matters, this device can be handled the hyperaccumulative plant of the different heavy metals of accumulation.After the burning; Organic substance decomposes in the plant materials; Mainly the form with oxide compound discharges heavy metal; They or combine with slag or discharge with the form of gas, need quite advanced flue cleaning technique just can guarantee to be recovered fully with the heavy metal that the flying dust form exists, do not discharge atmosphere pollution.
The flying dust that burns is through sequestrant (polyamine and the CS of flyash curing device and synthetic
2Product under alkaline condition) combines, obtain cured product.This sequestrant is compared with cement, lime and sodium sulphite, has remarkable advantages: significantly reduce the volume of cured product, along with the variation of environment pH, be difficult for producing the diafiltration phenomenon, guaranteed environmental safety and can produce certain economic benefits.The cured product that uses artificial synthetic sequestrant to form, can through the vaporization at high temperature method or in acid, alkali media hydrometallurgy, extract heavy metal.Can extract As and Se in the bottom ash through electromagnetic technique, electrodialysis, pyrorefining, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgical smelting can extract V and the Ni in the flying dust.Above-mentioned measure has also caused certain carrying capacity of environment when reclaiming heavy metal.As far as pyrometallurgical smelting and electrodialysis, need the electric energy of labor; Pyrometallurgical smelting also can discharge a large amount of dangerous tail gas in atmosphere, need add number of chemical medicines such as sequestrant in the bottom ash solidification process, and investigation in this respect also extensively and is not in depth carried out, and its influence to environment waits further evaluation.
Current best burning facility under situation about working well, also can discharge tens of kinds of objectionable impuritiess, only is difficult to all purify through filtration, washing and absorption method.Especially the dioxin pollution thing belongs to generally acknowledged one-level carcinogens, even very trace also can be accumulated in vivo for a long time, it can't stipulate out threshold value so far to the effect of human body.The hazardous and noxious substances of burning in the ashes is more, more hard to manage.In addition, burning method the huge expensive and waste of resource just more is not suitable for the national conditions of China and numerous developing countries.Build a big-and-middle-sized incinerator and want 1,000,000,000 yuans easily; The processing cost of the environmental protection after being constructed and put into operation approximately needs 300 yuan/ton; Whether the working method of one ton of domestic refuse of the sort of dozens of yuan incineration disposal in more domestic cities itself all is suspectable by the environmental protection routine processes really at present.The general city of the incineration treatment method of environmental protection is difficult to bear.Its frequent change filtering adsorbing material that needs in service also spends overspending, tends to the leak that causes operation arbitrarily to simplify.
2, composting process
Composting process is as a kind of treatment process, and its role is living weight and the volume that reduces plant materials, is convenient to transportation and aftertreatment simultaneously.The obvious minimizing of hyperaccumulative plant living weight is remarkable advantages in the pre-treatment of decomposition compost, reduces volume and moisture content and can reduce transportation cost and subsequent treatment cost significantly, greatly reduces the final workload of handling; But becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost approximately needs 2～3 months time, directly delayed to gather in the crops final postpartum from plant and disposed; Simultaneously; Because heavy metal is not removed, just on the form variation has taken place, if mismanagement.Be easy to cause " secondary pollution "
It is the fermentation cabin system that composting process is used more equipment, and it is to make material in the container of partly or entirely sealing, and control ventilation and moisture condition make material biodegrade and conversion.The whole technology of compost comprises several aspects such as ventilation, temperature control, moisture controlled, innoxious control.But the fermentation cabin system also exists deficiency: the 1. investment of great number comprises investment (design, manufacturing etc.), working cost and the maintenance cost of composting arrangement; 2. owing to the short relatively compost cycle, composting production has the potential unstable, and the heap corruption of for some time is not enough to obtain a product stable, no stink, and the latter stage of ripening of compost prolongs relatively.
3, compression landfill method
Compression system is made up of a pressure seal device and leachate collection device; With the composting process similarity be: owing to contain the heavy metal of high density and the mixture that sequestrant forms in the percolate that pressure produces plant residue; So; Percolate should be dealt carefully with, then with the place of plant residue and percolate landfill in the lump to special disposal.
