CN1951586B - Method for innocuity, resource utilization and decrement Processing Of Organic Garbage - Google Patents
Method for innocuity, resource utilization and decrement Processing Of Organic Garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1951586B CN1951586B CN2006100038983A CN200610003898A CN1951586B CN 1951586 B CN1951586 B CN 1951586B CN 2006100038983 A CN2006100038983 A CN 2006100038983A CN 200610003898 A CN200610003898 A CN 200610003898A CN 1951586 B CN1951586 B CN 1951586B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating organic waste. Wherein, it combines a group of devices, as three basic subsystems; the external heating thermal cracking subsystem can thermally decompose the waste; the external heating catalyzing reducing gasifying subsystem can convert the product into fuel gas and make it innocent; the automatic detecting controlling subsystem is the last subsystem. The invention can be used to treat biological waste, the pollution of paper industry, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of be applicable to the organic discarded object of industrial and agricultural production discharging (as, various plant straws, high-concentration waste liquid and waste matter that enterprises such as paper mill, brewery, sugar refinery, food processing factory discharge, organic part in municipal refuse, the medical waste etc.) carry out the method that innoxious, resource, minimizing are administered by equipment with continuous pyrolysis catalytic pyrolysis carbonizing and gasifying function.The technical field that belongs to resource and environment.
Background technology
One of background technology: about biomass gasification technology
Utilizing after reproducible biomass energy transformed into biological fuel gas, is that the heat chemistry of biomass energy is utilized one of method again.Because utilization rate height, cleaning, the convenience of gaseous fuel, therefore, the research and development of biomass gasification technology has obtained extensive attention both domestic and external, and has obtained gratifying progress.
But, the principle of living beings gasification and method but are principle and the methods of having continued to use the coal gasification, promptly, make biological material burning and under certain thermodynamic condition under the inadequate condition of air (oxygen) supply, the hydrocarbon of the forming living beings process by pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction is generated include CO, H
2, CO
2And include the N that brings into along with air in a large number
2Air mixture with the low molecular hydrocarbons class.Because biological material is compared with the coal material and had light specific gravity, therefore the difference that energy density is little, just begins the biomass gasification technology of rising in nineteen seventies, has many problems that need further investigation.About more than 400 families that before ' 95 ', once built with China rural area " it is example that 200 house type straws are concentrated the supply station that gasifies, and just has following ' bottleneck ' problem:
1, because the charcoal that the straw kind material is separated out back formation at fugitive constituent does not have intensity basically, can not be as CO
2Reducing material use to generate CO, therefore, this can be used as the energy and material utilization and in the regenerative resource resource biological material of quantity maximum, but can not on the existing fixed bed/inhale on gasification furnace or the recirculating fluidized bed down and directly use.Present various gasification furnaces can only use the raw material of the biological material of hard such as corncob, peanut shell, rice husk or wood materials as gasification furnace.
2, the low (≯ 5MJ/nm of coal gas caloric value of output
3), firepower is not prosperous, and wood tar content height (generally all ≮ 50mg/nm
3), often owing to the wood tar blocking pipe is forced to stop using.Such result of use directly caused these overwhelming majority of concentrating the gasification supply stations all be after operation less than in the year, just be in state of paralysis fully.
Two of background technology: about the charring process of living beings
It is that the charing destructive distillation is carried out in the heating under the condition of complete secluding air of biomass energy source material that other a kind of heat chemistry of biomass energy is utilized method.Can obtain biomass carbon, combustion gas, wood tar and pyrolkigneous liquid in this way.Because this method can acquire the high combustion gas of caloric value and (generally be not less than 15MJ/M
3) and charcoal, therefore also obtained certain development in recent years.Wherein representative is " biomass carbonated technology ".Its main production process is: at first biological material is become moulding ' bar-shaped fuel ' through super-dry and compression process, be presented to destructive distillation in ' vexed jar ' formula destructive distillation jar of service intermittent then, thereby acquire coal gas, moulding charcoal, wood tar and the pyrolkigneous liquid of golf calorific value.
But this " biological material charring process " but has following point:
1, whole charing production process is ' batch (-type) ' work, adding living beings raw material that can not be continuous, the solid-state charcoal product of discharge from system that can not be continuous, the volume of ' vexed pot type destructive distillation jar ' is big again, the heat penetration time is also long, therefore, the efficient of production is lower, can not use in large-scale industrial production;
2, ' the vexed pot type destructive distillation jar ' of service intermittent must ' heat go out cold go into ' heating clamber, and this has made ' vexed pot type destructive distillation jar ' waste in vain of using as stove and accessory a large amount of physics sensible heat has caused the heat energy utilization rate of system lower;
The yield ratio of adjustment charcoal, coal gas and wood tar product that 3, in process of production, can not be at random.Such as, because the coal gas number of users quantitative limitation of being fixed, in case the gas yield surplus, production just must stop based on the enterprise that producing coal gas, can not carry out charcoal production continuous, that can bring more economic benefits for manufacturing enterprise, limit enterprise operator's economic well-being of workers and staff;
4, producing the raw material that use mainly is sawdust, and must be through compression compact moulding in advance, so that pack more materials in fixing ' a vexed pot type destructive distillation jar ', production cost is than higher; When using the straw kind material, because the charcoal of output is second-rate and powder is more, therefore generally also will need post forming is the moulding charcoal, has caused investment and production cost all to need the problem that increases.
