CN1418738A - Method and equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of solid wastes - Google Patents
Method and equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of solid wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN1418738A CN1418738A CN02156590A CN02156590A CN1418738A CN 1418738 A CN1418738 A CN 1418738A CN 02156590 A CN02156590 A CN 02156590A CN 02156590 A CN02156590 A CN 02156590A CN 1418738 A CN1418738 A CN 1418738A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses an equipment for treating solid wastes by using pyrolytic decomposition technology and its method. Said equipment mainly includes main body reaction furnace and gas reaction furnace connected with said main body reaction furnace, and makes the solid wastes undergo the processes of drying, pyrolytic decompositino and gasification so as to obtain fuel gas and residual 5-10% of solid discharged material which can be used as flowers and plant cultivation soil. Said invention has no need of sorting all the solid wastes or pretreating, its lowest pyrolysis temp. is above 400 deg.C, and said pyrolysis process is made in anoxybiotic condition, so that it does not produce dioxaen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and equipmentfor treating solid waste, in particular to a method and equipment for treating solid waste by utilizing a pyrolysis gasification technology.
Background
The progress of civilization and the development of industry have met many of the human needs in life, but have also produced a lot of waste that has been discarded by human use. The solid waste comprises municipal solid waste, medical and sanitary waste, industrial waste and other waste products with fuel value. The original treatment method is dumping and landfill, and is not ideal from the aspects of environmental protection and resource recycling; the technology of sanitary landfill treatment is developed, and the problems of environmental problems and comprehensive utilization of resources are still not well solved. Composting eliminates waste through microbial action, but has strict requirements on the components of the waste, and the waste components in a non-food chain cannot be treated. The problems of tail gas pollution and dioxin of the waste incineration technology are very obvious and are unacceptable to the environment; these conventional methods are not suitable for hazardous waste, such as medical and health waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for treating solid waste, which can realize reclamation, reduction and harmlessness in order to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the solid waste gas treatment equipment comprises a main body furnace, wherein a stirrer is arranged at the center of the top of the main body furnace, a feeding device is arranged on the side wall of a furnace body of the main body furnace, a spiral propeller isarranged in the middle of the inside of the furnace body, one end of the spiral propeller is connected with a hopper outside the furnace wall, the hopper is connected with a mechanical grate in the furnace body, the mechanical grate is arranged at the middle lower part of the inside of the furnace body, and an air blower is arranged outside the bottom of the furnace body and connected with the furnace body;
the other end of the spiral propeller is connected with the gas reaction furnace, a stirrer is arranged at the center of the top of the gas reaction furnace, a heat supply, air supply and water adding device is arranged at the inner lower part of the gas reaction furnace, a fan is connected with the heating chamber through a valve, a water pump is connected with the heating chamber through a valve, a heater is arranged in the heating chamber, spray holes are formed in the upper surface of the heater, and the propeller is arranged at the bottom of the gas reaction furnace;
a flue is arranged below the spiral propeller in the main reaction furnace, the other end of the flue is connected with a heating chamber of the heat supply and air supply device, and the other end of the flue is connected with a material balance pipe between the two furnace bodies;
an air pipe is arranged at the upper end inside the main furnace body, and one end of the air pipe is connected with a condensation purifier outside the furnace body;
and an air pipe is arranged at the upper end inside the gas reaction furnace, and one end of the air pipe is connected with the condensation purifier outside the furnace body.
The stirrer of the solid waste gas treatment device is provided with a hydraulic transmission or a mechanical device.
