CN106721079B - Method for preparing corn straw fiber feed - Google Patents

Method for preparing corn straw fiber feed Download PDF

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CN106721079B
CN106721079B CN201611088225.2A CN201611088225A CN106721079B CN 106721079 B CN106721079 B CN 106721079B CN 201611088225 A CN201611088225 A CN 201611088225A CN 106721079 B CN106721079 B CN 106721079B
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filling
corn
actinomycetes
lactobacillus acidophilus
lactococcus lactis
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CN106721079A (en
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庄会双
刁云红
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Jilin Wuheyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing corn straw fiber feed, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar; cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm; spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, treading once after every 50-70cm of filling, and sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time; fermenting for 30-40 days. The invention adopts ensiling, can effectively improve the fermentation quality of the corn straw fiber feed, has high success rate of manufacturing the fiber feed, improves the utilization rate of the corn straw, has simple and easy operation, and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Method for preparing corn straw fiber feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feed. More particularly relates to a method for preparing corn straw fiber feed.
Background
The corn stalk is one of main crop stalks, and the main components of the corn stalk are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, crude protein, inorganic salt, a small amount of sugar, water and the like. The corn straw has high yield and wide source, and is also an important production resource for industry and agriculture.
At present, the development of the Chinese straw production technology and degree is lagged behind the requirement of modern agricultural development so far, and is always in the current situations of high consumption, high pollution and low output. Because the corn stalks have smooth outer skins, hard textures, high crude fiber content and low digestibility, one part of the corn stalks is randomly stacked or burnt, which causes waste. In recent years, with the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, new straw feed processing technologies are also in existence, corn straws are directly fed as feed, and various processing technologies in the aspects of physics, chemistry, biology and the like are popularized and applied in practice, so that centralized large-scale processing is realized, and a new way for feed utilization is developed.
The corn stalk fiber feed producing process includes mainly feed processing, micro storage, ensiling, yellow storage, ammoniation, alkalization, acid storage, saccharification, etc. The silage can improve the utilization rate, has the advantages of considerable benefit and easy mass production, and can be developed as a production process of the corn straw fiber feed.
Therefore, the preparation method capable of effectively improving the fermentation quality of the corn straw fiber feed is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing corn straw fiber feed, which can effectively improve the fermentation quality of the corn straw fiber feed and improve the utilization rate of corn straw.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the ensilage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit to prevent the bottom from being wet and absorb juice pressed down from the upper part; drainage ditches are dug around the ensiling cellar to prevent rainwater from permeating;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing;
4) filling and compacting: when filling, spraying a proper amount of water to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, treading once after filling 50-70cm to reduce the air in a material storage room and exhaust oxygen, and only a small amount of secretable acid-resistant enzyme and flora continue to survive to preserve structural carbohydrate, thereby creating an anaerobic environment for the reproduction of mixed thalli and improving the storage capacity;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Further, the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes in the mixed bacteria agent is 1: (3-5): (1-3), the content of the lactic acid bacteria liquid per milliliter is 1.0-5.0 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis; the lactobacillus acidophilus liquid contains 1.0-5.0 × 10 per ml6(ii) lactobacillus acidophilus; the actinomycete liquid contains 1.0-5.0 × 10 per ml6An actinomycete; 50-80ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
the mixed microbial inoculum is added during straw ensiling, so that fibers which are difficult to digest in the straws can be decomposed under a proper condition, a multi-element and stable microecosystem is formed, plant fiber enzymes can be degraded, the content of mycoprotein is increased, the accumulation of beneficial substances is promoted, the straws can be softened, the taste is changed, the palatability is improved, the processed and modulated straw feed is directly fed to livestock, and the digestibility and the nutritive value are high.
Further, 20-40ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into each 100kg of corn straws; the ammonium tetramate is prepared from formic acid and ammonia water, and has the advantages of improving acidity, reducing water content, gas loss rate and generation of ammonia nitrogen of silage, improving fermentation quality, and prolonging preservation time of silage.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts ensiling, can effectively improve the fermentation quality of the corn straw fiber feed, has high success rate of manufacturing the fiber feed and improves the utilization rate of the corn straw.