Three of background technology: about biogas elelctrochemical power generation technology
Since will living beings the combustion gas that produces of gasification back just can carry out the energy conveying very easily after further being converted into electric energy; but also can in certain scope, reduce or the use of proxy mineral fuel; the protection environment; therefore; with generating electricity after the living beings gasification or carrying out direct-fired generating, all be the main target of future development.Such as, " the 5MW biogas elelctrochemical power generation optimization system and the demonstration project thereof " of carrying out at Jiangsu Province's Xinghua City during China ' 15 ', the demonstrative project of one exactly " technological achievement belongs to domestic initiation; be biogas elelctrochemical power generation unique normal operation in the world, maximum-norm station, belongs to the leading level in the world "
(1)
But, though be direct-fired or gasification after the project of generating again, all in various degree suffer from following problem, also need to carry out deep further research
(2):
1, the gasifying stalk calorific value is low, improves in technical needs the such as stable operation, tar removing, gas purification;
2, lack direct combustion heat supplying technology research of stalk and equipment development, be not easy to the multipath using energy source;
3, there is big gap biomass fermentation power technology and device aspect.
According to relevant report, China just once met with following concrete technical problem and had carried out tackling of key scientific and technical problems in exploitation " 5MW biogas elelctrochemical power generation optimization system and demonstration project thereof ":
1, the low (about 5～12MJ/M of the fuel gases calorific value that produces behind the gasifying stalk
3), need research and development special-purpose ' fuel gas with low heat value generator ', so that improve the conversion efficiency that is converted into electric energy;
2, the wood tar that produces in the gasifying stalk process need be handled by catalysis technique, and still, there is the problem that carbon deposit covers that is very easy in the catalyst of continuing to use the use of oil catalysis technique.Therefore, catalysis technique needs the further selection and the catalysis system optimal design method problem of research catalyst material;
3, there is the secondary pollution problem in the industrial wastewater of processing wood tar generation.
Four of background technology: about the burning and the generation technology of organic solid waste
At present, because developing rapidly of China's whole national economy and urban construction, the rubbish quantity that produces in the city not only increases sharply, and very big variation has also taken place in the constituent of rubbish: in municipal refuse, increased great number of organic matters discarded object composition, increase a large amount of plastic components, also increased many poisonous, hazardous compounds that contain metal or heavy metal chemical composition.Deposit these house refuses and not only taken a large amount of soils, cause the significant wastage of resource, and become one of primary pollution source of environment, the puzzlement daily life is detrimental to health, and has caused the ecological environment problem of many long-term profound levels.
Therefore, how domestic waste can be carried out ' innoxious ' and handle, just become the important channel of control domestic waste contaminated environment.
Also have, poultry, the domestic animal corpse forcing after hospital waste and bird flu take place to massacre contain a large amount of bacteriums, virus and chemical agent, they all have features such as space infection, acute infection and latent infection, the harm of its virus, germ is tens times and even hundreds of times of common domestic waste, therefore, how these medical wastes also ' innoxious ' processing equally also can be become the major issue that controls environment and pollute.
Treating these need be as the rubbish of pollution sources processing, and the improvement method that extensively adopts at present mainly contains three kinds of forms such as sanitary landfills, During High-Temperature Composting and burning both at home and abroad.The ratio of these three kinds of main trash processing way is because of the different differences to some extent of factors such as geographical environment, rubbish composition, the level of economic development.But rubbish ' burning ' is the treatment of urban garbage technology that extensively adopt present countries in the world.The large-scale waste incineration processing system that is equipped with energy recovery and use device, because harmless treatment more thorough, and the quantity of rubbish is reduced significantly, and also complied with the requirement of reclaiming the energy, rise to the main flow of burning disposal just gradually.Just realized that in March 26 calendar year 2001 national house refuse all burns integrated treatment such as, U.S..
Therefore, the developing direction of technology of garbage disposal is that direction towards " innoxious, resource, minimizing " develops.
Go up the data of introducing according to " Chinese environmental protection internet " webpage http://www.chinaep.net/feiwu/fsl/, can know all be to have adopted the method for carrying out earlier consuming in addition again after pyrolytic gasification becomes combustion gas to handle aspect the garbage incinerating system at present both at home and abroad with the same method of biological material gasification.Different persons only be that the fuel gas with low heat value that produces behind the refuse gasification is not to resident's supply, but directly in system, carry out second-time burning.We can see the technical data and the photo of all size difference, manufacturer that purposes is different on this webpage, are complete script data of this background technology of explanation.