For hyperaccumulative plant, directly process possibly be the most simple and easy to do, is again most realistic a kind of treatment process, but directly process does not receive the attention as above-mentioned those methods, it is advantageous that and can save great amount of time, reduces volume.Fatal shortcoming is exactly that phytomass is bigger, is difficult for transportation, need take the place through special processing, and running cost is high, and processing efficiency is low, simultaneously, stacks in the natural decomposition process, and Hazardous wastes is not eliminated, the still risky property of the finished product.
4, high-temperature decomposition
High-temperature decomposition is as disposing the postpartum that the novel method of handling municipal solid wastes is equally applicable to hyperaccumulative plant.This method is under high temperature and anaerobic conditions, the plant severe thermal to be excited, and makes a kind of treatment process of plant materials moment decomposition.A set of equipment can be handled the 40t refuse every day; Processing costs is 200～300 yuan/t, owing to the entire treatment process is carried out in confined conditions, so can in air, not discharge any toxic and harmful; The plant volume obviously reduces; In pyrolysis process, can obtain useful sub product splitting gas, can be taken as the fuel utilization.Heavy metal contaminants will combine with another kind of product-breeze, and this kind binding substances still belongs to Hazardous wastes, the still risky property of the finished product (breeze).
5, ashing method
Solid waste combustion and change the process of carbonic acid gas, water and ash into.It is a kind of method of handling solid waste.Advantage is: volume significantly reduces, and residual grey volume generally is merely below 5% of refuse volume; Residual ash is handled fairly simple; Heat energy can be used for producing steam, for usefulness such as generatings.Shortcoming is: investment cost is high; Some sulfur-bearing, nitrogen compound produce corresponding oxide compound, the exhaust pollution air.The compound of chloro-hydrocarbons not only can polluted air, and can corrode ashing furnace.
Dry ashing is under certain temperature and atmosphere, to heat, and makes test substance decomposition, ashing.According to the difference of ashing condition, dry ashing has two kinds, and a kind of is to be full of O
2Airtight bottle in, the organic sample of electricity consumption spark initiation, available suitable absorption agent is measured with proper method to absorb its products of combustion then in the bottle, this method is oxygen flask combustion method, it is widely used in the mensuration of elements such as halogen in the organism, sulphur, phosphorus, boron.Another kind is that sample is placed in furnace pot or the crucible, and in air, in the decomposition of certain temperature range (500～550 ℃) internal heating, ashing, residue obtained with measuring after the appropriate solvent dissolving, this mode is the constant temperature ashing method.This method is usually used in measuring the inorganic elements in organism and the biological material, like antimony, chromium, iron, sodium, strontium, zinc etc.
Ashing method can reduce the weight and volume of hyperaccumulative plant significantly, but does not see the report document of practical application.Hedland etc. have studied the feasibility of laboratory stage burner apparatus: contain Pb plant materials and coal (containing a small amount of pitch) and mix little fiery calcination, can reduce 90% of plant materials dry weight, most of Pb and flying dust combine.Heavy metal in this method can be recovered utilization, but the assessment of its cost and profit is not reported.Result of study shows: ashing method is very feasible under the laboratory condition, but more about combustion equipment, combustion unit parameter, walks out breadboard practical application and bottom ash disposal research and be still waiting to carry out, thereby confirm its actual application value.
6, liquid-phase extraction method
Some scholar's research with the heavy metal in the percolation process extraction hyperaccumulative plant.Hedland etc. have estimated the technology of using sequestrant extraction Pb in the hyperaccumulative plant body; Plant materials contains Pb 2000mg/kg before handling; When the amount of substance ratio of pH4.5, Pb and EDTA is l:4.76,, can obtain 98.5% Pb through twice continuous extraction; Can there be environmental exposure in remaining plant residue, can be used as municipal solid wastes simultaneously and handles.If this method can be separated Pb effectively with sequestrant, realize the utilization again of Pb and sequestrant, this technology will have vast market prospect, and can produce certain economic benefits.Outwardly; It is fine that the liquid-phase extraction method uses sequestrant can extract the effect of heavy metal effectively; But present research only is confined to laboratory scope, and the mechanism of action between itself and the heavy metal is not fully aware of, awaits further research and inquirement.
