CN106716672A - 电池用包装材料 - Google Patents
电池用包装材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106716672A CN106716672A CN201580051726.0A CN201580051726A CN106716672A CN 106716672 A CN106716672 A CN 106716672A CN 201580051726 A CN201580051726 A CN 201580051726A CN 106716672 A CN106716672 A CN 106716672A
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- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 52
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 63
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- -1 amine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 31
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- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical class O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
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- YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2H-benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-8-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carbonyl]-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(c2ccc3n[nH]nc3c2)C2(CCN(CC2)C(=O)c2cnc(NCc3cccc(OC(F)(F)F)c3)nc2)C1=O YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种电池用包装材料,其是将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层和密封层的片状叠层体成型得到的,上述电池用包装材料以从上述密封层侧向上述基材层侧突出的方式成型,在上述密封层侧具有收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间,在从上述基材层侧俯视上述电池用包装材料时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分的互相对置的角部的直线上的厚度方向的剖面中,从上述电池用包装材料的中心部至端部,依次具备第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部,上述第一弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度a、上述第二弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度c和位于上述第一弯曲部与上述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中上述金属层的厚度b满足下述关系:a≥b>c或a≥c>b。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够很好地抑制了针孔和裂纹的电池用包装材料。
背景技术
以往,开发了各种类型的电池,在所有电池中,用于封装电极、电解质等电池元件的包装材料成为不可或缺的构件。以往,作为电池用包装,大多采用金属制包装材料。
另一方面,近年来,随着电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、个人电脑、照相机、便携电话等的高性能化,对电池不仅要求多样的形状,而且还要求薄型化和轻质化。但是,在以往常用的金属制电池用包装材料的情况下,存在难以追随形状多样化的要求、且轻质化也有局限的缺点。
为此,近年来,作为能够实现易于加工成多样的形状、薄型化及轻质化的电池用包装材料,提出了依次叠层有基材/金属层/密封层的膜状叠层体。但是,这样的膜状包装材料比金属制包装材料薄,存在在成型时容易产生针孔、裂纹的缺点。在电池用包装材料产生了针孔、裂纹的情况下,电解液将渗透直至金属层,形成金属析出物,其结果,很可能出现短路,因此,对于膜状电池用包装材料而言,具备成型时不易出现针孔的特性、即优异的成型性是不可或缺的。
特别是近年来,对电池用包装材料要求更进一步的薄型化和轻质化,作为构成成型后电池用包装材料的各层的厚度,则要求更薄。但是,例如,当金属层的厚度薄至小于30μm时,在电池用包装材料成型时非常容易在金属层产生针孔、裂纹。
