CN103224315B - Sludge comprehensive treatment and conversion product recycle method - Google Patents

Sludge comprehensive treatment and conversion product recycle method Download PDF

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CN103224315B
CN103224315B CN201310092992.0A CN201310092992A CN103224315B CN 103224315 B CN103224315 B CN 103224315B CN 201310092992 A CN201310092992 A CN 201310092992A CN 103224315 B CN103224315 B CN 103224315B
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sludge
pyrolysis
mud
oil
recycle
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CN103224315A (en
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曹玉成
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HANGZHOU HUHUI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Abstract

The invention relates to a sludge comprehensive treatment and conversion product recycle method. A sludge comprehensive treatment process comprises a step of sludge anaerobic digestion, a step of sludge dehydration, a step of sludge medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis, and a step of pyrolytic product separation and collection. A conversion product recycling process comprises a way of biogas and pyrolytic oil recycle, a way of pyrolytic gas recycle, and a way of pyrolytic carbon recycle. When the method is adopted to treat sludge generated in urban domestic sewage treatment plants and industrial sludge generated in the papermaking industry, the leather industry, the printing and dyeing industry and the like, energy in the sludge is effectively converted and utilized, the sludge volume is substantially reduced, and the links comprising storage, transportation and the like are reduced, so the method is an intensive treatment way, and has the advantages of high energy recycle rate, small secondary sludge, high harmlessness degree, low operation cost, obvious environmental benefit and the like.