But all there is following point in the garbage incinerating system that all utilize this principle design, make:
1, can not effectively prevent and eliminate chloride organic matter and in combustion process, generate very harmful pollutants such as dioxin;
2, owing to can only produce caloric value ≯ 5MJ/nm
3Combustion gas, so energy grade is very low, directly Ran Shao temperature is also lower, can not reach rubbish ' innoxious ' handle reach particularly that ' dioxin ' that thorough elimination generates need in combustion process ≮ 1200 ℃ of high temperature.Therefore, have only and use the method that adds fuel combustion supporting in addition (generally use diesel oil combustion-supporting) to carry out ' second-time burning '.This just makes the processing cost of rubbish significantly improve;
3, huge with the design of this principle, the garbage incinerating system systematic comparison of making, be difficult to make multiple (cover) equipment realization in the complication system of this ' first pyrolytic gasification, second-time burning again ' integrated.
4, some large-scale garbage incinerating system also needs the hybrid fuel that in advance refuse material is processed into patch fuel or creates graininess, produces the process more complicated of handling.
About these problems, in the article of on this webpage, announcing " present situation of China's garbage incineration technology and equipment and developing direction ", be clearly to describe like this:
" trend of incineration technology development is:
(1) elimination of pollutants such as garbage burning factory tail gas clean-up technology, particularly dioxin more and more comes into one's own.
(2) to utilize technology will be further perfect to the waste incineration residual heat integrative.
(3) for satisfying the environmental requirement of increasingly stringent, incineration technology develops towards equipment integration directions such as gas cleaning, residue and wastewater treatment and Waste Heat Recovery.
It is at present unique a kind of processing mode that can really realize rubbish " innoxious, resource, minimizing " that the organic solid waste discarded object is handled by the mode of generating.It not only can overcome the most of defective in the incineration technology and the making full use of of the various energy that comprise biomass energy that can realize being comprised in these organic solid waste discarded objects.But it has suffered from ' biogas elelctrochemical power generation technology ' more essentially identical technical problems equally.Simultaneously, ' dioxin ' and the raising ignition temperature of garbage power in order to eliminate generation reaches the purpose that improves energy conversion efficiency, needs a large amount of combustion-supporting fuel of use (such as coal and oil) combustion-supporting, when scale is smaller, be similar to small-sized ' thermal power plant '.In this case, not only processing cost significantly improves, but also may not reach the target of ' innoxious '.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the variety of issue that exists in the background technology, the present invention according to the practical experience of work in conjunction with some relevant basic principles designed a cover by ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ', ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' and by computer network platform implement ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' three groups of subsystems becomes have a Thermal Equipment of various organic discarded objects being carried out continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification and initiatively ensureing realization ' innoxious ' function.By the work in combination of these three subsystems, the organic solid waste discarded object is transformed into ' resource ' utilization that the high-grade combustion gas that does not comprise wood tar and non-combustible gas composition basically realizes the organic solid waste discarded object.Because in whole ' resource ' transfer process, also active/volitional check the formation condition of generation ' dioxin ', there is not secondary pollution again, charcoal and/or residual residue that the organic solid waste discarded object utilizes the back to produce through ' resource ' are very friendly again to environment, quantity also significantly reduces, therefore can realize comprehensively that " innoxious, resource, minimizing " of organic solid waste discarded object administer, thoroughly solve the variety of issue that exists in the above-mentioned background technology.
The kind difference of the organic discarded object of Chu Liing as required, ' the external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' in this method and ' the work in combination form of external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' two subsystem has two kinds: a kind of is discrete (see ' accompanying drawing one ').It can " innoxious, resource, minimizing " administer all organic solid waste discarded objects.But complex structure, cost is higher.Therefore, mainly be applicable in the actual production process and administer the organic discarded object that medical waste, municipal refuse etc. generate ' dioxin ' harm easily, can reach energy by utilizing these discarded objects self to be had, realize the target of ' being self-sufficient and achieve a surplus ' in " innoxious, resource, minimizing " governance process, neither need combustion-supporting fuel, the expense of improvement also seldom; A kind of is ' two combine into one ' formula (see ' accompanying drawing two '), and its method by prolonging ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' in (accompanying drawing one) is arranged on ' two combine into one ' form that ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' formed and have ' continuous pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification ' function afterwards continuously with the inner bag (18) of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '.Be applicable to that mainly the organic solid waste matter that enterprises such as various plant straws, brewery, sugar refinery, food processing factory are discharged directly transforms into higher combustion gas of energy grade and charcoal, thereby realize " innoxious, resource, minimizing " of these organic discarded objects administered.