The invention also provides a method for using the solid waste treatment equipment, whichcomprises the following steps:
(1) solid waste enters the main furnace through the feeding device;
(2) burning coal on the mechanical fire grate under the action of an air blower;
(3) forming a uniform material layer by the solid waste under the action of a spiral stirrer;
(4) pyrolyzing the solid waste gas to form material carbon and pyrolysis gas;
(5) gas generated by pyrolysis and gas volatilized in the process are output through a condensation purifier;
(6) feeding the carbon material formed after pyrolysis into a gas reaction furnace and a hopper through a screw propeller;
(7) the material carbon fed into the gas reaction furnace forms a uniform material layer under the action of a stirrer;
(8) the heat supply, air supply and water adding device feeds heat, water vapor and oxygen to continuously provide heat and reactants required by pyrolysis;
(9) gas produced by the reaction of the gas reaction furnace passes through a condensation purifier;
(10) the material carbon fed into the hopper in the step (6) enters a mechanical grate to be combusted, so that the original coal fuel is replaced, and heat required by pyrolysis is continuously provided;
(11) under the action of the blower, the carbon in the mechanical grate is fully combusted;
(12) the flue gas enters a heat supply, air supply and water adding device through a flue after combustion;
(13) combustible gas generated after reaction is output through a condensation purifier;
(14) the garbage ash after the mechanical grate material carbon is combusted is discharged from the grate, and thegarbage ash of the gas reaction furnace is discharged from the propeller.
The solid waste treatment method has the pyrolysis temperature of less than 400 ℃ and the gasification reaction temperature of 500-900 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pyrolysis treatment technology decomposes the solid waste with a fuel value into combustible gas through the pyrolysis treatment technology, and the combustible gas can be used as clean energy for energy consumption equipment; the remaining 5-10% of the solid waste is used as soil for cultivating flowers and plants.
2. The treated objects are not classified or pretreated, no pollutant is discharged in the treatment process, and the treatment results of resource utilization, reduction and harmlessness are really realized.
3. The pyrolysis process is operated under the anoxic condition, the minimum pyrolysis temperature is higher than 400 ℃, so that the condition of generating dioxin is avoided, and harmless treatment can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1: solid waste pyrolysis gasification device diagram
In the figure: 1: a feeding device; 2: a main furnace; 3: a helical agitator; 4: a high temperature combustion chamber; 5: a condensation purifier; 6: the screw propeller 7: a gas reaction furnace; 8: a helical agitator; 9: a hopper; 10: a mechanical grate; 11: an air blower; 12: an air distribution chamber; 13: a material ash outlet; 14: a flue; 15: heat supply air supply water filling device: 16: an air tube; 17: a material balance pipe; 19: a propeller; 20: trachea 20
Detailed Description
The pyrolysis technology is a relatively ideal garbage treatment mode, the garbage does not need to be classified, germs can be killed in the high-temperature treatment process, no pollutant is discharged in the treatment process, useful resources can be recycled, and the defects in the traditional treatment mode are overcome.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Solid waste enters the main body furnace 2 from a feeding device 1 connected to the upper end of the side wall of the main body furnace 2, and fills a space formed by the mechanical grate 10 and the main body furnace 2. The spiral stirrer 3 at the center of the top of the main furnace 2 can move up and down by means of a hydraulic device, and an even material layer is formed under the action of the spiral stirrer 3 which can move up and down, so that the material pyrolysis reaction can be fully and evenly carried out.
The mechanical fire grate is arranged at the middle lower part in the main furnace body, coal is combusted in the mechanical fire grate to generate heat, so that materials in the furnace body are preheated, moisture of the materials is evaporated when the temperature is lower than 250 ℃, organic substances of the materials start to be pyrolyzed when the temperature is close to 400 ℃, and pyrolysis gas taking hydrocarbon as a main body is generated. In the process, volatile organic acid tar and the like are mixed, so that the combustible components of the pyrolysis gas are increased continuously, the pyrolysis gas is a fuel gas part with high heat value, enters the condensation purifier 5 through a pipeline 20 in the main furnace 2, and is discharged out of the equipment.
The material is pyrolyzed and gasified for the first time to form partial carbon material, which is pushed to one side by a screw propeller 6 in the middle of the main furnace body 2, and one part of the carbon material is pushed into a gas reaction furnace 7. The screw propeller 6 is connected with the gas reaction furnace 7. The spiral stirrer 8 is arranged at the center of the top of the gas reaction furnace 7, and the spiral stirrer 8 can move up and down through a hydraulic device. Under the action of the spiral stirrer 9, the material carbon forms a uniform layer.