以往,为了提高膜状电池用包装材料的成型性,着眼于用于粘接金属层的粘接层进行了各种研究。例如,在专利文献1中,公开了一种具备由树脂膜构成的内层、第一粘接剂层、金属层、第二粘接剂层和由树脂膜构成的外层的叠层型包装材料,其中,通过使上述第一粘接剂层和第二粘接剂层中的至少一方由含有在侧链具有活化氢的树脂、多官能异氰酸酯类化合物以及多官能胺化合物的粘接剂组合物形成,由此,得到对更深的成型具有高可靠性的包装材料。
如专利文献1所代表的这样,对于着眼于在以往的具有膜状叠层体的电池用包装材料中使金属层与其它层粘接的粘接层的配合成分来提高成型性的技术,进行了很多研究,然而,对于着眼于成型后的金属层的形状等来提高成型性的技术,几乎没有报告。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-287971号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:太田哲著,プレス加工技术マニュアル,日刊工业新聞社发行,昭和56年7月30日发行,1-3页
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的主要目的在于,提供一种电池用包装材料,其是将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层、密封层的片状叠层体成型得到的,很好地抑制了成型后的针孔、裂纹。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的发明人为了解决上述课题,进行了深入研究。其结果发现,在将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层和密封层的片状的叠层体成型得到的电池用包装材料中,在形成成型后的金属层的角部的各弯曲部的厚度与位于该各弯曲部的中间部分的厚度呈特定关系的情况下,能够大幅降低针孔和裂纹的发生率。本发明是基于上述认识,进一步反复研究而完成的。
即,本发明提供下述所揭示的方式的电池用包装材料和电池。
项1一种电池用包装材料,其是将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层和密封层的片状叠层体成型得到的,
上述电池用包装材料以从上述密封层侧向上述基材层侧突出的方式成型,在上述密封层侧具有收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间,
在从上述基材层侧俯视上述电池用包装材料时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分的互相对置的角部的直线上的厚度方向的剖面中,从上述电池用包装材料的中心部至端部,依次具备第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部,
上述第一弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度a、上述第二弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度c和位于上述第一弯曲部与上述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中上述金属层的厚度b满足下述关系:
a≥b>c或a≥c>b
项2如项1所述的电池用包装材料,其中,在俯视上述电池用包装材料时,上述突出为大致矩形的部分的中心部的上述金属层的厚度小于30μm。
项3如项1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其中,上述第一弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度a小于30μm。
项4如项1~3中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,位于上述第一弯曲部与上述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中上述金属层的厚度b小于30μm。
项5如项1~4中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,上述第二弯曲部中上述金属层的厚度c小于30μm。
项6如项1~5中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,上述金属层由铝箔形成。
项7如项1~6中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,上述基材层与上述金属层之间叠层有粘接层。
项8一种电池,其中,至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳在项1~7中任一项所述的电池用包装材料内。
发明的效果
根据本发明的电池用包装材料,通过使形成成型后金属层的角部的各弯曲部的厚度与位于该各弯曲部的之间的部分的厚度呈特定关系,能够抑制电池用包装材料的针孔和裂纹等的产生。特别是,即使在金属层的厚度小于30μm这样的非常薄的情况下,也能够抑制电池用包装材料的针孔和裂纹等的产生。
附图说明
图1是从基材层侧俯视本发明的电池用包装材料的示意图。
图2是图1的B-B'线的示意剖面图。
图3是表示本发明的电池用包装材料的叠层结构的示意剖面图。
图4是表示在图1的A-A'线处沿厚度方向切断电池用包装材料后的金属层的剖面的示意图。