2. The extraction method of the invention is simple and easy to operate and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 3: 1;the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 1.0 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 50ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; adding 20ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Example 2 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 5: 3; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 5.0 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; adding 80ml of mixed microbial inoculum into every 100kg of corn straws; adding 40ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Example 3 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 4: 2; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 2.5 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; 30ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 1 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 3: 4; the lactic acid coccus per milliliter, the lactobacillus acidophilus,The actinomycetes bacterial solutions contained 2.5X 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; 30ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 2 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 2: 1; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 2.5 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; 30ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 3 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 1: 1; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 2.5 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; 30ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 4 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the lactococcus lactis to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 1: 4; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis and the lactobacillus acidophilus respectively contains 2.5 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis and acidophilus milkA bacillus; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws; 30ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 5 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes is 1: 4: 2; the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 2.5 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 65ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Comparative example 6 preparation method of corn straw fiber feed
A method for preparing corn straw fiber feed comprises the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
4) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
5) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days.
Experimental example 1 measurement of fermentation quality of corn stalk fiber feed
The crude fiber content of the corn stalk fiber feeds fermented in experimental examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1:
Figure BDA0001168156710000071
as can be seen from the table, the crude fiber content of the corn stalk fiber feeds prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention is significantly reduced compared to the crude fiber content of the corn stalk fiber feeds and raw materials prepared in other groups. And comparative example 1 (distinguished by the ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the actinomycetes by volume of 1: 3: 4 with respect to example 3), comparative example 2 (distinguished by the ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the actinomycetes by volume of 1: 2: 1 with respect to example 3), comparative example 3 (distinguished by the ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the actinomycetes by volume of 1: 1: 1 with respect to example 3), comparative example 4 (distinguished by the ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the lactobacillus acidophilus by volume of 1: 2 with respect to example 3), comparative example 5 (distinguished by the absence of the addition of ammonium tetramate with respect to example 3), comparative example 6 (distinguished by the absence of the addition of the additive mixture and the ammonium tetramate with respect to example 3) produced corn stalk fiber feed having a significantly lower crude fiber content than examples 1 to 3, it is shown that the reduction of the crude fiber content of the corn stalk fiber feed prepared in the embodiments 1-3 of the present invention is a result of the combined action of each microbial inoculum and ammonium tetramate, and in addition, the dosage ratio of each microbial inoculum also has an important influence on the crude fiber content of the feed.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The preparation method of the corn straw fiber feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) treating the silage silo: cleaning the silage pit, and paving broken grass with the thickness of 12-20cm at the bottom of the pit; digging drainage ditches around the ensilage cellar;
2) preparing ensiled straws: cutting the corn straws into small sections of 2-4 cm;
3) adding an additive: spraying a mixed microbial inoculum of lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes on the chopped corn straws, and then adding ammonium tetramate and uniformly mixing;
4) filling and compacting: spraying a proper amount of water during filling to ensure that the water content is 65-75%, and treading once after every 50-70cm of filling;
5) sealing and burying: covering with plastic cloth, and filling with soil, wherein when the raw material sinks and cracks appear on the top and edge of the cellar, the raw material is filled with wet soil in time;
6) fermentation: fermenting for 30-40 days to obtain the final product;
the volume ratio of the bacteria liquid of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes in the mixed bacteria agent is 1: (3-5): (1-3); the bacterial liquid of each milliliter of the lactococcus lactis, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the actinomycetes respectively contains 1.0 to 5.0 multiplied by 106Lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus acidophilus and actinomycetes; 50ml-80ml of mixed microbial inoculum is added into every 100kg of corn straws.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: and 20-40ml of ammonium tetramate with the concentration of 50mg/ml is added into each 100kg of corn straws.
CN201611088225.2A 2016-12-01 2016-12-01 Method for preparing corn straw fiber feed Expired - Fee Related CN106721079B (en)

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