7, plant metallurgical
Scientists proposes to utilize hyperaccumulative plant to administer the new approaches of heavy-metal contaminated soil from the eighties in 20th century; Remove the heavy metal in the soil through the results plant; And then the heavy metal in the plant purified be the useful industrial raw material, to reach the dp of administering and reclaiming.In addition, utilize the high-absorbable of some plants, can carry out " plant metallurgical " heavy metal.Discoveries such as Anderson, are poured a kind of ammonium liquid in the middle of the soil into after the ripening stage in plant-growths such as flax and lupines, and ammonium liquid can make other heavy metals dissolvings such as the Au in the soil and absorb in the plant materials within 10 days.After being burned to ashes, the plant that contains Au and other metals can obtain Au and other metals.
Plant metallurgical (Phytomining) is that nineteen eighty-three Chaney at first proposes; It is meant on low grade ore and mine tailing plants hyperaccumulative plant; Utilize of the excess absorbing enriched effect of these plants to heavy metal; Heavy metal in the soil is transferred to overground part,, reclaim heavy metal wherein thereby process a kind of biological ore with commercial value through burning then with the plant results.The plant metallurgical patented technology of at present existing nickel, cobalt, gold and some other metal.
As a kind of emerging " green " technology, plant metallurgical has following advantage: ore, mine tailing or the mineralising soil of those no economic worths for tradition mining mode (promptly low taste ore deposit) can develop and utilize through the plant metallurgical technology; Burn not sulfur-bearing of biological ore that hyperaccumulative plant processes, so the energy that needs during melting is lower than sulfide ore; Biological ore density is less, and required parking space is also less, and the grade of metal is far above traditional ore in the biological ore; Plant metallurgical is to be that media reclaims heavy metal with the hyperaccumulative plant, but this governing problem of contaminated solution soil not only can also solve the handling problems of hyperaccumulative plant, thereby reaches the dp of administering and reclaiming, and has reduced environmental exposure.
But plant metallurgical is a newer research field, still has certain limitation.As plant is short and small, living weight is little the hyperaccumulative plant that has now found that, it is less to burn the recoverable metal in back; In the process in the biological ore deposit of the hyperaccumulative plant system of burning; Possibly cause the intravital heavy metal volatilization of plant; Research according to state before Xing and Pan Weibin; Be rich in the process of plant iron awns beanstalk (Dicranopteris pedata) of Cd, Pb in burning, the loss of Cd, Pb is fairly obvious, and the amount that can from bottom ash, reclaim is very little.To carry out good smoke and dust treatment, air conservation problem in the burning process; In addition; Some has heavy metal that higher reclamation is worth for example Au, Ag, and their bioavailability is low, is difficult for by the plant absorbing enrichment; This just needs to adopt inductive technology to improve the accumulation ability of plant to metal, and the sequestrant that applies has the Heavy-Metal Polluted Groundwater of increase potentially dangerous property.
In recent years, some special plants of a large amount of enrichment pollutents of portion on the ground---super enriching plant has become the focus of academia's research.Utilize these plants can carry out plant and look for many-sided practices such as ore deposit, plant metallurgical and phytoremediation.People have begun to develop " the green metallurgical technology " of mikrobe and plant metal smelting at present." plant metallurgical " is exactly to utilize absorption and the accumulation capability of green plants to metal, collects, extracts the expensive technology that metal and rare metal are arranged.