图5是表示在图1的A-A'线处沿厚度方向切断电池用包装材料后的金属层的剖面的示意图中,金属层的厚度a、厚度b、厚度c满足a≥b>c的关系的情况下的放大图。
图6是表示在图1的A-A'线处沿厚度方向切断电池用包装材料后的金属层的剖面的示意图中,金属层的厚度a、厚度b、厚度c满足a≥c>b的关系的情况下的放大图。
图7是表示在图1的A-A'线处沿厚度方向切断电池用包装材料后的金属层的剖面的示意图中,金属层的厚度a、厚度b、厚度c满足c≥b>a的关系的情况下的放大图。
具体实施方式
本发明的电池用包装材料的特征在于,其是将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层和密封层的片状叠层体成型得到的,电池用包装材料成型为从密封层侧向基材层侧突出,在密封层侧具有收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间,在从基材层侧俯视电池用包装材料时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分的互相对置的角部的直线上的厚度方向的剖面中,从电池用包装材料的中心部至端部,依次具备第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部,第一弯曲部中金属层的厚度a、第二弯曲部中金属层的厚度c和位于第一弯曲部与第二弯曲部的中间的部分中金属层的厚度b满足a≥b>c或a≥c>b的关系。下面对本发明的电池用包装材料进行详细说明。
1.电池用包装材料的叠层结构
如图3所示,本发明的电池用包装材料10具备至少依次叠层有基材层1、金属层3和密封层4的叠层体。在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,基材层1形成为最外层,密封层4形成为最内层。即,在组装电池时,通过使位于电池元件的周边的密封层4彼此热熔接,将电池元件密封,来进行电池元件的封装。
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,例如,如图3所示,在基材层1和金属层3之间,出于提高它们的粘接性的目的,也可以根据需要设置粘接层2。另外,在金属层3和密封层4之间,出于提高它们的粘接性的目的,也可以根据需要设置粘接层(未图示)。
2.电池用包装材料的形状
如图1及图2所示,本发明的电池用包装材料10成型为从密封层4侧向基材层1侧突出的形状。具体而言,本发明的电池用包装材料10通过形成具有上述叠层结构的片状的叠层体,形成从密封层4侧向基材层1侧突出的形状。这样的成型能够通过例如采用具有大致矩形的阳模和与该阳模之间具有间隙的阴模的直模,以使密封层4位于阳模侧的方式在阴模上载置上述叠层体,以规定的压力(面压)按压叠层体来施行。通过这样的成型,当从基材层1侧俯视本发明的电池用包装材料10时,电池用包装材料10形成有突出为大致矩形的部分10a。另外,通过成型,在本发明的电池用包装材料10中在密封层4侧形成收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间10b。
此外,也可以准备两个本发明的电池用包装材料10,通过在使密封层4互相对置的状态下使密封层4热熔接,在两个空间10b拼合而得的空间内收纳电子元件。另外,也可以准备本发明的电池用包装材料10和如上所述的片状的叠层体,通过在使密封层4互相对置的状态下使密封层4热熔接,在1个空间10b内收纳电子元件。
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,作为上述成型后的部分中的临界成型深度没有特别限制,从使电池用包装材料10薄型化和轻质化并且能够有效抑制成型所导致的针孔和裂纹的观点考虑,优选列举3.0mm以上、更优选列举5.0~10.0mm左右、进一步优选列举5.0~8.0mm左右。需要说明的是,电池用包装材料的临界成型深度是按照实施例所述的方法成型后的情况下的深度值。
例如,如图2所示,本发明的电池用包装材料10的特征在于,在从基材层1侧俯视电池用包装材料10时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分10a的互相对置的角部P的直线A-A'上的厚度方向的剖面中,从电池用包装材料10的中心部11至端部15,依次具有第一弯曲部12和第二弯曲部14。而且,在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,如图5或图6所示,第一弯曲部12中金属层3的厚度a、第二弯曲部14中金属层3的厚度c和位于第一弯曲部12与第二弯曲部14的中间的部分13中金属层3的厚度b满足a≥b>c或a≥c>b的关系。需要说明的是,在本发明中,厚度a、b、c的位置分别是在通过成型而形成的各弯曲部中曲率半径变得最小的部位,通常是指弯曲开始至其结束的中央部。
本发明的发明人在经过研究后发现,在将具有金属层的电池用包装材料成型时,在金属层弯曲的部分,由于金属层的延展性变大,因此容易产生针孔和裂纹,特别是在上述第一弯曲部的位置,容易产生针孔和裂纹。即,在通过成型而形成的金属层的角部p(第一弯曲部12的位置),最容易产生针孔和裂纹。
相对于此,在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,由于成型后的金属层3的厚度a、b、c设计为形成上述特定的关系,因此能够有效抑制针孔和裂纹的产生。即,在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,由于成型后的金属层3的厚度a被设计为最大,因此能够良好地抑制针孔和裂纹。另一方面,例如,如图7所示,当上述厚度a、b、c满足c≥b>a的关系时,容易出现针孔和裂纹。