Therefore, (accompanying drawing two) represented ' two combine into one ' formula can be regarded as a kind of special case or the distortion of ' discrete '.So, unless need especially, in present specification except in ' description of drawings ', the concrete title of the code name of ' two combine into one ' formula being described, present specification no longer to this form particularly the collection of ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' design data of being equipped with of start-up course and needing make a more detailed description and claim.
About how to realize this cover have carry out continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification and initiatively ensure the Thermal Equipment that realizes ' innoxious ' function and three subsystems how work in combination be described in detail as follows:
1, the organic solid waste discarded object is carried out a kind of method that " innoxious, resource, minimizing " administers, it is characterized in that this method is to reach (see ' accompanying drawing one ') that the organic solid waste discarded object is carried out that " innoxious, resource, minimizing " administer by the method that the cover that following three groups of subsystems become has continuous pyrolysis, charing, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification and the initiatively work in combination system coordination work of the equipment of security function;
1. one is ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ': this ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' be one by single or many can externally heat and sealing condition adds down continuously the tubulose ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' of organic solid waste waste material and the complexes formed of external heat device (6) accordingly.It can by ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' or Artificial Control in 300～650 ℃ temperature range and suitable pressure (include wood tar steam, CO for the pyrolysis of finishing raw material under the micro-vacuum state of-100～0Pa continuously, charing and with the hot pyrolysis gas that produces
2, H
2O gas) all be drained in the next one ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' and further process processing, with charing charcoal or the residual residue that produces of gasification back under airtight condition, be discharged to the external world continuously;
2. one is ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, the gasification subsystem ': this ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, the gasification subsystem ' be externally heat and the condition of sealing under the whole hot pyrolysis gas that can continuously ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' be sent here be full of by inside and have with charcoal or be mixed with dolomite, the charcoal of calcium oxide is as ' the external-heat catalysis of catalyst, reduction, the gasification subsystem ' inner bag (18) and corresponding external heat device ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, the gasification subsystem ' complexes formed of outer heating clamber (16).It can by ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' or Artificial Control in 800～950 ℃ scope and suitable pressure be-500～-negative pressure state of 50Pa under pressure finish hot pyrolysis gas in wood tar steam, CO
2, H
2The catalysis of O gas, reduction, gasification process become combustion gas, then, the high-temperature fuel gas of output are sent into the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and the after-treatment device (external world) of combustion gas and are handled, and the residues such as charcoal of finishing catalytic reaction are discharged to the external world continuously under airtight condition.
3. implement ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' by computer network platform for one: this ' automatic monitoring system subsystem ' is according to the pressure detecting that is equipped with in above-mentioned two subsystems, temperature detection, the hot pyrolysis gas that produces and/or the on-line real time monitoring and the flow accumulation data of gas composition, utilize the scattered control system of network communication to carry out the control of functional module formula, software section has adopted UNLX to develop software and Intouch industrial control software and INFORMIX database management system software, and whole system is being started, work, carry out the automation control and management system of intelligent management in the overall process of shutdown.
2, in ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ', the technical characterictic that has in addition is:
1. adopted and forced reinforced method, promptly used the mechanical facility of spiral or piston that the organic solid waste discarded object is forced to be pressed in ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' to feed in raw material.Reach in reinforced process and both can overcome the low density defective of raw material, can utilize again to be extruded closely knit raw material partitioning system and extraneous contact, stop pyrolysis gas to escape from charge door;
2. use following two kinds of methods simultaneously or use wherein a kind of, guarantee that the direction of motion of organic material of the direction of motion of ' hot pyrolysis gas ' and adding is in full accord:
' destructive distillation, cracking, the carbonization chamber ' of a, ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' all is under the negative pressure state.And the pressure of temperature end will be lower than the pressure of feed end, makes the direction of motion of organic material of the direction of motion of ' hot pyrolysis gas ' and adding consistent;
The geometric position of the temperature end of b, ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' is higher than feed end, and the high-temperature gas that produces can enter into the next one ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' soon automatically.The state of its limit can be a kind of vertical state that is.
3. the charing of discharging from ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' charcoal or the method for the residual residue that produces of gasification back be to utilize the deadweight of these solid products, freely drop into top and can drain pyrolysis gas gas, bottom and be implemented in the air-tight state lower dreg discharging with the method in the water seal tank of water seal; Also can use the method for cyclone dust collectors to discharge pyrolysis gas gas and residual residue (in this Figure of description, not marking).
4. can after generation, just react with chlorion and be converted into muriatic method by other adding calcium hydroxide, NaOH or other therein, reduce chloride organic matter generates ' dioxin ' prerequisite thing after heating quantity.
3, in ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ', the technical characterictic that has in addition is:
1. internal system has been full of various catalysis and needed carbon materials of chemical reaction and the catalyst (as charcoal, dolomite material) of finishing wood tar catalysis, carbon dioxide reduction, steam gasification reaction needed;
2. the automatic electrical heating of one cover (perhaps other energy heating) system is arranged, this overlaps automatic electrical heating (perhaps other energy heating) space that system controlled is can allow in the time of 920 ± 15 ℃, and the gaseous products that can guarantee at least to be handled by ' innoxious ' is in this constant temperature space of stage stop more than 1 second.
