CN106717844A - A kind of implantation methods of strawberry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of strawberry, it is characterised in that (1) nurturing staff, typically at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March；(2) soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, ploughs deeply and rakes, and uniformly admixes；(3) furrow are finely done, absorb water saturation；(4) tissue culture virus-free strawberry seedling；(5) typically transplanted at the beginning of September by the end of August；(6) October spread weep pipe, cover mulch film and awning film, canopy temperature control system：In 25 28 DEG C of squaring period, yield positive results 24 26 DEG C of phase, night is not less than 5 DEG C；(7) rationally topdress, just the flowers are in blossom begins to place honey bees pollination；(8) it is put into soil using rice chaff to ferment, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；Plucked when (9) 80 90% strawberry fruit is red.The reasonable science of strawberry cultivation method of the invention, to strawberry cultivating preventive effect significantly, can increase Yield of Strawberry.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of strawberry

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of strawberry.

Background technology

China is a populous nation, and with the continuous improvement of living standards of the people, the quantitative requirement to fruit is also more next It is more.The Fragaria rose family, Fragaria herbaceos perennial, its berry is that nutritive value extremely enriches, and economic worth is very high Wait fruit, have the title of " fruit queen ", it is not only containing the vitamin than high ten times of other fruit and contained in fruit Ellagic acid has anticancer effect, therefore in very great demand in European ＆ American Market, and price is five times of apple, two times of grape, still for not Should ask.Japan, Southeast Asia and American-European countries are required from up to ten thousand tons of quick-frozen strawberries of the annual import of China, are that China uniquely exports Fruit.So greatly develop China's strawberry production, it will be the weight of poverty alleviation of benefiting the nation and the people, produce to meet growing demand for exports Want behave.For a long time, although the aspects such as Yield of Strawberry, fruit size and quality have been improved by conventional breeding, but plant Training strawberry is the miscellaneous and body of height, there is polyploidy in heredity again, therefore this improvement is slow, is also limited.Meanwhile, The incompatibility of distant hybridization and limited genetic resources also counteracts that the process of conventional cross-breeding, especially cultivate disease-resistant The strawberry cultivars such as malicious, antimycotic, antiweed, degeneration-resistant border, storage endurance aspect, is all difficult to reality because can not find suitable parent It is existing.And to solve long-term problems faced on these strawberry productions, it is necessary to breeder opens up technical strategies, creates New breeding methods.Therefore, in order to expand strawberry market share amount, low cost, high-quality and high benefit are pursued, develops new numerous Mode is educated, it has also become the hot issue of current strawberry market development, with cell engineering means, by method for plant tissue culture Quick breeding strawberry, hybrid vigor fixing keeps varietY specificity, in practice it has proved that be feasible.It is organized in properly using strawberry Culture medium on bred in vitro, can accelerate variety breeding speed, expand introduces a collection production, keep the proterties of improved seeds, use Less to obtain space, less individual and less time can be obtained and largely regenerate nontoxic seedling with parental plant identical in heredity, and this is numerous Grow the industrialized development that mode is strawberry and opened up an effective way, its Social benefit and economic benefit is huge.

We on the basis of analyzing, studying domestic and international strawberry achievement in research, systematically have studied plant through years Thing histocyte culture technique is applied to theory, technique and the feasibility of strawberry production, including from material selectively, explant lures Lead, the process such as high frequency regeneration and field planting, complete laboratory and pilot scale research, have more next step industrialization and be of practical significance, And for this is provided may be with guarantee.

The content of the invention

The invention reside in a kind of implantation methods of strawberry of offer, it is therefore an objective to improve and cultivate strawberry production rate, reach product Industry level, sets up a kind of implantation methods of strawberry of high-frequency stabilization system.To realize the purpose of the present invention, using following technologies Scheme：

1st, nurturing staff.By the end of March, nursery field is built at the beginning of 4 months, mu plants 600-700 plants of female parent seedling, and organic fertilizer, every mu are fitted in nursery field 1000 kilograms, preventing disease pest control is carried out, often carry out weeding；April carries out sunshading and temperature reducing, meets the timely drought resisting of watering of drought.