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,将成型后的金属层3的厚度a、b、c设计为满足上述特定关系的方法没有特别限制,例如,能够通过调整金属层3的材质、压延条件等,将成型后的金属层3的厚度a、b、c设计为满足上述特定的关系。关于具体的方法,如后文的[金属层3]项中所详述。
3.形成电池用包装材料的各层的组成
[基材层1]
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,基材层1是位于最外侧的层。关于形成基材层1的材料,只要具备绝缘性的材料即可,没有特别限制。作为形成基材层1的材料,例如,可以列举聚酯、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟树脂、聚氨酯、硅树脂、酚醛树脂、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺以及它们的混合物和共聚物等。
作为聚酯,具体而言,可以列举聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、以对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯、以对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯等。另外,作为以对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯,具体而言,可以列举以对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为重复单元的主体并与间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯聚合的共聚聚酯(以下简称为“聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸)乙二醇酯”)、聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸)乙二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/己二酸)乙二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸磺酸钠)乙二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸钠)乙二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/苯基-二羧酸)乙二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/癸烷二羧酸)乙二醇酯等。另外,作为以对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯,具体而言,可以列举以对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯为重复单元的主体并与间苯二甲酸丁二醇酯聚合的共聚聚酯(以下简称为“聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸)丁二醇酯”)、聚(对苯二甲酸/己二酸)丁二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/癸二酸)丁二醇酯、聚(对苯二甲酸/癸烷二羧酸)丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等。这些聚酯既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。聚酯具有耐电解液性优异、对于电解液的附着不易产生白化等优点,适合作为基材层1的形成材料使用。
另外,作为聚酰胺,具体而言,可以列举尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙610、尼龙12、尼龙46、尼龙6与尼龙6,6的共聚物等脂肪族系聚酰胺;含有来自对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸的结构单元的尼龙6I、尼龙6T、尼龙6IT、尼龙6I6T(I表示间苯二甲酸,T表示对苯二甲酸)等六亚甲基二胺-间苯二甲酸-对苯二甲酸共聚酰胺、聚己二酰间苯二甲胺(MXD6)等含有芳香族化合物的聚酰胺;聚氨基甲基环己基己二酰胺(PACM6)等脂环系聚酰胺;以及与内酰胺成分、4,4'-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯等异氰酸酯成分共聚得到的聚酰胺;作为共聚聚酰胺与聚酯、聚亚烷基醚二醇的共聚物的聚酯酰胺共聚物、聚醚酯酰胺共聚物;以及它们的共聚物等。这些聚酰胺既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。拉伸聚酰胺膜因其拉伸性能优异,能够防止成型时的基材层1的树脂断裂所导致的白化的产生,适合作为基材层1的形成材料使用。