Description

The circulation utilization method of mud comprehensive treating process and conversion product
Technical field
The processing that the present invention relates to the industrial sludge that the industries such as a kind of city domestic sewage mud that treatment plant produces and papermaking, leather, printing and dyeing produce with utilize method.
Background technology
Along with the development of urbanization and attention and the reinforcement of water surrounding management, town sewage treatment scale and degree grow with each passing day.To the end of the year 2010, China's town sewage treatment scale reached for 12476 ten thousand stere/days.Urban wastewater treatment firm mud (abbreviation mud) is unavoidable by product in sewage treatment process, is mainly derived from the technique unit such as primary sedimentation pond, secondary sedimentation basins.Every ten thousand m 3sewage will produce mud 5-10 ton (by water ratio 80%) after treatment, estimate with this, and current China produces every year sludge quantity and exceeded 2,200 ten thousand tons.
In mud, contain the nutritive elements such as the required nitrogen of a large amount of organism and crop growth, phosphorus, potassium, but also contain numerous kinds hazardous contaminant simultaneously, comprise the biological pollutant such as pathogenic mattress, parasite (ovum), the heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium, mercury, and the persistence organic pollutant such as polychlorobiphenyl, dioxin, if can not get dealing carefully with, easily cause secondary pollution.
Therefore,, how safely lignin-sludge has become the common important environmental problem of paying close attention in the whole world, the difficult problem that Ye Shi sewage work and municipal administration department face economically.
At present, the processing of China's municipal sludge mainly adopts following three kinds of technological approaches:
Approach A: mechanical dehydration (water ratio 80% left and right) and stabilization treatment+refuse landfill landfill;
Approach B: mechanical dehydration and stabilization+also field utilizes;
Approach C: mechanical dehydration processing+burning (or burning after mummification).
Approach A is acknowledged as one and least continuable sludge treatment mode.Its unsustainable property main manifestations is: minimizing degree is low, only sloughs the water of 20% left and right; Landfill is disposed need to take a large amount of soils, causes the loss of beneficiating ingredient in mud (N, P etc.) and energy simultaneously, again in many ways to carry in environment pollutent (as landfill gas with ooze drop liquid); Due to mud and domestic refuse nature difference larger, the introducing of mud in landfill yard, brings difficulty to the management of landfill operation and landfill.Therefore, many countries and regions have very cautiously adopted this kind of mode lignin-sludge, member statess as many in European Union eliminate Sludge landfill disposal gradually, and (it is 14% that European Union's landfill in 2010 is disposed proportion, estimate 2020 to be about 7%), Environmental Protection Agency plans to close 80% sludge landfill in from now on 20 years.In view of the current national conditions of China, country's " urban wastewater treatment firm sludge treatment disposal technology standard " is considered as Sludge landfill " in China's certain hour, being a kind of cambic processing Disposal Measures ".But along with the increasingly stringent of China's expanding economy and environmental protection requirement, we have reason to believe, this sludge treatment approach also will become history in China in the near future.
(as lime stabilization, composting etc.) after mechanical sludge dewatering, stabilization treatment are also utilized to (approach B) in field, can realize the partially recycled utilization to the nutrients resource such as nitrogen, phosphorus in mud, be the main path that current numerous countries including China solve mud outlet.But this mode is also accompanied by soil and inputs biological pollutant, heavy metal and persistence organic pollutant, long-term mud goes back to field and very likely causes soil pollution, jeopardizes agricultural product quality and safety.Many developed countries and area also therefore to apply mud character and quantity, received the aspects such as land type and done strict demand and management and control.Consider that current China soil pollution situation is quite severe, and sludge creation amount increases the contradiction day by day reducing with the land area that is applicable to that mud is dissolved increasingly, mud also field utilizes and will be subject to more strict control.
Approach C (burning after the processing+burning of sludge in-situ mechanical dehydration or mummification) have the pathogenic bacterium that become extinct completely, sludge reduction thoroughly, and can partially recycled mud in the advantage such as energy, day by day coming into one's own in recent years, is the important substitute technology that solves low matter sludge (the particularly higher mud of hazardous and noxious substances content) outlet.But, because producing, sludge incineration has a large amount of toxic and harmful (comprising the carcinogenss such as dioxin), and effective removing of these gases and purification need a large amount of facilities to drop into and fund input, this mud mode of dissolving is faced with " operation cost is high and public acceptability is poor " two challenges greatly.Therefore, although technical suitable maturation and exist many advantages, sludge incineration technology to fail to realize large-scale industrialization application all the time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for existing sludge disposal technology above shortcomings, and the circulation utilization method of a kind of mud comprehensive treating process and conversion product is provided.
The technical scheme solving the problems of the technologies described above is that the integrated conduct method of this mud carries out as follows:
(1) anaerobic digestion of mud: the sludge slurry that sewage treatment unit is produced pumps into anaerobic digestion reaction vessel or Tu Zhizhaoqichi digests, and the biogas of generation first passes into desulfurizer, then passes into biogas cogeneration units, changes into electric energy and heat energy;
(2) dehydration and drying of digested sludge: remaining digested sludge is delivered to mechanical dehydration machine and dewaters after step (1) anaerobic digestion, is delivered to subsequently sludge heat drying machine and carries out the dewatered sludge that mummification is 5%-10% to moisture percentage in sewage sludge;
(3) dewatered sludge pyrolysis: dewatered sludge is sent in pyrolysis reactor, and temperature is controlled at 500-600 ℃, is controlled at mud and the residence time of pyrolysis devolatilization thing in pyrolysis reactor in this temperature and is respectively 10-40min and 1-5s;
(4) separation of pyrolysis product and collection: mud can produce with hydrocarbon polymer, CO, CO after step (3) pyrolysis processing 2be main hot phase stream and pyrolytic carbon, adopt circulating cooling water treating device, the hydrocarbon polymer in condensation liquefaction hot phase stream, forms liquid pyrolysis oil, and it is stand-by that the pyrolysis oil of generation is transported to oil reservoir; Remaining CO, CO 2gas belongs to pyrolysis gas that can not condensability, moves and uses it for anything else; It is stand-by that the pyrolytic carbon producing is delivered to storage charcoal chamber;
2. the circulation utilization method of the conversion product by above-mentioned mud comprehensive treating process gained comprises following approach:
(1) recycle of biogas and pyrolysis oil: the pyrolysis oil Substitute For Partial mineral oil of the electricity producing through the biogas cogeneration of mud comprehensive treating process step (1) and heat, step (4) is for oil-firing boiler burning heat production, for supplying anaerobic digestion reaction vessel, mechanical sludge dewatering, sludge heat drying device, pyrolysis reactor and material conveying device;