Scientific research shows, plant is in millions upon millions of years very long evolution evolution process, and many plants have the ability of some metallic element of accumulation.It is many especially to contain zinc, elscholtiza cupric rich, tobacco uranium-bearing like violet, and it is especially abundant to also have Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) to contain that selenium, clover contain tantalum, lycopod contains manganese.Some plant can accumulate rare metal, like chromium, lanthanum, yttrium, niobium, thorium etc., is called as " green rare metal storehouse ".They exceed tens times, become hundred times than general plant the ability of aggregation of rare metal, even thousands of times.Such as chromium, in general plant, also be difficult to find, and water hyacinth can accumulate chromium on root with spectral detection, its content can reach 0.13%.Sea-tangle in the ocean has absorbed the iodine in the seawater, as long as we incinerate sea-tangle, just can from its ash, extract a large amount of iodine; A kind of herbage that is named as purple sweet letter is arranged, and it has the special ability that absorbs metal tantalum, and 40 hectares purple sweet letters are incinerated, and just can refine the tantalum of 200g; The corn that we often eat also can absorb the gold in the soil in the particle and preserve, but corn kind enrichment gold just in auriferous soil, can obtain the gold of 10g in the corn of 1000kg; The tin that the zinc that the potassium that Sunflower Receptacle absorbs, psyllium absorb, herba fibraureae recisae grass absorb.The lithiums that absorb in the tobacco etc., content of metal etc. has reached industrial grade in its ash.Now, to absorbing cumulative precious metal and rare metal in the plant, generally adopt ashing method to extract abroad, be about to plant and deliver to 800 ℃ special combustion stove burning, in ashes, extract metallic element again.
The harmless fixed bed pyrolysis system of zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant (application number 200910096853) discloses the harmless fixed bed pyrolysis disposal system of a kind of zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant; Dried zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant is sent into pyrolysis oven carry out pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas that pyrolysis produces is handled the back again and is utilized through burning the utilization system burning again; The hot flue gas that burns utilization system output partly is used for dry zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant, and part is used for the pyrolysis oven heat supply; The interior pyrolysis temperature of pyrolysis oven is kept hot flue gas, the portion of hot flue gas of burning utilization system output and the heat of interior zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant pyrolysis of pyrolysis oven and combustion reactions release that the dependence fuel oil combustion produces; Burn the hot flue gas drying zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant of utilization system output after charcoal absorption purifies the back emptying.Adopt this pyrolytic technique, cadmium more than 90% and 99% above zinc can be fixed in the pyrolysis coke, have realized the harmlessness disposing and the comprehensive utilization of energy of zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant.
These agricultural discarded plant burning electricity generation incinerator (application number 200720125832) belongs in the environmental protection equipment, realizes smokeless foul smell discharging and free of contamination incinerator, the Sealing furnace of mainly being made up of dry, two functional zone of gasification burning; Establish compaction apparatus in the fuel room, prevent to stop up in the stove; Divide into conveying belt at drying zone, form fuel feed and dreg removing system; Tubing string shape in the fuel front formed, and add wind and water vapor and carry out atmospheric gasification and burn generates combustible gas such as carbon monoxide and sincere and warm gas and rises and get into secondary combustion chamber and add the wind reignition, makes temperature Centralized at the boiler place, thus better thermal utilization; The hydrolysis of decomposition lime, activated carbon suction strainer tower are set, flue gas is reduced into water, reach smokeless foul smell discharging; If furnace bottom ash pulp separator and ash discharge band with the dry fuel of waste heat, are drained slag, form cleaning dregs system; Drying, the processing of gasification burning flue gas, cleaning dregs system are all carried out at sealing member, avoid contaminate environment; The incinerator of integrated automation.
The safe incinerating method of a kind of arsenic enriching plant Herba pteridis vittatae (application number 200510127448) discloses the method that a kind of matter containing arsenic safety is burned, and the matter containing arsenic after pulverizing is first with 15%Mg (NO
3)
2Moistening, after the oven dry again with the ratio mixing of MgO powder according to 2～4:1 (W/W); Maybe with the matter containing arsenic that crushes directly with the ratio mixing of CaO according to 2～4:1 (W/W) after, (300～800 ℃) burn under burning state, burn the back and reclaim MgO unnecessary in the ash content or CaO to reuse.This method can effectively stop the volatilization of matter containing arsenic arsenic in burning process; Significantly reduce the weight and volume of pending material, reduce follow-up cost of disposal; Gu arsenical can form stable compound with the arsenic in the material, avoid the arsenic in the ash content in processing modes such as landfill, to ooze under the leaching, reduce the secondary pollution risk.This method be applicable to contain the arsenic plant, the burning disposal of materials such as the timber after containing Ascu and handling, arsenic coal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the treatment process of the residual body of a heavy metal species rehabilitation plant; This is a kind of treatment and disposal method of repairing the residual body of back hyperaccumulative plant; Promptly remove the heavy metal in the soil through the plantation heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant; Remove the heavy metal content in the soil through harvesting plant shoot position behind the certain hour, and carry out the high temperature ashing, and reduce a kind of environmentally friendly method of heavy metal evaporable for the harvesting plant part; Can be widely used in the aftertreatment of rehabilitation plant, not cause the secondary pollution of soil and atmosphere etc.