In addition to it can be decomposed by the microorganisms and discharge nutrient by Root Absorption, it can also improve the knot of soil to organic fertilizer Structure, increases the retain water and nutrients and transparent performance of soil；Organic fertilizer species is a lot, is generally divided into animality organic fertilizer and vegetalitas Organic fertilizer this two major class；Now main several organic fertilizers are described below：A, barnyard manure：That is the excrement of domestic animal, and miscellaneous eat surplus Forage grass or feed, with nitrogenous for many, also there is certain phosphorus and potassium.B, chicken and duck excrement：Chicken and duck excrement and other poultry dungs are phosphate fertilizer Main source, is suitable for all kinds of flowers, is particularly suitable for sight fruit flowers and uses.C, plant ash：The ash that deadwood weeds etc. are burnt till, contains Potassium is more, is the main source of potash fertilizer, belongs to alkaline fertilizer.D, peanut press pulp or peanut cake：It is nitrogenous more, also phosphorous and potassium, than Animal wastes clean hygiene.E, bone meal：It is one of main source of phosphate fertilizer.

As long as often noting collecting in fact, there are many things to produce organic fertilizer；Such as dish leaf, beans shell, melon and fruit peel Can be put into cylinder altar, seal, be exactly good fertilizer after being rotted through fermentation in 2~3 months；Rotten soya bean, shelled peanut etc. After being cooked, and fish guts, fish-bone etc., it is placed in cylinder after the fermentation that adds water rots, can also turns into efficient, N-P-K content not low High-quality organic fertilizer；Necessarily it is noted that could be used after only becoming thoroughly decomposed.

2nd, base manure is used sufficient.Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation is wanted before transplanting, based on soil testing, according to greenhouse strawberry regulation of fertilizer requirement, soil Earth nutrient-supply capacity and fertilizer effect, 200 kilograms of every mu 3000-4000 kilograms of organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer fermentation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, 20 kilograms of 25 kilograms of composite fertilizer, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, soil deep tillage are raked, then fertilizer is uniformly admixed into soil In.

3rd, furrow are finely done.6 meters of greenhouses wide, do 7 furrow into small high ridge, 30 centimetres of height, 85 centimetres of furrow, bottom of trench 20 Centimetre, 65 centimetres of furrow bottom, 30-40 centimetres of furrow face is filled with enough water in canopy all around ditch and canopy, makes soil water sorption saturation in canopy.

4th, tissue culture virus-free strawberry seedling.By detoxification detection and tissue culture to strawberry, using heat treating process detoxification, plant graft Method detection, the technology that tissue-culturing rapid propagation is carried out with the stem apex of detoxic seedling, can make tissue-cultured seedling 100% virus-free, explant survival rate Up to 80%, planting percent more than 90%.

5th, transplant in good time.Typically transplanted at the beginning of September by the end of August, to rob cloudy low temperature and transplant, accomplish not bury the heart deeply, it is shallow Crab rooting, does not pour moisture after cultivation.

6th, managed after planting.Watered in time after cultivation, extract old leaf, yellow leaf, sick leaf and the new Portugal's volt stem extracted out；October spreads Weep pipe, covers mulch film and awning film, canopy temperature control system：In 25-28 DEG C of squaring period, yield positive results 24-26 DEG C of phase, night is not less than 5 ℃。

7th, rationally topdress.Chase after disposable fertilizer after waking up, disposable fertilizer chased after again before paving weep pipe and lid mulch film, separately the phase of yielding positive results chase after 3-4 fertilizer, each topdressing amount：Every mu 10-15 kilograms of composite fertilizer, just the flowers are in blossom, and beginning placement honeybee is pollinated, and reduces deformity really, Typically place one case honeybee in the canopy of a 250m2 or so, by honey bees pollination, strawberry fruit shape is neat, uniform coloring, surface Color and luster is red gorgeous；It can in addition contain increase the income of honey.