Part of the carbon formed after the first pyrolysis and gasification of the material is pushed to the other side by the screw propeller 6 and enters the hopper 9 on the outer wall of the main furnace body. The hopper 9 is communicated with the mechanical grate 10, and part of the carbon material enters the mechanical grate at the same time. An air blower 11 arranged outside the main furnace body sends air into the main furnace body from the bottom through a pipeline, the air uniformly passes through the fire grate 10 through an air distribution chamber 12, and material carbon on the fire grate 10 is fully combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas so as to keep the temperature of a high-temperature combustion chamber formed between the mechanical fire grate 10 and the spiral propeller 6. When carbon material continuously enters the mechanical grate 10, coal does not need to be fed into the mechanical grate to supply heat required by pyrolysis and gasification. The burnt-out material ash is discharged through the outlet 13.
The middle lower part of the gas reaction furnace 7 is provided with a heat supply, air supply and water adding device, a fan is connected with a heating chamber through a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a valve, the fan supplies air or oxygen to the heating chamber, and the air flow is controlled by the valve; the water pump is connected with the heating chamber through a pipeline, the pipelineis provided with a valve, uniform holes are formed in the surface of a water supply pipeline in the heating chamber, the water pump sends water into the heating chamber through the pipeline, and the water quantity is controlled by the valve; an electric heater is arranged in the heating chamber, and heat is provided by the heater; the gas in the heating chamber is heated into hot air, and the water is evaporated into water vapor; the heating chamber is a closed pipeline, spray holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the pipeline along the radial direction, the number of the spray holes is 30 in three rows, and the diameter of each spray hole is 4 mm. Through the action of the system, hot air containing quantitative water vapor and quantitative heat is sent out from the spray holes in the heating chamber.
High-temperature flue gas generated by full combustion of material carbon enters a heat supply, air supply and water adding device 15 from a flue 14 to keep a high-temperature area in a combustion chamber, and the reaction mechanism is as follows:
the burnt-out material ash is discharged through the outlet 13.
High-temperature flue gas generated by fully burning material carbon enters a heat supply, air supply and water adding system 15 from a flue 14, and the main components of the high-temperature flue gas comprise CO2, H2O and N2A gas. The main reaction mechanism of the high-temperature combustion flue gas above 900 ℃ and the material carbon in the reaction furnace is as follows:
to ensureThe reaction temperature in the main reactor is supplied from a heat supply, air supply and water adding system 15Part of oxygen can make the material carbon in the main reaction furnace produce micro-combustion, the heat produced can ensure the reaction heat required by reaction process, the combustible gas produced after the final main gasification processes of ② and ③ are implemented can be transferred out of the equipment by means of gas pipe 16, the fuel gas component contained in the gasified gas mainly contains CO and H2And the combustible components are discharged out of the equipment after passing through a condenser and a gas purifier 5, and become a gas part with a lower calorific value.
O fed into the reactor2The components are consumed completely in the combustion and subsequent reaction processes, and all the feeding devices and the conveying materials have sealing performance, so that the whole pyrolysis treatment process is carried out in an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient state, and the final temperature of the gasification reaction exceeds 800 ℃, and the reaction condition can stop or greatly reduce the generation of dioxin substances; in addition, the highest treatment temperature of over 800 ℃ can basically kill any pathogenic bacteria, and can decompose generated dioxin substances to achieve harmless treatment effect.
The ash produced by the reactor is removed by the pusher 19.
In order to prevent the reaction materials caused by the overhigh water content of the garbage from being unbalanced, a material balance pipe 17 is specially arranged, so that redundant reaction gases are discharged to the gas condensation purifier 5 and are condensed into liquid water and partial pyrolysis gases.
The solid waste is pyrolyzed, 5-10% of the residue is discharged, the discharge can be simply screened, and renewable materials such as metal, glass and the like can be recycled. Finally, the residual can be simply buried or used as flower and grass cultivation soil, so that the treatment effect of reduction is achieved. After the solid waste is treated by the pyrolysis device, the residual heat is output in a gas mode except that the self-consumed part of heat maintains continuous pyrolysis and is used as clean energy for energy consumption equipment, and 5-10% of discharged material ash is used as flower and plant cultivation soil after being simply screened and the recyclable substances such as metal, glass and the like are removed. The waste material components of pyrolysis have no special requirements, but the content of the soil in the material is less than 20 percent. Because the pyrolysis process is operated under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, the generation of dioxin can be reduced or eliminated, the harmless treatment can be realized, the treatment requirements of resource utilization and reduction are met, and the generated fuel gas can obtain certain economic benefit; if the domestic garbage is treated on site, the transportation cost and the garbage treatment cost of the garbage can be saved, the traffic tension and the secondary pollution caused by transportation are avoided, and obvious social benefits and environmental benefits are generated.