Need to prove, in the equipment work system of this cover combination, in ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' and ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ', produce the basic reason of ' negative pressure ' or ' little negative pressure ', or because the draft (shown in this specification " accompanying drawing one ") that chimney produces, or using the outside continuous drawing coal gas of vacuum pump and carrying out coal gas cooling, formed when purifying.
Description of drawings
(accompanying drawing one) is a schematic diagram that characterizes the equipment work system of this cover combination of the present invention.The concrete title of wherein each code name with relevant explanation is:
(1) organic solid waste discarded object raw materials saliva capping; (2) organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouth; (3) organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouth water seal tank; (4) ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber '; (5) spiral propeller and the power speed changing device used of organic solid waste discarded object raw materials; (6) heating clamber (dotted arrow among the figure has been represented the organized flow direction of the flue gas in the heating clamber in utilizing process in this schematic diagram); (6)
*The shell of heating clamber and heat-insulation layer; Enter when (7) ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' carbon residue of producing is discharged ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber ' sealing of water seal tank passage (when ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber ' when a plurality of, this passage just be converted into a contact ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber ' and water seal tank and with ' sharing space ' of isolation); (8) water surface of water seal tank (can flood (7) degree of being); (9) water seal tank; (10) ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' leads to the valve of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem '; (10)
*' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' leads to the gas piping and the valve of ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem '; (11) the original hot pyrolysis gas of ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' generation leads to the valve and the pipeline of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' inner bag; (12) ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' chimney; (13) feed(raw material)inlet of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '; (14) pipeline and the valve of the residual gas outside supply of the coal gas of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' generation beyond self needs; (15) ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' coal gas of producing enters cutting down of self outer heating clamber gas burner and pipeline; (16) ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' outer heating clamber; (17) gas burner; (18) ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' inner bag (its inside charcoal is housed or mixes dolomite charcoal as catalyst); (19) ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' ash discharge slag device; (20) deslagging of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' outlet; (20)
*The automatic electric heating system of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '; (20)
*' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' chimney and valve.
Wherein, ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' formed in (1)～(9) and (11), (12); (9), (10), (13), (16)～(20), (20)
*(20)
*Formed ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '
(accompanying drawing two) by prolong in (accompanying drawing one) ' in heat up in a steamer, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' method with of being arranged on continuously that ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' form afterwards of the inner bag (18) of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' have ' two combine into one ' function ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, vaporizer 4 ' form.Therefore, (accompanying drawing two) is a kind of special case or the distortion of (accompanying drawing one).The concrete title of wherein each code name with relevant explanation is:
1 organic solid waste discarded object raw materials saliva capping; 2 organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouths; 3 organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouth water seal tanks; 4 ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, vaporizers ': spiral propeller and power speed changing device that 5 organic solid waste discarded object raw materials are used; 6 heating clambers (dotted arrow among the figure has been represented the organized flow direction of the flue gas in the heating clamber in utilizing process in this schematic diagram); The carbon residue that 7 ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, vaporizers ' produce enter a sealing of water seal tank passage (when ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, charing, vaporizer ' when a plurality of, this passage just be converted into a contact a plurality of ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, charing, vaporizers ' and water seal tank and with ' sharing space ' of isolation); The water surface of 8 water seal tanks (can flood 7 degree of being); 9 water seal tanks; The combustion gas that 10 ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, vaporizers ' produce enters the outlet of waste heat gas utilization and cleaning system; 11 discharge the chimney of the useless flue gas of heating clamber; 12 inlet (≮ 1000 ℃) or gas burners for the high-temperature gas thermal source of heating clamber heating.
A, B, the C of mark have expressed three temperature sections of ' continuous pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, vaporizer ' in (accompanying drawing two): the A section is ' catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification section ', this zone temperatures should be at 800～950 ℃, and the combustion gas that length is produced by the B section is that one second requirement is calculated and determined in the time that the A section passes through; The B section is ' a thermal cracking section ', and the temperature of this section should be at 300～650 ℃, and length is determined by the productivity ratio of design; The temperature of C section should be at 150～250 ℃, and length is determined by the requirement of heat loss due to exhaust gas minimum.
Therefore, in (accompanying drawing two), when high-temperature region A existed, the charcoal that system can rely on self charing to generate was finished catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, the gasification of pyrolysis gas at the A section, produce the combustion gas that does not comprise wood tar and non-combustible gas composition, do not need to add in addition catalyst. Can constantly upgrade along with the carrying out that produces owing to finished the charcoal of pyrolytic gasification, so there is not supplementary question in catalyst, therefore the problem that does not also exist carbon deposit to cover just can not produce also that catalyst activity reduces and the problem of catalysis system resistance increase.