基材层1既可以由单轴或双轴拉伸的树脂膜形成,也可以由未拉伸的树脂膜形成。其中,由于单轴或双轴拉伸的树脂膜、特别是双轴拉伸的树脂膜通过取向结晶化而提高了耐热性,因此适合作为基材层1使用。另外,基材层1也可以通过将上述材料涂敷在金属层3上来形成。
这些之中,作为形成基材层1的树脂膜,优选列举尼龙、聚酯,进一步优选列举双轴拉伸尼龙、双轴拉伸聚酯,特别优选列举双轴拉伸尼龙。
在基材层1中,为了提高耐针孔性和制成电池的包装体时的绝缘性,也能够将不同材料的树脂膜和涂层的至少一种叠层。具体而言,可以列举叠层聚酯膜与尼龙膜的多层结构、叠层双轴拉伸聚酯与双轴拉伸尼龙的多层结构等。在基材层1制成多层结构的情况下,各树脂膜可以经由粘接剂粘接,也可以不经由粘接剂直接叠层。在不经由粘接剂粘接的情况下,例如,可以列举共挤出法、夹层层压法、热层压法等在热熔融状态下粘接的方法。另外,在经由粘接剂粘接的情况下,所使用的粘接剂既可以是双液固化型粘接剂,也可以是单液固化型粘接剂。另外,对粘接剂的粘接机理也没有特别限制,可以是化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型、UV及EB等电子射线固化型等的任意类型。作为粘接剂的成分,可以列举聚酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚醛树脂系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、纤维素系树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、氨基树脂、橡胶、有机硅树脂。
作为基材层1的厚度,例如,可以列举10~50μm左右、优选列举15~30μm左右。
[粘接层2]
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,粘接层2是为使基材层1与金属层3牢固粘接而设置在它们之间的层。
粘接层2由能够使基材层1与金属层3粘接的粘接剂形成。粘接层2的形成中所使用的粘接剂既可以是双液固化型粘接剂,也可以是单液固化型粘接剂。另外,对粘接层2的形成中所使用的粘接剂的粘接机理也没有特别限制,可以是化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型等的任意类型。
作为能够用于粘接层2的形成的粘接成分,具体而言,可以列举聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、共聚聚酯等聚酯系树脂;聚醚系粘接剂;聚氨酯系粘接剂;环氧系树脂;酚醛树脂系树脂;尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙12、共聚聚酰胺等聚酰胺系树脂;聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃、金属改性聚烯烃等聚烯烃系树脂;聚乙酸乙烯系树脂;纤维素系粘接剂;(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂;聚酰亚胺系树脂;尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等氨基树脂;氯丁橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶等橡胶;有机硅树脂等。这些粘接成分既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。这些粘接成分之中,可以优选列举聚氨酯系粘接剂。
关于粘接层2的厚度,例如,可以列举1~10μm左右、优选列举2~5μm左右。
[金属层3]
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,金属层3除了能够提高电池用包装材料10的强度之外,还是作为防止水蒸汽、氧、光等侵入电池内部的阻挡层发挥功能的层。如上所述,在本发明中,如图5或图6所示,第一弯曲部12中金属层3的厚度a、第二弯曲部14中金属层3的厚度c和位于第一弯曲部12与第二弯曲部14的中间的部分13中金属层3的厚度b满足a≥b>c或a≥c>b的关系。在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,通过满足这样的构成,即使在例如金属层3的厚度小于30μm这样的非常薄的情况下,也能够良好地抑制针孔和裂纹。
需要说明的是,本发明的特征在于,通过使得第一弯曲部12中金属层3的厚度a为最大,良好地抑制了金属层3中的针孔和裂纹产生,这一点,无论是在各弯曲部中的曲率半径小的情况下还是在其曲率半径大的情况下都是共通的。即,例如,无论是在曲率半径小、容易出现裂纹的情况下,还是在曲率半径大、不易出现裂纹的情况下,在以同一曲率半径进行了比较的情况下,使厚度a为最大的情形与厚度a不是最大的情形相比,前者能够有效抑制裂纹等,即使曲率半径变化,这一趋势也相同。
作为第一弯曲部12中金属层3的厚度a,没有特别限制,只要满足上述关系即可。从使电池用包装材料10的薄型化、轻质化并且能够有效抑制成型所导致的针孔和裂纹的观点考虑,优选列举小于30μm、更优选列举5~28μm左右、进一步优选列举10~25μm左右、特别优选列举15~20μm左右。
作为第二弯曲部14中金属层3的厚度c,没有特别限制,只要满足上述关系即可。从使电池用包装材料10的薄型化、轻质化并且能够有效抑制成型所导致的针孔和裂纹的观点考虑,优选列举小于30μm、更优选列举5~28μm左右、进一步优选列举10~25μm左右、更进一步优选列举15~20μm左右。