8th, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Controlling underground pest, with phoxim pesticide or biological pesticide etc. typically before transplanting；But we A kind of method of simple and practical killing germ is employed, is also consumption soil after rice chaff is exactly put into soil, while fermentation The process of air in earth, makes soil cause a state for anoxic, the long-term pathogen adapted under the conditions of drought life, free due to not being Gas and can not survive；Additionally, heat can be produced while fermentation, add ground surface and be coated with film, the summer heat spoke of high temperature Penetrate few, the soil moisture is up to more than 60 DEG C under causing film, the critical of 55 DEG C of pathogen existence limit high temperature is breached, so as to reach Kill the purpose of germ；Rice chaff is in soil by the hot fermentation of summer, the fully corruption until September part plantation strawberry Maturation high-efficiency organic fertilizer；Contain 13.9 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 26.8 kilograms of pure phosphorus, 9.1 kilograms of pure potassium, basic energy in 500 kilograms of rice chaff The nutritional need in strawberry all one's life is met, by film covering, soil high-temperature treatment, moreover it is possible to kill the weeds in soil, prevent Alien Weeds seed it is incoming, eliminate strawberry plantation after weeding recruitment.

9th, timely collecting.Until plucked when the strawberry fruit of 80-90% is red.

Verify that strawberry cultivation method of the invention is scientific and reasonable by actual plantation, to strawberry cultivating preventive effect significantly, can make Yield of Strawberry increase, with tradition plantation compared with, save topdress, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding and kill germ expense, also add in addition The close income of honeybee, makes Planting household in the income of plantation strawberry and the double interests for improving, so protecting Planting household of labor service, ensures again The sound development of Strawberry industry.

Specific embodiment

The purpose of the present invention is to improve to cultivate strawberry production rate, reaches industrialization level, sets up high-frequency stabilization system A kind of strawberry implantation methods, it is characterized in that：1st, nurturing staff, typically at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March；2nd, base manure is used sufficient, soil application is surveyed Fertilizer, based on soil testing, according to greenhouse strawberry regulation of fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, soil deep tillage is raked, Uniformly admix；3rd, furrow are finely done, makes soil water sorption saturation in canopy；4th, tissue culture virus-free strawberry seedling；5th, transplant in good time, typically in August Transplanted at the beginning of the September of bottom；6th, managed after planting, typically spread weep pipe in October, cover mulch film and awning film, canopy temperature control system： In 25-28 DEG C of squaring period, yield positive results 24-26 DEG C of phase, night is not less than 5 DEG C；7th, rationally topdress, just the flowers are in blossom begins to place honeybee biography Powder, reduces deformity really；8th, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, is also consumption soil air after being put into soil using rice chaff, while fermentation Process, makes soil cause a state for anoxic, the long-term pathogen adapted under the conditions of drought life, can not be given birth to due to no air Deposit；9th, timely collecting, plucks when the strawberry fruit of 80-90% is red.

Embodiment：Verified by the actual plantation of Haimen City of Jiangsu Province Chang Le towns Guan Gong islands modern agriculture demonstration zone, this The reasonable science of strawberry cultivation method of invention, to strawberry cultivating preventive effect significantly, can increase Yield of Strawberry, with tradition plantation phase Than, save topdress, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding and kill germ expense, the income of honey is also add in addition, make Planting household plantation The income of strawberry and the double interests for improving, so protecting Planting household of labor service, ensure the sound development of Strawberry industry again, at present, 2200 mu of the core space gross area, mainly with strawberry cultivating as leading industry.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of implantation methods of strawberry, it is characterized in that：(1) nurturing staff, typically at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March；(2) soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, it is deep Turn over and rake, uniformly admix；(3) furrow are finely done, absorb water saturation；(4) tissue culture virus-free strawberry seedling；(5) typically enter at the beginning of September by the end of August Row is transplanted；(6) October spread weep pipe, cover mulch film and awning film, canopy temperature control system：In 25-28 DEG C of squaring period, yield positive results the phase 24-26 DEG C, night is not less than 5 DEG C；(7) rationally topdress, just the flowers are in blossom begins to place honey bees pollination；(8) soil is put into using rice chaff to send out Ferment, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；(9) plucked when the strawberry fruit of 80-90% is red.