When not having high-temperature region A, in fact system is exactly an external-heat retort, in conjunction with supporting combustion gas after-treatment system, can produce good combustion gas, charcoal powder, wood tar and pyrolkigneous liquid.
B section in (accompanying drawing two) and temperature and the length requirement of C section are equally applicable to the relevant position of ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber (4) ' in (accompanying drawing one).
In ' the automatically Monitoring and Controlling subsystem ' that be system disposition, comprised pressure, temperature operational factor in ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' and ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' have been carried out Real-Time Monitoring and signal conversion conveyer; Comprised that the gas composition that hot pyrolysis gas composition and ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, the gasification system ' of ' external heating type heat cracking system ' discharge are discharged carries out on-line real time monitoring, flow accumulation data and signal conversion conveyer; Utilize the scattered control system of network communication to carry out the control of functional module formula, software section has adopted UNLX to develop software and Intouch industrial control software and INFORMIX database management system software, thereby the realization system carries out intelligentized automation control and management in the overall process that starts, moves, shuts down.
Because the symbol that does not have to show these temperature, pressure and gas composition and flow instrument in (accompanying drawing one) is marked work in the very little accompanying drawing of this amplitude, therefore, (accompanying drawing one) is that the present invention does not have the schematic diagram of mark during ' autonomous control subsystem ' element. In order to illustrate ' initiatively security function ' and three sub-systems are how to carry out ' co-ordination ', following in manual mode according to operation sequence and the adjusted iterm of step explanation in start-up course, and adjust later system status parameters, also be to implement automatically unique important parameter of control foundation:
The first step: valves all in the system all is in closed condition;
Second step: open charge door manhole cover (1), start spiral propeller and power transmission (5), in ' destructive distillation, cracking, carbonization chamber ' (4), add pending organic solid waste discarded object raw material by raw materials mouth (2), in water seal tank (3), be full of water after adding raw material, ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' is in finish preparation, etc. air-tight state to be heated.
The 3rd step: open coal gas that ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' produce enter self add the hot cell gas burner cut down door and pipeline (15) and ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' chimney and valve (20)** Open feed(raw material)inlet (13), pack in the inner bag (18) a small amount of charcoal and igniting are closed and airtight (13) after continuing then to fill it up with charcoal;
The 4th step; Make (18) become a gasification furnace take air as gasifying agent in the temperature rise period of system by the method for sending into air from the deslagging outlet (20) of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ', the coal gas that produces enters ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' through (15) and adds hot cell (16) after (17) locate burning, after finishing exchange heat, through (20)**Enter atmosphere;
The 5th step: the charcoal consumption situation in (18) that at any time checks is also in time replenished charcoal, is removed lime-ash. When the temperature of (18) reaches 800 ℃, close (20)**, open (11), open (10), (10)*And adjust its aperture (4) are carried out heat treated, when the temperature of (4) reaches 350 ℃, close and airtight (20) (perhaps with the method for water seal that (20) are airtight, be the water surface of water seal such as (8) among the figure), the automatic electric-heating system (20) of startup ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '*, the temperature of keeping (18) is controlled in 800～950 ℃ the scope.
According to the raw material type and the quantity that add (4), according to the heat penetration time of (4) Raw, at any time start (5) and fill into new raw material.
Be in operation, if (20)*The temperature of (18) should autoshutdown (5), simultaneously utilization (20) owing to unexpected reason has been lower than 800 ℃ after stopping transport*Autostart function, continue to keep the running temperature of (18) in the processing of finishing organic solid waste discarded object raw material residual in (4) under 〉=800 ℃ the state to (18) supply heat energy.
The 6th step: along with the rising of whole system temperature, regulate (15) and (10)*Aperture, make the temperature maintenance of (18) under 800～950 ℃ precondition, keep the temperature of (4) in 350～650 ℃ scope;
In the process of adjusting or after adjusting, if temperature (18) reaches 1000 ℃, then should automatically open and adjust pipeline and the valve (14) of the residual gas outside supply of coal gas beyond self needs of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' generation and outside system, supply unnecessary coal gas.
The 7th step: kept for the ' the 6th step ' result that adjusts moves continuously, until when needing shutdown.
The 8th step: shutdown. Check (4) and determine that wherein not existed pending material--to close (11)--makes water-filling in (9), finishes tight water seal--closing whole valves----cut off the electricity supply.
By the narration of above specific operation process, can know that the present invention is for the standard of guarantee administering the organic solid waste discarded object and can reach " innoxious, resource, minimizing ", the combination work system that has a cover " to have initiatively security function ". Its ' initiatively security function ' is embodied in fully:
1. only when the temperature of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' inner bag (18) is able to make 800 ℃ of the minimum temperatures of ' thermal cracking ' gaseous products harmless treatment to require, system just can open the valve (10) that ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' leads to the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ', just can begin ' external heating type heat cracking subsystem ' heated. This just guaranteed ' thermal cracking ' if gaseous products produced, just can have been processed by ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem ' ' innoxious '. And if the temperature of (18) has been when being lower than suddenly 800 ℃ for some reason in the course of the work, system can start (20) again automatically*The temperature of keeping (18) is not less than 800 ℃ basic demand.