作为位于第一弯曲部12和第二弯曲部14的中间的部分中金属层3的厚度b,没有特别限制,只要满足上述关系即可。从使电池用包装材料10的薄型化、轻质化并且能够有效抑制成型所导致的针孔和裂纹的观点考虑,优选列举小于30μm、更优选列举5~28μm左右、进一步优选列举10~25μm左右、特别优选列举15~20μm左右。
需要说明的是,本发明的电池用包装材料10中金属层3的厚度是指:在从基材层1侧俯视电池用包装材料10时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分10a的互相对置的角部p的直线A-A'上,以薄片切片机沿厚度方向切断,将电池用包装材料切成两部分,用激光显微镜观察所得到的剖面测得的值。具体而言,是按照实施例所述的方法测得的值。需要说明的是,为了使得用薄片切片机进行切断时和用激光显微镜观察剖面时电池用包装材料的形状不发生变化,希望用树脂等将成型后的电池用包装材料固定后切断,进行厚度测量。
作为构成金属层3的金属,具体而言,可以列举铝、不锈钢、钛等,优选列举铝及不锈钢。金属层3能够通过金属箔或金属蒸镀等形成,优选由金属箔形成,更优选由铝箔或不锈钢箔形成。从防止在金属层3上出现针孔的观点考虑,例如,更优选由经过退火处理的铝(JISA8021P-O、JISA8079P-O)等软质铝箔、A3004、SUS304等不锈钢箔等形成。其中,由于上述厚度a、b、c不仅因铝合金、不锈钢等构成金属层的材料的组成而变化,也因金属层的加工方法而变化,因此,并非仅为JIS所规定的组成就能够满足上述厚度关系。作为将成型后的电池用包装材料10中金属层3的厚度a、b、c设定为上述本发明的关系的方法,以下,以Al-Fe系铝箔为例进行说明。采用其它铝箔或不锈钢的情况下,也能够采用下述方法的方法。
(Al-Fe系铝箔的形成方法的例子)
成型后的电池用包装材料10中金属层3的厚度a、b、c满足上述本发明的关系的Al-Fe系铝箔能够通过实施熔融、铸造、切块(slabbing)、面铣削、均质化处理(homogenize)、热轧、冷轧、中间退火、冷轧、箔压延、最终退火等各工序来制造。在熔融工序和铸造工序中,通过将例如JIS规格A8079H-O熔融,制成铸锭。在热轧工序中,在高温下对均质化处理后的合金材料进行压延处理。本工序中的合金材料的热轧温度优选为280~300℃。接着,在冷轧工序中,对热轧后的合金材料进行冷轧,使其薄薄地延展。本工序中的合金材料的冷轧温度优选为110~240℃。例如,通过调整冷轧温度,能够调整电池用包装材料的成型后的上述厚度a、b、c。而且,在中间退火工序中,利用热处理,除去冷轧后的合金材料内部的应变,使组织软化,提高延展性。本工序中的处理温度优选为380~400℃、特别优选为390℃。另外,处理时间优选为1.5~2.5小时。例如,通过调整该处理时间,能够调整电池用包装材料的成型后的上述厚度a、b、c。
金属层3的厚度只要具有上述物性即可,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举当俯视电池用包装材料10时,突出为大致矩形的部分10a的中心部11的金属层3的厚度优选列举小于30μm、更优选列举20~28μm左右、进一步优选列举20~25μm左右、特别优选列举15~20μm左右。需要说明的是,在电池用包装材料10中,中心部11的金属层3的厚度在成型前后实质上无变化。
另外,为实现粘接的稳定化、防止熔融、腐蚀等,优选对金属层3的至少一个表面、优选对两侧表面进行化学法表面处理。在本发明中,化学法表面处理是指金属层表面形成耐酸性覆膜的处理。作为化学法表面处理,例如,可以列举使用了硝酸铬、氟化铬、硫酸铬、乙酸铬、草酸铬、磷酸二氢铬、乙酰乙酸铬、氯化铬、硫酸铬钾等铬酸化合物的铬酸铬酸盐处理;使用了磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、多聚磷酸等磷酸化合物的磷酸铬酸盐处理;使用了具有下述通式(1)~(4)所示的重复单元的氨基苯酚聚合物的铬酸盐处理等。
在通式(1)~(4)中、X表示氢原子、羟基、烷基、羟烷基、烯丙基或苄基。另外,R1和R2分别相同或不同,表示羟基、烷基或羟烷基。在通式(1)~(4)中,作为X、R1和R2所示的烷基,例如,可以列举甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基等碳原子数1~4的直链或支链状烷基。另外,作为X、R1和R2所示的羟烷基,例如,可以列举羟甲基、1-羟乙基、2-羟乙基、1-羟丙基、2-羟丙基、3-羟丙基、1-羟丁基、2-羟丁基、3-羟丁基、4-羟丁基等的取代有一个羟基的碳原子数1~4的直链或支链状烷基。在通式(1)~(4)中,X、R1和R2所示的烷基和羟烷基相互可以相同也可以不同。在通式(1)~(4)中,X优选为氢原子、羟基或羟烷基。具有通式(1)~(4)所示的重复单元氨基化苯酚聚合物的数均分子量例如优选为500~100万、更优选为1000~2万左右。
另外,作为赋予金属层3耐腐蚀性的化学法表面处理方法,可以列举如下的方法:涂敷在磷酸中分散有氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化铈、氧化锡等金属氧化物或硫酸钡的微粒的分散液,在150℃以上进行烧制处理,由此在金属层3的表面形成耐腐蚀处理层。另外,还可以在耐腐蚀处理层上进一步形成通过交联剂使阳离子聚合物交联得到的树脂层。这里,作为阳离子聚合物,例如,可以列举聚乙烯亚胺、由聚乙烯亚胺和具有羧酸的聚合物形成的离子高分子配位化合物、在丙烯酸主骨架上接枝聚合有伯胺的伯胺接枝丙烯酸树脂、聚烯丙胺或其衍生物、氨基苯酚等。作为这些阳离子聚合物,可以仅使用其中1种,也可以两种以上组合使用。另外,作为交联剂,例如,可以列举具有选自异氰酸酯基、缩水甘油基、羧基和噁唑啉基中的至少1种官能团的化合物、硅烷偶联剂等。作为这些交联剂,可以仅使用其中的1种,也可以两种以上组合使用。