The present invention realizes through following scheme: will repair back plant residue cleaning and drain; Pulverize back chip granularity between 2-8mm, canebreak and fixing agent are mixed, add the volatilization that fixing agent reduces heavy metal in the ratio of mass ratio 2-5:1; Ashing 4-6h under 400-800 ℃ of condition then; The minimizing of promotion hyperaccumulative plant, the gas that ashing is produced sprays, and the ashes that produce after the ashing are sneaked into and are further smelted recovery in the respective metal ore or spray purification heavy metal by product with acid solution; Realize the recycling of heavy metal in the ashes, thereby accomplish handling the postpartum of hyperaccumulative plant.
Fixing agent described in the present invention is Na
2S
2O
3, a kind of in the calcium hydroxide, superphosphate of lime, quicklime, Natural manganese dioxide, borsyl.
Use the Ca (OH) of mass percent concentration among the present invention as 10-20%
2, a kind of gas that ashing is produced sprays among the NaOH, KOH alkaline solution, reduces the volatilization of heavy metal, and form deposition and get back in the ashes.
Ashes are with HCl, the HNO of 10-20% among the present invention
3In a kind of solution spray dissolving heavy metal and purification by product.
Repairing the back plant residue among the present invention is that one or more contain the mixture of the different plants of same metal in arsenic hyperaccumulative plant Da Ye Herba Pteridis multifidae or Herba pteridis vittatae, plumbous hyperaccumulative plant Pinnate Beggarticks, nickel hyperaccumulative plant Indian mustard, cadmium hyperaccumulative plant black nightshade or the Sedum alfredii Hance.
The heavy metal content measuring method can adopt nitric acid-hydrochloric acid-perchloric acid to clear up atomic absorption spectroscopy determination with reference to following method in plant and the ashes.
Compare advantage and positively effect that the present invention has with known technology:
This hyperaccumulative plant high temperature ashing method mainly is through adding fixing agent; Forming stable compound with heavy metal realizes fixing; Reduce the volatilization of heavy metal under the condition of high temperature, realize the plant residue method that ashing is decomposed under middle high-temperature, and reclaim the recycling of realizing that plant metallurgical reclaims through the smelting of selecting to heavy metal in the ashes; This law is easier to realize commercial application than additive method, and possess energy-conservation, reduce atmosphere pollution risk, advantage such as equipment is simple, cost is low.
The inventive method is compared with the landfill disposal method, and treatment capacity is big, handles rapidly; Minimizing is obvious, and it is fixing to form stable compound realization through adding fixing agent and heavy metal, reduces the volatilization of heavy metal under the condition of high temperature; Reduce secondary pollution, can carry out heavy metal through the selecting and smelting technology that utilizes conventional ore and reclaim, can become product to the metallic element that pollutes in the soil; Realize the recycling that plant metallurgical reclaims, produce economic benefit.The present invention is through to the subsequent disposal of rehabilitation plant, reduced effectively that environment produces that possibility, the running cost of secondary pollution is low, its environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit be obvious, favorable actual application prospect arranged in metal recovery aspect utilizing.Through present method, plant minimizing effect is obvious, and the plant quality loss accounts for the 85-98% of total mass, and heavy metal volatile quantity has at high temperature reduced 80-90%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further explain, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to said content.