2. design the automatic electric-heating system (20) of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem '*During the space size controlled, should satisfy when temperature is controlled in 920 ± 15 ℃, at least can guarantee that the gaseous products processed by ' innoxious ' can stop requirement more than one second in this stage, in this case, all gaseous products that all ' external heating type heat cracking subsystems ' produce all must by being in the i.e. automatically controlled part of ' external-heat catalysis, reduction, the gasification subsystem ' under the hot conditions more than 900 ℃ of same high temperature, can not produce because the working of a furnace changes and omit or process the inhomogeneous phenomenon of ' innoxious ' quality.
Even 3. there be a small amount of ' dioxin ' to sneak into the final coal gas product from other channel, can also by the method for control gas-fired temperature ≮ 1200 ℃, thoroughly eliminate.
4. because ' negative pressure ' of native system is because the draft formed ' negative pressure ' of chimney (12) or when using vacuum pump outwards to extract coal gas formed ' negative pressure ', whole system is the state work that is in ' negative pressure ' or ' little negative pressure ' when therefore, having guaranteed in working order.Though the size of this ' little negative pressure ' only has a direct impact for the air quantity that enters in the coal gas,, system can never reveal any undressed pernicious gas to environment, also can not work the mischief to environment.
The specific embodiment
Use the present invention can produce, make a series of specification differences, administer different equipment or the devices of object.But no matter create any equipment, its most rational working system obviously is ' continuous duty ', this can so that the energy conversion efficiency of system reach the highest.
It below is several specific embodiment of the present invention.For the convenience on narrating, be summarized as follows with the method for form:
Several specific embodiment of " method that the organic solid waste discarded object is innoxious, resource, minimizing are administered "
| Objective for implementation | The material of being administered | Major product | Need the capital equipment and the device that are equipped with in addition | The specific embodiment |
| Small-sized medical waste treatment facility | Various medical wastes | Coal gas heat energy | Small-sized drinking water boiler room or shower sanitary installation; | Can directly implement according to " accompanying drawing one ".When scale was bigger, after the coal gas of high temperature that (18) can be produced directly pass through gas heat use device, coal gas post-processing purifying system, coal gas storage device, a part of cooled coal gas wherein turned back to gas burner (17) again and uses.Other cooled coal gas part is directly sent into the fuel gas generation system, be converted into electric power after, supply society. |
| Large and medium-sized medical waste treatment facility | Various (medical treatment+life) rubbish | Coal gas heat energy |
1. gas heat use device; 2. gas cleaning system; 3. coal gas storage device and user's delivery system; 4. gas to generate electricity, distribution, electric power system. |
| The centralized treatment of urban garbage center | Organic part and various biomass energy source material in the municipal refuse | |||
| Administer high-concentration waste liquid and the organic waste matter that discharge in paper mill (brewery, sugar refinery) | High-concentration waste liquid and organic waste matter | Coal gas heat |
1. high-concentration waste liquid and organic waste matter preparatory processing, moulding, nature/artificial drying device; 2. gas purification, storage device and user's delivery system; 3. charcoal forming processing device; 4. NaOH retracting device. | Use (accompanying drawing one) or (accompanying drawing two) in corresponding factory, implement in conjunction with the cleaner production of enterprise. |
| Construction of rural biomass energy supply station | Various biomass energy source materials | Coal gas heat energy charcoal |
1. gas heat use device; 2. gas cleaning system; 3. coal gas storage device and user's delivery system; 4. charcoal forming processing device; 5. gas to generate electricity, distribution, electric power system. | Use (accompanying drawing two) both can in " straw is concentrated the gasification supply station " of having built, use, also can use this technology to build fully novel＜countryside biomass energy source supply station, rural area again 〉. |
Reference:
(1), " Guangzhou energy institute " 863 " project is by national acceptance ", carry
Http:// www.giec.ac.cn/giec/news/2005/200512/2005120604.htm
(2), " China biomass energy utilization technologies prospect ", carry " Chinese clean coal technology net " on June 30th, 2005
Claims (1)
1. the organic solid waste discarded object is carried out a kind of method that " innoxious, resource, minimizing " administers, it is characterized in that this method is to be reached by the method that the cover that following three groups of subsystems become has continuous pyrolysis, charing, catalytic pyrolysis, reduction, gasification and the initiatively work in combination system coordination work of the equipment of security function the organic solid waste discarded object is carried out " innoxious, resource, minimizing " to administer:
(1), one is " external heating type heat cracking subsystem ": this " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " is by organic solid waste discarded object raw materials saliva capping (1), organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouth (2), organic solid waste discarded object raw materials mouth water seal tank (3), " destructive distillation; cracking; carbonization chamber " (4), spiral propeller that organic solid waste discarded object raw materials is used and power speed changing device (5), heating clamber (6), the shell of heating clamber and heat-insulation layer (6) *, the carbon residue that " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " produces enters the passage (7) of a sealing of water seal tank (9) when discharging " destructive distillation; cracking; carbonization chamber ", the water surface (8) of water seal tank (9), water seal tank (9), the original hot pyrolysis gas that " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " produces lead to valve and pipeline (11) and " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " chimney (12) composition of " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " inner bag;
