CN104585481A - Method for adding lucid ganoderma to assist fermentation of straw silage feed - Google Patents
Method for adding lucid ganoderma to assist fermentation of straw silage feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104585481A CN104585481A CN201510083142.3A CN201510083142A CN104585481A CN 104585481 A CN104585481 A CN 104585481A CN 201510083142 A CN201510083142 A CN 201510083142A CN 104585481 A CN104585481 A CN 104585481A
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- fermentation
- glossy ganoderma
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adding lucid ganoderma to assist fermentation of a straw silage feed. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing activation and enlarge cultivation of a bacterial strain: inoculating the lucid ganoderma to a fungus solid culture medium, restoring a strain in a flat plate, namely activating for the first time; inoculating the strain which is activated in the flat plate to a fungus liquid culture medium to perform activating for rhe second time to obtain a uniform bacterial suspension; inoculating the bacterial solution which is activated for the second time in a liquid fermentation tank, keeping ventilation, and fermenting to obtain fermentation liquor comprising uniformly suspended hyphae; (2) inoculating and fermenting the straw silage feed: inoculating the fermentation liquor comprising uniformly suspended hyphae into a fermentation substrate of straws, fermenting in a sealing manner, placing for 15-60 days at a normal temperature to obtain the straw silage feed. The method is simple to operate and not high in selectivity to the fermentation substrate; in addition to meeting needs of acidity, straw storage, feeding palatability and the like, the straw silage feed obtained by fermenting further can be used for greatly shortening the fermentation period, reducing the fermentation cost and increasing the nutrients of the straw silage feed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ensilage field, be specifically related to a kind of method of adding glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage.
Background technology
The annual production of world's stalk is about 20-30 hundred million tons, and China produces all kinds of agricultural crop straw about 700,000,000 tons per year, but due to many reasons, the stalk of more than 1/3 goes out of use or directly burns, and while causing Heavy environmental pollution, also result in the great wasting of resources.
Straw contains abundant nutritional labeling, is suitable for Fertilizer Transformed or fodder utilization.Although stalk can Direct-fed livestock, the mouthfeel of stalk own is not good, and nutritive value is not high yet, or does not like searching for food because of the reason livestock such as aging, withered.In its natural state, agricultural crop straw crude protein content is on the low side, is generally 3 ~ 5%, and bad; Crude fiber content is too high, and digestibility is low, and palatability is poor.
Ensilage (silage) is easily by the green grass of oxygen consumption microbial spoilage or the high crop of other water content, is stored in the feed of anaerobic condition modulated through fermentation.The raw material of ensiling can be whole strain crop, also can be plant part.Stalk not only saves fresh and most nutrition of green forage after silage fermentation, and feed also has the wriggling of the tart flavour of fragrance, soft and succulency, the appetite of domestic animal that can stimulate, the secretion of digestive juice and enteron aisle, increase feed intake, improve the digestive utilization ratio of feed.Maize straw feeds sheep without processing, and sheep can only eat leaf, and the utilization rate of stalk only has 25%.Maize straw is made into straw silage when corn is immature, affect the output of iblet, the straw silage cost made is higher, and by the stalk after iblet maturation through processor process again through feed fermentation agent fermentation after, utilization rate can reach 90%, and utilization rate improves greatly.Sheep raising cost can be reduced, effectively solve pen and bring up fertile forage grass problem.
Because in stalk, content of cellulose is too high, cause the feed intake of domestic animal low, the feed intake of ruminant to stalk can be improved by the palatability improving stalk.Up to now, the palatability the improving stalk the most widely practice is the ammonification in chemical method, the ensiling in microbial method and microbial, and wherein most popular is ensiling.
Produce technique many employings spontaneous fermentation mode of ensilage, but the lactic acid bacteria of stalk own is considerably less, the nutritional labeling of self is also limited, cannot ensure that lactic acid bacteria becomes dominant microflora during the fermentation, composition L-lactic acid the most useful in ensilage is not high, therefore the ensilage quality produced is not good.Always more active to the research of ensiling specialist additive both at home and abroad, but add and be limited to the bacterial classification such as aerobic bacteria and facultative lactic acid bacteria more, to improve lactic acid fermented level, to the production cycle of ensilage and the effect of quality improvement unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
Provide hereinafter about brief overview of the present invention, to provide about the basic comprehension in some of the present invention.Should be appreciated that this general introduction is not summarize about exhaustive of the present invention.It is not that intention determines key of the present invention or pith, and nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its object is only provide some concept in simplified form, in this, as the preorder in greater detail discussed after a while.