Embodiment 1:The treatment process of the residual body of this heavy metal rehabilitation plant, concrete operations are following:
With arsenic hyperaccumulative plant Herba pteridis vittatae is that raw material carries out solid arsenic ashing treatment; The mine tailing storehouse is used for the Herba pteridis vittatae that soil pollution is repaired to raw material sources in Geju City, and the average arsenic content of Herba pteridis vittatae is in 6700mg/kg (dry weight), gets after the 30kg Herba pteridis vittatae cleans draining; Pulverize and be the chip of granularity between 2-8mm; Place porcelain crucible, the mixed that plant and fixing agent superphosphate of lime are pressed mass ratio 3:1,400 ℃ of following ashing 4h in retort furnace then; Adding spray equipment at the retort furnace top, is 10% Ca (OH) to ashing generation gas use mass percent concentration
2Solution spraying, the ashes that produce after the ashing are mixed into ore dressing, the smelting of carrying out the arsenic metal in the arsenic minerals stone and reclaim.Account for 90% of total mass through the mass loss of ashing treatment Herba pteridis vittatae, the minimizing effect is obvious, has reached the subsequent disposal purpose of rehabilitation plant cost-effectively; Simultaneously through consolidating applying of arsenical; Effectively reduce the vaporization at high temperature of arsenic, decide agent and compare with unguyed, volatile quantity has reduced 85%; Effectively avoid secondary pollution, and realized the purpose of second stage employ resource.
Embodiment 2:The treatment process of the residual body of this heavy metal rehabilitation plant, concrete operations are following:
With arsenic hyperaccumulative plant Herba pteridis vittatae is that raw material carries out solid arsenic ashing treatment; The mine tailing storehouse is used for the Herba pteridis vittatae that soil pollution is repaired to raw material sources in Geju City, and the average arsenic content of Herba pteridis vittatae is in 6700mg/kg (dry weight), gets after the 30kg Herba pteridis vittatae cleans draining; Pulverize and be the chip of granularity between 2-8mm; Place porcelain crucible, the mixed that plant and fixing agent calcium hydroxide are pressed mass ratio 4:1,500 ℃ of following ashing 5h in retort furnace then; Adding spray equipment at the retort furnace top, is 10% Ca (OH) to ashing generation gas use mass percent concentration
2It is 10% HNO that solution spraying, the ashes that produce after the ashing utilize mass percent concentration
3Solution dissolves, and is used to produce Tricalcium arsenate.
Account for 92% of total mass through the mass loss of ashing treatment Herba pteridis vittatae, the minimizing effect is obvious, simultaneously through the interpolation of arsenical admittedly; Effectively reduce the vaporization at high temperature of arsenic; Decide agent and compare with unguyed, volatilization reduces about 87%, reaches 90% through the salpeter solution dissolving arsenic recovery; Effectively avoid secondary pollution, and realized the purpose of second stage employ resource.
Embodiment 3:The treatment process of the residual body of this heavy metal rehabilitation plant, concrete operations are following:
To repair the plumbous hyperaccumulative plant Pinnate Beggarticks in mining area be that raw material carries out solid lead ash processing to derive from certain polluted soil phyto, after getting the 200kg Pinnate Beggarticks and cleaning draining, is crushed between 2-8mm, with plant and fixing agent Na
2S
2O
3Press the mixed of mass ratio 2:1; Ashing 6h between 600 ℃ in retort furnace then; Add spray equipment at the retort furnace top; Ashing is produced gas, and to use mass percent be that 15% NaOH solution sprays, and the ashes that produce after the ashing are mixed into the ore dressing of carrying out lead metal in the lead ore, smelt and reclaim.Account for 85% of total mass through ashing treatment plant quality loss, the minimizing effect is obvious, and does not add fixing agent and compares plumbous volatilization and reduce 90%.