(2) recycle of pyrolysis gas: after mud comprehensive treating process step (4) condensation separation with CO, CO 2be main pyrolysis gas, a part, by airair heat exchanger, flows to after the heat exchange of promoting the circulation of qi-gas with the hot phase of pyrolysis reactor output, then imports pyrolysis reactor, for pyrolyzing sludge reacts the inert environments of creating anaerobic or anoxic; Remaining a part of pyrolysis gas is transported to oil-firing boiler burning heat production and uses;
(3) utilization of pyrolytic carbon: store in the pyrolytic carbon in charcoal chamber, contain the carbon species existing with stable form, as the covering material of refuse landfill field, can reach the object of carbon sequestration.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, Conversion of energy and utilising efficiency are high: the present invention has combined anaerobic digestion and two kinds of technology of fast pyrogenation are carried out Conversion of energy to mud, can be the biomass energy (biogas and pyrolysis oil) with higher energy density by the Conversion of energy of 70%-80% left and right in mud; The present invention is carried out heat take produced biogas as fuel, produce Electricity Federation, and institute's heat production, electric original position are supplied in to the flow chart institute energy requirements such as anaerobic sludge digestion, mummification and pyrolysis, has improved biogas energy utilization efficiency; In addition, the present invention utilizes the high temperature vapor phase stream that pyrolysis operation is exported to carry out preheating to pyrolysis carrier gas (namely part cycling hot is vented one's spleen), can save pyrolysis operation institute energy requirement;
2, minimizing degree is high.The present invention has combined the technology such as anaerobic digestion, mechanical dehydration, heat drying and fast pyrolysis mud has been carried out to processing treatment, and produced biogas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are carried out to original position digestion and utilization, final residue product is pyrolytic carbon, and its residual quantity is only the 5%-10% of primary sludge amount (with 80% moisture content meter);
3, secondary pollution is little, and innoxious degree is high.During the present invention adopts, warm fast pyrolysis process carries out anaerobic thermal treatment to mud, does not have or rarely generation organic toxic substances such as dioxin compounds in pyrolytic process; Pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 500-600 ℃ by the present invention, in this temperature province, most heavy metals in mud are trapped in pyrolysis solid product pyrolytic carbon (rather than being present in gas-phase product), and exist with stable form, reduce the environmental hazard risk that its follow-up non-fuelization utilization (as Covering Material of Refuse Landfill) produces;
4, running cost is low.In general, the processing cost of disposal of mud accounts for the 30%-50% of whole sewage work operation cost, and wherein energy consumption is the main contributions person of sludge treatment cost of disposal.The pyrolysis oil that the biogas that the present invention produces by burning anaerobic sludge digestion and digested sludge pyrolysis produce, for the processing treatment of mud provides energy source, does not need to provide extra power substantially, therefore can significantly reduce sludge treatment and dispose running cost.On the other hand, mud is after anaerobic digestion, heat drying and pyrolysis processing, and volume reduces greatly, can save the expenses such as follow-up storage, transportation;
5, environmental benefit is obvious.The exhaustion of earth mineral fuel resource and Greenhouse effect are two hang-ups that current social faces, and develop and use the renewable energy sources such as bioenergy and advance carbon emission reduction work to be acknowledged as the fundamental way that solves this two hang-up.Mud is converted into biogas and pyrolysis oil by the present invention, for sludge treatment provides energy source, thereby reduces the dependence to mineral fuel, also reduced thus carbon emission.On the other hand, in the pyrolytic carbon that system of the present invention produces, contain a certain amount of carbon species, and exist with stable form, no matter used as Covering Material of Refuse Landfill or carry out final landfill disposal, all can realize directly carbon admittedly.
Embodiment
The present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment:
This mud integrated conduct method carries out as follows:
(1) anaerobic digestion of mud: the sludge slurry (water ratio 95% left and right) that sewage treatment unit is produced pumps into anaerobic digestion reaction vessel or Tu Zhizhaoqichi digests, the biogas producing first passes into desulfurizer, pass into again biogas cogeneration units, change into electric energy and heat energy;
(2) dehydration and drying of digested sludge: remaining digested sludge is delivered to mechanical dehydration machine and dewaters after step (1) anaerobic digestion, is delivered to subsequently sludge heat drying machine and carries out the dewatered sludge that mummification is 5%-10% to moisture percentage in sewage sludge;
(3) dewatered sludge pyrolysis: the mud after mummification (solid holdup 90-95%) is delivered to pyrolysis reactor and carries out pyrolysis processing.For reducing or remitting in pyrolytic process because pyrolysis temperature is too high, overstand and cause the volatilization of pyrolysis oil production declining and Heavy Metals in Sludge, during the present invention adopts, warm rapid pyrolysis method carries out anaerobic or hypoxemia pyrolysis processing to mud, specific operation process and job parameter are as follows: start pyrolysis reactor, Heating temperature 500-600 ℃ is set, after temperature rises to design temperature, dewatered sludge is sent in pyrolysis reactor, regulation and control sewage sludge feed speed and flow rate of carrier gas, maintaining respectively mud and the residence time of pyrolysis devolatilization thing in pyrolysis reactor is 10-40min and 1-5s,
(4) separation of pyrolysis product and collection: mud can produce with hydrocarbon polymer, CO, CO after step (3) pyrolysis processing 2be main hot phase stream and pyrolytic carbon.Adopt circulating cooling water treating device, the hydrocarbon polymer in condensation liquefaction hot phase stream, forms liquid pyrolysis oil, and it is stand-by that the pyrolysis oil of generation is transported to oil reservoir; Remaining CO, CO 2gas belongs to pyrolysis gas that can not condensability, moves and uses it for anything else; It is stand-by that the pyrolytic carbon producing is delivered to storage charcoal chamber.
2. the circulation utilization method of the conversion product of gained comprises following approach:
(1) recycle of biogas and pyrolysis oil: the pyrolysis oil Substitute For Partial mineral oil of the electricity producing through the biogas cogeneration of mud comprehensive treating process step of the present invention (1) and heat, step (4) is for oil-firing boiler burning heat production, for supplying anaerobic digestion reaction vessel, mechanical sludge dewatering, sludge heat drying device, pyrolysis reactor and material conveying device;
(2) recycle of pyrolysis gas: after mud comprehensive treating process step of the present invention (4) condensation separation with CO, CO 2it is main pyrolysis gas, a part is passed through airair heat exchanger, flow to after the heat exchange of promoting the circulation of qi-gas with the hot phase of pyrolysis reactor output, import again pyrolysis reactor, for the inert environments of pyrolyzing sludge reaction creation anaerobic or anoxic, remaining a part of pyrolysis gas is transported to oil-firing boiler burning heat production and uses;
(3) utilization of pyrolytic carbon: the pyrolytic carbon producing through mud comprehensive treating process step of the present invention (4), contain the carbon species existing with stable form, as the covering material of refuse landfill field, can reach the object of carbon sequestration.
It should be noted that the equipment that the each link of the present invention adopts all can obtain by commercially available or net purchase reed.