Described " destructive distillation; cracking; carbonization chamber " (4) are tubulose, described " destructive distillation; cracking; carbonization chamber " (4) are single or many, and can externally heat with sealing condition and add the organic solid waste waste material down continuously, described heating clamber (6) is the external heat device, described " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " by " automatic monitoring system subsystem " or Artificial Control in 300～650 ℃ temperature range and suitable pressure for finishing the pyrolysis of raw material under the micro-vacuum state of-100～0Pa continuously, charing and the hot pyrolysis gas that produces all is drained in the next one " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " further processes processing, with charing charcoal or the residual residue that produces of gasification back under airtight condition, be discharged to the external world continuously, described hot pyrolysis gas includes wood tar steam, CO
2, H
2O gas;
(2), one is " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem ": this " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " is by water seal tank (9), " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " leads to the valve (10) of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of " external heating type heat cracking subsystem ", the feed(raw material)inlet (13) of " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem ", " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " outer heating clamber (16), gas burner (17), " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " inner bag (18), " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem " ash discharge slag device (19), the deslagging outlet (20) of " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem ", automatic electric heating system (20) * and " the external-heat catalysis; reduction of " external-heat catalysis; reduction; gasification subsystem ", the gasification subsystem " chimney and valve (20) * * composition;
Described " external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem " externally heat and the condition of sealing under the whole hot pyrolysis gas that can continuously " external heating type heat cracking subsystem " be sent here be full of by inside and have with charcoal or be mixed with the charcoal of dolomite, calcium oxide " external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem " inner bag (18) as catalyst;
Described " external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem " outer heating clamber (16) is the external heat device, described " external-heat catalysis, reduction, gasification subsystem " by " automatic monitoring system subsystem " or Artificial Control in 800～950 ℃ scope and suitable pressure be-500～-negative pressure state of 50Pa under pressure finish hot pyrolysis gas in wood tar steam, CO
2, H
2The catalysis of O gas, reduction, gasification process become 800～950 ℃ high-temperature fuel gas, then, these high-temperature fuel gas of output are sent into the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN and the after-treatment device of combustion gas and handled, the charcoal residue of finishing catalytic reaction is discharged to the external world continuously under airtight condition;
(3), implement " automatic monitoring system subsystem " by computer network platform for one: this " automatic monitoring system subsystem " is according to the pressure detecting that is equipped with in above-mentioned two subsystems, temperature detection, the hot pyrolysis gas that produces and/or the on-line real time monitoring and the flow accumulation data of gas composition, utilize the scattered control system of network communication to carry out the control of functional module formula, software section has adopted UNIX to develop software and Intouch industrial control software and INFORMIX database management system software, and whole system is being started, work, carry out the automation control and management system of intelligent management in the overall process of shutdown.
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| CN2006100038983A CN1951586B (en) | 2005-02-06 | 2006-02-05 | Method for innocuity, resource utilization and decrement Processing Of Organic Garbage |
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| CN200510052337.8 | 2005-02-06 | ||
| CN 200510052337 CN1657190A (en) | 2005-02-06 | 2005-02-06 | Method of harmless, resource protection, decrement treatment of organic garbage waste material |
| CN2006100038983A CN1951586B (en) | 2005-02-06 | 2006-02-05 | Method for innocuity, resource utilization and decrement Processing Of Organic Garbage |
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| CN101433904B (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-09-22 | 深圳开普蓝生能源环保有限公司 | Processing technique for energy sources regeneration of urban domestic garbage and non-waste comprehensive utilization |
| CN101747943B (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2013-01-16 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method by utilizing livestock manure to produce hydrogenous gas and other products in a step-by-step thermal decomposition way and device |
| CN102145343B (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-04-03 | 章大明 | Integrated garbage treatment and utilization method for effectively controlling dioxin |
| CN103128093B (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2015-07-08 | 仇峰 | Urban garbage treating method |
| CN103725902B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-09-30 | 内蒙古科技大学 | The method of niobium in Bayan Obo breeze is extracted in biomass gasified gas reduction |
| CN105675794B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-09-29 | 姚姝 | A kind of devices and methods therefor of rubbish catalytic cracking of tar catalyst activity test |
| CN108046907A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 深圳市固废环保科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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