Embodiment 4:The treatment process of the residual body of this heavy metal rehabilitation plant, concrete operations are following:
Plumbous hyperaccumulative plant Pinnate Beggarticks to derive from certain polluted soil phyto reparation mining area is that raw material carries out solid lead ash processing; After getting 200kg Pinnate Beggarticks cleaning draining; Be crushed between 2-6mm the mixed that plant and fixing agent Natural manganese dioxide are pressed mass ratio 4:1, ashing 4h between 800 ℃ in retort furnace then; Add spray equipment at the retort furnace top; Ashing is produced gas, and to use mass percent be that 15% NaOH solution sprays, and it is 20% HCl solution dissolving that the ashes that produce after the ashing utilize mass percent concentration, produces PbCl
2Sub product, the Pb recovery reaches 93%.Account for 90% of total mass through ashing treatment plant quality loss, the minimizing effect is obvious, and does not add fixing agent and compares plumbous volatilization and reduce 90%.
Embodiment 5:The treatment process of the residual body of this heavy metal rehabilitation plant, concrete operations are following:
The cadmium hyperaccumulative plant black nightshade of administering with the Cadmium Pollution in Soils in certain phytoremediation base is that raw material carries out solid cadmium ashing treatment, gets after the 50kg black nightshade cleans draining, be crushed between 2-5mm, and the mixed that plant and fixing agent quicklime are pressed mass ratio 5:1,
Place porcelain crucible at 400 ℃ of following ashing 5h of retort furnace then; Add spray equipment at the retort furnace top; Ashing is produced gas, and to use mass percent be that 20% KOH solution sprays, and it is 15% HCl solution dissolving that the ashes that produce after the ashing utilize mass percent concentration, produces CdCl
2Sub product, the Cd recovery reaches 93%.Account for 87% of total mass through the loss of ashing treatment plant quality, do not compare with adding fixing agent, the cadmium volatilization reduces about 90%.
Claims (5)
1. the treatment process of the residual body of a heavy metal species rehabilitation plant; It is characterized in that: will repair back plant residue cleaning and drain; Pulverize back chip granularity between 2-8mm, canebreak and fixing agent are mixed ashing 4-6h under 400-800 ℃ of condition in the ratio of mass ratio 2-5:1; The gas that ashing is produced sprays, and the ashes that produce after the ashing are sneaked into and further smelted recovery in the respective metal ore or spray purification heavy metal by product with acid solution.
2. the treatment process of the residual body of heavy metal rehabilitation plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fixing agent is Na
2S
2O
3, a kind of in the calcium hydroxide, superphosphate of lime, quicklime, Natural manganese dioxide, borsyl.
3. the treatment process of the residual body of heavy metal rehabilitation plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use the Ca (OH) of mass percent concentration as 10-20%
2, a kind of gas that ashing is produced sprays among the NaOH, KOH solution.
4. the treatment process of the residual body of heavy metal rehabilitation plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ashes use HCl, the HNO of mass percent concentration as 10-20%
3In a kind of solution spray purification.
5. the treatment process of the residual body of heavy metal rehabilitation plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: repair the back plant residue and be in arsenic hyperaccumulative plant Da Ye Herba Pteridis multifidae or Herba pteridis vittatae, plumbous hyperaccumulative plant Pinnate Beggarticks, nickel hyperaccumulative plant Indian mustard, cadmium hyperaccumulative plant black nightshade or the Sedum alfredii Hance one or more.
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| CN109604314A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of heavy metal-polluted soil hyperaccumulative plant body disposal plant and the method for preparing biomass carbon |
| CN109604314B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2024-02-13 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil heavy metal super-accumulation plant body treatment device and method for preparing biomass charcoal |
| CN109794262A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-24 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method and application preparing catalysis material using Cd-hyperaccumulator |
| CN109794262B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-11-30 | 福建农林大学 | Method for preparing photocatalytic material by utilizing cadmium hyper-enrichment plant and application |
| CN109821893A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | The recovery method of lead in the restorative procedure and lead-contaminated soil of lead-contaminated soil |
| CN109894462A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-18 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | A method of enrichment and recycling heavy metal-polluted soil copper |
| CN109909284A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | A method of it repairs by heavy metal zinc polluted soil earth and utilizes |
| CN109909283A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | The recovery method of cadmium in the restorative procedure and cadmium pollution soil of cadmium pollution soil |
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