Claims (2)

1. a mud integrated conduct method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) anaerobic digestion of mud: the sludge slurry that sewage treatment unit is produced pumps into anaerobic digestion reaction vessel or Tu Zhizhaoqichi digests, and the biogas of generation first passes into desulfurizer, then passes into biogas cogeneration units, changes into electric energy and heat energy;
(2) dehydration and drying of digested sludge: remaining digested sludge is delivered to mechanical dehydration machine and dewaters after step (1) anaerobic digestion, is delivered to subsequently sludge heat drying machine and carries out the dewatered sludge that mummification is 5%-10% to moisture percentage in sewage sludge;
(3) dewatered sludge pyrolysis: dewatered sludge is sent in pyrolysis reactor, and temperature is controlled at 500-600 ℃, is controlled at mud and the residence time of pyrolysis devolatilization thing in pyrolysis reactor in this temperature and is respectively 10-40min and 1-5s;
(4) separation of pyrolysis product and collection: mud can produce with hydrocarbon polymer, CO, CO after step (3) pyrolysis processing 2be main hot phase stream and pyrolytic carbon, adopt circulating cooling water treating device, the hydrocarbon polymer in condensation liquefaction hot phase stream, forms liquid pyrolysis oil, and it is stand-by that the pyrolysis oil of generation is transported to oil reservoir; Remaining CO, CO 2gas belongs to pyrolysis gas that can not condensability, moves and uses it for anything else; It is stand-by that the pyrolytic carbon producing is delivered to storage charcoal chamber.
2. mud integrated conduct method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the circulation utilization method of the conversion product by this treatment process gained comprises following approach:
(1) recycle of biogas and pyrolysis oil: the electricity producing through the biogas cogeneration of mud comprehensive treating process step (1) and hot, the pyrolysis oil Substitute For Partial mineral oil of step gallop (4) is for oil-firing boiler burning heat production, for supplying anaerobic digestion reaction vessel, mechanical sludge dewatering, sludge heat drying device, pyrolysis reactor and material conveying device;
(2) recycle of pyrolysis gas: after mud comprehensive treating process step (4) condensation separation with CO, CO 2it is main pyrolysis gas, a part is passed through airair heat exchanger, flow to after the heat exchange of promoting the circulation of qi-gas with the hot phase of pyrolysis reactor output, import again pyrolysis reactor, for the inert environments of pyrolyzing sludge reaction creation anaerobic or anoxic, remaining a part of pyrolysis gas is transported to oil-firing boiler burning heat production and uses;
(3) utilization of pyrolytic carbon: store in the pyrolytic carbon in charcoal chamber, contain the carbon species existing with stable form, as the covering material of refuse landfill field, can reach the object of carbon sequestration.
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CN103663896A (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-03-26 同济大学 Method and device for stabilizing heavy metal through pyrolysis of sludge
CN104402187A (en) * 2014-08-07 2015-03-11 胡延节 Combined facility for making sludge synthetic fuel
CN104150731B (en) * 2014-08-20 2016-03-30 武汉理工大学 A kind of method realizing heavy metals in city sewage sludge stabilization that biochemical-physical combines
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US10196569B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2019-02-05 Tongji University Method and system of treating biomass wastes by biochemistry-thermochemistry multi-point interconnection
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CN105505996A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-04-20 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Biogas residue thermal cracking solid product and application method thereof
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CN106977068A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-07-25 中国科学院广州能源研究所 A kind of method for improving sludge carbon yield
CN109970065A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-07-05 同济大学 A kind of method that the reduction of urban mud anaerobic digestion biogas residue prepares silicon carbide
CN111302586A (en) * 2020-02-05 2020-06-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Treatment method for recycling domestic sludge of sewage plant
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