化学法表面处理既可以仅进行一种化学法表面处理,也可以组合进行两种以上的化学法表面处理。而且,这些化学法表面处理既可以单独使用一种化合物来进行,也可以组合使用两种以上的化合物来进行。化学法表面处理之中,优选铬酸铬酸盐处理或者组合铬酸化合物、磷酸化合物和氨基化苯酚聚合物的铬酸盐处理等。
对化学法表面处理中形成于金属层3的表面的耐酸性覆膜的量没有特别限制,例如,在进行上述铬酸盐处理的情况下,优选以相对于金属层3表面的每1m2,以铬换算为约0.5mg~约50mg、优选为约1.0mg~约40mg的铬酸化合物、以磷换算为约0.5mg~约50mg、优选为约1.0mg~约40mg的磷化合物、以及氨基化酚聚合物为约1mg~约200mg、优选为约5.0mg~150mg的比例含有。
化学法表面处理通过以下的方法来进行:采用棒涂法、辊涂法、凹版涂布法、浸渍法等,将含有用于形成耐酸性覆膜的化合物的溶液涂布在金属层的表面上之后,将金属层的温度加热到70℃~200℃左右。另外,在对金属层实施化学法表面处理之前,可以预先利用碱浸渍法、电解洗净法、酸洗净法、电解酸洗净法等对金属层进行脱脂处理。通过这样进行脱脂处理,能够更高效地对金属层的表面进行化学法表面处理。
[密封层4]
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,密封层4相当于最内层,是在组装电池时使密封层彼此热熔接而将电池元件密封的层。
关于密封层4所使用的树脂成分,只要能够热熔接即可,没有特别限制。例如,可以列举聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃、羧酸改性环状聚烯烃。
作为上述聚烯烃,具体而言,可以列举低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯等聚乙烯;均聚丙烯、聚丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的嵌段共聚物)、聚丙烯的无规共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的无规共聚物)等聚丙烯;乙烯-丁烯-丙烯的三元共聚物等。这些聚烯烃中,优选列举聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
上述环状聚烯烃是烯烃与环状单体的共聚物,作为上述环状聚烯烃的结构单体的烯烃,例如,可以列举乙烯、丙烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、苯乙烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯等。另外,作为上述环状聚烯烃的结构单体的环状单体,例如,可以列举降冰片烯等环状烯烃;具体而言,可以列举环戊二烯、二环戊二烯、环己二烯、降冰片二烯等环状二烯等。这些聚烯烃中,优选列举环状烯烃,更优选列举降冰片烯。
上述羧酸改性聚烯烃是指用羧酸将上述聚烯烃通过嵌段聚合或接枝聚合改性得到的聚合物。作为改性所使用的羧酸,例如,可以列举马来酸、丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐等。
上述羧酸改性环状聚烯烃是指通过将构成环状聚烯烃的单体的一部分替代为α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐进行共聚、或者将α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐与环状聚烯烃嵌段聚合或接枝聚合而得到的聚合物。羧酸改性环状聚烯烃与上述同样。另外,作为改性所使用的羧酸,与上述酸改性环烯烃共聚物的改性所使用的羧酸相同。
这些树脂成分之中,优选列举羧酸改性聚烯烃;更优选列举羧酸改性聚丙烯。
密封层4既可以由1种树脂成分单独形成,也可以由组合2种以上的树脂成分的掺混聚合物形成。而且,密封层4可以仅由1层形成,也可以由相同或不同的树脂成分以2层以上形成。
另外,作为密封层4的厚度,能够适当选择,可以列举10~100μm左右、优选列举15~50μm左右。
[粘接层]
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,粘接层是为了使金属层3与密封层4牢固粘接而根据需要设置在它们之间的层。
粘接层由能够使金属层3与密封层4粘接的粘接剂形成。关于粘接层的形成中所使用的粘接剂,其粘接机理、粘接剂成分的种类等与上述粘接层2的情况相同。作为粘接层所使用的粘接剂成分,优选列举聚烯烃系树脂、更优选列举羧酸改性聚烯烃、特别优选列举羧酸改性聚丙烯。
关于粘接层的厚度,例如,可以列举2~50μm、优选列举20~30μm。
4.电池用包装材料的制造方法
关于本发明的电池用包装材料10的制造方法,只要在得到叠层有规定组成的各层的叠层体之后,使金属层3的上述厚度a、b、c满足a≥b>c或a≥c>b的关系即可,没有特别限制。例如,可以例示以下的方法。