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, provides one can make full use of the discarded tissue of the agricultural product such as rice straw, shortens fermentation period, strengthen the method for the ensilage of feed nutrient.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Add a method for glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage, comprise the following steps:
(1) bacterial strain activation and expand cultivate:
Glossy ganoderma is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium, in plate, carries out the recovery of bacterial classification, namely once activate; Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in fungi liquid culture medium and carries out second time activation, obtains uniform bacteria suspension; By uniform bacterial suspension inoculation in liquid fermentation tank, keep ventilation, fermentation, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia;
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation:
Be inoculated in the fermentation substrate of stalk by the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia, sealing and fermenting, normal temperature places 15-60 days, opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is inoculated in the auxiliary fermentation carrying out ensilage in stalk by the present invention, and glossy ganoderma can play following effect during the fermentation: 1) produce acid in glossy ganoderma metabolic process, can promote that the acid of feed becomes process, shorten fermentation period; 2) glossy ganoderma is aerobic bacteria, can consume the oxygen in closed environment at growth phase, makes sweat enter lactic fermentation process in advance; 3) glossy ganoderma can metabolism production of cellulose enzyme and zytase, and degradable plant fibre composition, provides glucide, the growth of beneficial bacterium in Promotion system, and can not produce the musty that other fungi fermentations produce; 4) glossy ganoderma itself metabolism can produce GL-B and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes components, can improve the immunity of feeding animals, regulate the lipid-metabolism of animal.Therefore glossy ganoderma ensilage has shortening fermentation period, improves ensilage quality, improves animal immunizing power, improves the advantages such as meat, can become one of approach solving straw utilization problem and feed stripped problem.
The present invention is simple to operate, not selective not high to fermentation substrate, the ensilage that fermentation obtains, except meeting acidity, stalk storage, palatability of feeding etc. and requiring, can also shorten the cycle of fermentation significantly, saves the cost of fermentation, increase the nutrition of ensilage.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, be clearly and completely described below to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.The element described in one embodiment of the invention and feature can combine with the element shown in one or more other embodiment and feature.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of method of adding glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) bacterial strain activation and expand cultivate:
Glossy ganoderma is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium, in plate, carries out the recovery of bacterial classification, namely once activate; Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in fungi liquid culture medium and carries out second time activation, obtains uniform bacteria suspension; By uniform bacterial suspension inoculation in liquid fermentation tank, keep ventilation, fermentation, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia;
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation:
Be inoculated in the fermentation substrate of stalk by the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia, sealing and fermenting, normal temperature places 15-60 days, opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
The culture medium of described step (1) is Potato-dextrose culture medium, potato-SM or macro fungi activation medium.
Preferably, containing glucose 30-40g, peptone 3-7g, yeast extract 1.5-3.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5g in often liter of culture medium, magnesium sulfate 5-10g, Cobastab
10.01-1g, wherein, fungus solids culture medium also needs to add agar powder 120-180g.
Preferably, containing glucose 35g, peptone 5g, yeast extract 2.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g in often liter of culture medium, magnesium sulfate 7.5g, Cobastab
10.05g, solid medium need add agar powder 150g.
Preferably, the described temperature once activated 28 ± 2 DEG C, the activation culture cycle is 3-5 days.
Preferably, the temperature of described re-activation 28 ± 2 DEG C, revolution 150 ± 30rpm, activation, cultivation cycle are 3-5 days.
Preferably, the ratio that described uniform bacteria suspension is 0.5-2% in nutrient solution volume ratio in uniform bacteria suspension and fermentation tank is inoculated in liquid fermentation tank, speed of agitator 200-600rpm (round perminute, rpm), control dissolved oxygen 20-30%, fermentation 5-7 days, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia, pH is 4.5 ± 0.5.