Claims (4)
1. A solid waste gas treatment device comprises a main furnace and is characterized in that a stirrer is arranged at the center of the top of the main furnace, a feeding device is arranged on the side wall of a main furnace body, a spiral propeller is arranged in the middle of the inside of the furnace body, one end of the spiral propeller is connected with a hopper on the outer side of a furnace wall, the hopper is connected with a mechanical grate in the furnace body, the mechanical grate is arrangedat the middle lower part of the inside of the furnace body, and an air blower is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the furnace body and;
the other end of the spiral propeller is connected with the gas reaction furnace, a stirrer is arranged at the center of the top of the gas reaction furnace, a heat supply, air supply and water adding device is arranged at the inner lower part of the gas reaction furnace, a fan is connected with the heating chamber through a valve, a water pump is connected with the heating chamber through a valve, a heater is arranged in the heating chamber, spray holes are formed in the upper surface of the heater, and a propeller is arranged at the bottom of the gas reaction furnace;
a flue is arranged below the spiral propeller in the main reaction furnace, the other end of the flue is connected with a heating chamber of the heat supply and air supply device, and the other end of the flue is connected with a material balance pipe between the two furnace bodies;
an air pipe is arranged at the upper end inside the main furnace body, and one end of the air pipe is connected with a condensation purifier outside the furnace body;
and an air pipe is arranged at the upper end inside the gas reaction furnace, and one end of the air pipe is connected with the condensation purifier outside the furnace body.
2. The solid waste gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said agitator is driven by hydraulic or mechanical means.
3. A method of using the solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) solid waste enters the main furnace through the feeding device;
(2) burning coal on the mechanical fire grate under the action of an air blower;
(3) the solid waste forms a uniform material layer under the action of the spiral stirrer;
(4) pyrolyzing the solid waste gas to form material carbon and pyrolysis gas;
(5) gas generated by pyrolysis and gas volatilized in the process are output through a condensation purifier;
(6) feeding the carbon material formed after pyrolysis into a gas reaction furnace and a hopper through a screw propeller;
(7) the material carbon fed into the gas reaction furnace forms a uniform material layer surface under the action of the stirrer;
(8) the heat supply, air supply and water adding device feeds heat, water vapor and oxygen to continuously provide heat and reactants required by pyrolysis;
(9) gas produced by the reaction of the gas reaction furnace passes through a condensation purifier;
(10) the material carbon fed into the hopper in the step (6) enters a mechanical grate to replace the original coal fuel;
(11) under the action of the blower, the material carbon in the mechanical furnace row is fully combusted, and heat required by pyrolysis is continuously provided;
(12) the flue gas enters a heat supply, air supply and water adding device through a flue after combustion;
(13) combustible gas generated after reaction is output through a condensation purifier;
(14) the garbage ash after the mechanical grate material carbon is combusted is discharged from the grate, and the garbage ash of the reaction furnace is discharged from the propeller.
4. The method for treating solid waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein thepyrolysis temperature is less than 400 ℃ and the gasification reaction temperature is 500 to 900 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN02156590A CN1418738A (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Method and equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of solid wastes |
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| CN02156590A CN1418738A (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Method and equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of solid wastes |
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| CN02156590A Pending CN1418738A (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Method and equipment for pyrolysis and gasification treatment of solid wastes |
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| CN100457657C (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2009-02-04 | 大庆油田创业集团有限公司 | Harmless treatment process and apparatus for oil-containing sludge and sand |
| CN1951586B (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2010-12-01 | 许绍良 | Method for innocuity, resource utilization and decrement Processing Of Organic Garbage |
| CN102515712A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 江苏省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Silt and sludge fired brick sintering method for minimizing harmful tail gas |
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