Preferably, the inoculum density of the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia in described step (2) is 1-10%.
Preferably, the stalk water content in described step (2) is 60-75%, and described stalk is rice straw, wheat stalk, beans stalk or grain straw.
Preferably, the fermentation termination pH<4.5 in described step (2).
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Embodiment 1
Add the method for glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation wheat stalk ensilage, comprise the following steps:
(1) bacterial strain activation and expand cultivate:
Glossy ganoderma is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium, in plate, carries out the recovery of bacterial classification, namely once activate, cultivate 3 days for 30 DEG C; Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in 100ml fungi liquid culture medium and carries out second time activation, activation condition 26 DEG C, and revolution 120rpm, cultivates 5 days, obtain uniform bacteria suspension; Uniform bacteria suspension is inoculated in liquid fermentation tank in the ratio that nutrient solution volume ratio in uniform bacteria suspension and fermentation tank is 0.5%, keep ventilation, speed of agitator 200-600rpm (rotating speed association dissolved oxygen), control dissolved oxygen 30%, ferment 6 days, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia of pH 4.5 ± 0.5;
Containing glucose 30g, peptone 7g, yeast extract 1.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g in often liter of fungus solids culture medium, magnesium sulfate 5g, Cobastab
11g, agar powder 120g.
Containing glucose 30g, peptone 7g, yeast extract 3.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g in often liter of fungi liquid culture medium, magnesium sulfate 5g, Cobastab
11g, wherein, fungus solids culture medium also needs to add agar powder 120-180g.
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation:
By the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia according to wheat stalk quality 1%, 5%, it is in the fermentation substrate of the wheat stalk of 60% that the ratio uniform of 10% is inoculated in water content, sealing and fermenting, and normal temperature places 15 days, opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
Embodiment 2
Glossy ganoderma adds process and the quality control of assisted fermentation rice straw ensilage
(1) activation and expanding of bacterial strain is cultivated: lucidum strain is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium (often liter containing glucose 35g, peptone 5g, yeast extract 2.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 7.5g, Cobastab
10.05g, agar powder 150g), in plate, carry out the recovery (namely once activating) of bacterial classification, cultivate 3 days for 28 DEG C.Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in 100ml fungi liquid culture medium, and (often liter contains glucose 35g, peptone 5g, yeast extract 2.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 7.5g, Cobastab
10.05g) carry out second time activation, activation condition 28 DEG C, 150rpm cultivates 3 days, obtains uniform bacteria suspension.Uniform bacteria suspension is inoculated in liquid fermentation tank in the ratio that nutrient solution volume ratio in uniform bacteria suspension and fermentation tank is 1%, keep ventilation, speed of agitator 200-500rpm (rotating speed association dissolved oxygen, control dissolved oxygen in sweat and be not less than 30%), ferment 5 days, obtain the zymotic fluid (pH 4.5 ± 0.5) containing even suspension mycelia, dry cell weight reaches 8-9g/L.
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation: will containing the zymotic fluid of even suspension mycelia according to maize straw weight 1%, 5%, it is (inoculative proportion is different because of factors such as stalk kind, growth phase, moisture, yeasting temperature) in the rice straw of 75% that the ratio uniform of 10% is inoculated in water content, sealing and fermenting, normal temperature is placed 45 days (10-20 DEG C), opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
Feed after opening is bright in colour, and the matter structure of original stalk keeps good, has pure and fresh tart flavour, moisture 75%, acidity pH 5.0 ± 0.5.
Embodiment 3
Add the method for glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation cornstalk silage, comprise the following steps:
(1) bacterial strain activation and expand cultivate:
Glossy ganoderma is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium, in plate, carries out the recovery of bacterial classification, namely once activate, cultivate 5 days for 26 DEG C; Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in 100ml fungi liquid culture medium and carries out second time activation, activation condition 30 DEG C, and revolution 180rpm, cultivates 3 days, obtain uniform bacteria suspension; Uniform bacteria suspension is inoculated in liquid fermentation tank in the ratio that nutrient solution volume ratio in uniform bacteria suspension and fermentation tank is 2%, keep ventilation, speed of agitator 200-600rpm (rotating speed association dissolved oxygen), control dissolved oxygen 20%, ferment 7 days, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia of pH 4.5 ± 0.5;
Containing glucose 40g, peptone 3g, yeast extract 3.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5g in often liter of fungus solids culture medium, magnesium sulfate 10g, Cobastab
10.01g, agar powder 180g.
Containing glucose 40g, peptone 3g, yeast extract 1.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5g in often liter of fungi liquid culture medium, magnesium sulfate 10g, Cobastab
10.01g, wherein, fungus solids culture medium also needs to add agar powder 120-180g.
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation:
By the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia according to zymotic fluid: maize straw is 2%, 4%, and it is in the fermentation substrate of the maize straw of 65% that the part by weight of 8% is evenly inoculated in water content, sealing and fermenting, and normal temperature places 60 days, opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. add a method for glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) bacterial strain activation and expand cultivate:
Glossy ganoderma is inoculated in fungus solids culture medium, in plate, carries out the recovery of bacterial classification, namely once activate; Bacterium after ware of making even activation is inoculated in fungi liquid culture medium and carries out second time activation, obtains uniform bacteria suspension; By uniform bacterial suspension inoculation in liquid fermentation tank, keep ventilation, fermentation, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia;
(2) inoculation of ensilage and fermentation:
Be inoculated in the fermentation substrate of stalk by the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia, sealing and fermenting, normal temperature places 15-60 days, opens bag and namely obtains glossy ganoderma ensilage.
2. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The culture medium of described step (1) is Potato-dextrose culture medium, potato-SM or macro fungi activation medium.
3. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 2, is characterized in that: containing glucose 30-40g, peptone 3-7g, yeast extract 1.5-3.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1.5g in often liter of culture medium, magnesium sulfate 5-10g, Cobastab
10.01-1g, wherein, fungus solids culture medium also needs to add agar powder 120-180g.
4. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, containing glucose 35g, peptone 5g, yeast extract 2.5g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g in often liter of culture medium, and magnesium sulfate 7.5g, Cobastab
10.05g, solid medium need add agar powder 150g.
5. the method for the interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that:
The described temperature once activated 28 ± 2 DEG C, the activation culture cycle is 3-5 days.
6. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 5, is characterized in that:
The temperature of described re-activation 28 ± 2 DEG C, rotating speed 150 ± 30rpm, activation, cultivation cycle are 3-5 days.
7. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described uniform bacteria suspension is inoculated in liquid fermentation tank in the ratio of nutrient solution volume 0.5-2% in uniform bacteria suspension and fermentation tank, speed of agitator 200-600rpm, controls dissolved oxygen 20-30%, fermentation 5-7 days, obtain the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia, pH is 4.5 ± 0.5.
8. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 7, is characterized in that:
The inoculum density of the zymotic fluid containing even suspension mycelia in described step (2) is 1-10%.
9. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 8, is characterized in that:
Stalk water content in described step (2) is 60-75%, and described stalk is rice straw, wheat stalk, maize straw, beans stalk or grain straw.
10. the method for interpolation glossy ganoderma assisted fermentation straw silage according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
Fermentation termination pH<4.5 in described step (2).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108522800A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-14 | 天津大学 | A kind of green feed and preparation method based on stalk and fungi |
| CN108783022A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-13 | 贵州灵康士生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composition for cattle breeding |
| CN115191515A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-18 | 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed |
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| CN101946853A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-19 | 天津农学院 | Method for preparing silage feed by fermenting straw through composite microbes |
| CN102907572A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-06 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Banana silage microbial additive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101455274A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-17 | 江南大学 | Method for producing feedstuff containing ganoderma lucidum active ingredient and feedstuff using ganoderma lucidum liquid fermentation liquid |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108522800A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-14 | 天津大学 | A kind of green feed and preparation method based on stalk and fungi |
| CN108783022A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-13 | 贵州灵康士生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composition for cattle breeding |
| CN115191515A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-18 | 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed |
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