首先,形成依次叠层有基材层1、粘接层2、金属层3的叠层体(以下有时也记为“叠层体A”)。关于叠层体A的形成,具体而言,能够通过以下的干式层压法来进行:在基材层1上或根据需要对表面进行过化学法表面处理的金属层3上,将用于形成粘接层2的粘接剂通过挤出法、凹版印刷法、辊涂法等的涂布方法涂布、干燥之后,叠层该金属层3或基材层1并使粘接层2固化。
接着,在叠层体A的金属层3上叠层密封层4。在金属层3上直接叠层密封层4时,在叠层体A的金属层3上通过凹版印刷法、辊涂法等的方法涂布构成密封层4的树脂成分即可。另外,在金属层3与密封层4之间设置粘接层时,例如,可以列举:(1)在叠层体A的金属层3上通过将粘接层和密封层4共挤出来叠层的方法(共挤出层压法);(2)另行形成叠层有粘接层和密封层4的叠层体,将其在叠层体A的金属层3上通过热层压法叠层的方法;(3)在叠层体A的金属层3上将用于形成粘接层的粘接剂通过挤出法或溶液涂敷,在高温干燥并进行烧制的方法等叠层,在该粘接层上通过热层压法叠层预先制膜为片状的密封层4的方法;(4)边在叠层体A的金属层3与预先制膜为片状密封层4之间边流入熔融的粘接层边经由粘接层贴合叠层体A与密封层4的方法(夹层层压法)等。
如上所述操作,能够形成具有基材层1/粘接层2/根据需要对表面进行了化学法表面处理的金属层3/根据需要设置的粘接层/密封层4的叠层体,为了使粘接层2和根据需要设置的粘接层的粘接性更牢固,还可以进一步施以热辊接触式、热风式、近红外或远红外线式等加热处理。作为这样的加热处理条件,例如,可以列举在150~250℃进行1~5分钟。
通过将如上所述得到的叠层体成型,能够得到本发明的电池用包装材料10。即,本发明的电池用包装材料10通过使具有上述叠层结构的片状的叠层体以从密封层4侧向基材层1侧突出的方式成型。在成型时,采用例如具有大致矩形的阳模和与该阳模之间具有间隙(通常为0.5~2.0mm左右)的阴模的直模,以密封层侧位于阳模侧的方式在阴模上载置上述叠层体,以规定的压力(面压)按压叠层体,进行成型。通过这样的成型,在从基材层1侧俯视电池用包装材料10时,在电池用包装材料10上形成突出为大致矩形的部分10a。另外,通过该成型,在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,在密封层4侧形成收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间10b。
在本发明的电池用包装材料10中,根据需要,为了提高成膜性、叠层化加工、2次加工(包装化、压花成型)适应性等或使之稳定化,也可以对构成叠层体的各层实施电晕处理、喷砂处理、氧化处理、臭氧处理等表面活性化处理。
5.电池用包装材料的用途
本发明的电池用包装材料10可以作为用于密封并收纳正极、负极、电解质等电池元件的包装材料使用。
具体而言,将至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件,利用本发明的电池用包装材料10以分别与上述正极和负极连接的金属端子突出到外侧的状态下、以能够在电池元件的周边形成凸缘部(密封层彼此互相接触的区域)的方式包覆电池元件,将上述凸缘部的密封层4之间热封,使其密封,由此,提供使用了电池用包装材料10的电池。需要说明的是,在使用本发明的电池用包装材料10收纳电池元件的情况下,以本发明的电池用包装材料10的密封层4位于内侧(与电池元件接触的表面)的方式使用。
需要说明的是,如上所述,也可以通过准备两个本发明的电池用包装材料10,以使密封层4彼此互相对置的状态将密封层4热熔接,由此,在两个空间10b合并而得的空间内收纳电子元件。另外,也可以准备本发明的电池用包装材料10和如上所述的片状的叠层体,以使密封层4彼此互相对置的状态将密封层4热熔接,由此,在一个空间10b内收纳电子元件。
本发明的电池用包装材料10可以用于一次电池、二次电池的任一种,优选为二次电池。关于适用本发明的电池用包装材料10的二次电池的种类,没有特别限制,例如,可以列举锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池、铅蓄电池、镍/氢蓄电池、镍/镉蓄电池、镍/铁蓄电池、镍/锌蓄电池、氧化银/锌蓄电池、金属空气电池、多价阳离子电池、电容器(condenser)、电容器(capacitor)等。这些二次电池之中,作为本发明的电池用包装材料10的优选的适用对象,可以列举锂离子电池和锂离子聚合物电池。
实施例
以下,例示实施例和比较例,详细说明本发明。但是,本发明不限定于实施例。
<电池用包装材料的制造>
通过热层压法对依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3的叠层体叠层密封层4,由此制造依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3/密封层4的电池用包装材料10。电池用包装材料的具体制造条件如下所示。
在实施例1-18和比较例1-9中,作为构成基材层1的树脂膜(厚度25μm、PET/尼龙厚度依次为12μm、15μm)、金属层2(具有表1所示厚度的铝箔A~C),采用表1所述的材料。需要说明的是,铝箔A~C的细节如下文所述。另外,铝箔A~C分别利用辊涂法在金属层的两侧表面分别涂布含有酚醛树脂、氟化铬化合物(三价)和磷酸的处理液10mg/m2(干燥重量),在覆膜温度达到180℃以上的条件烧制20秒,进行了化学法表面处理。
首先,制备了依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3的叠层体。具体而言,在基材层1的一个面,形成3μm的由聚酯系主剂和异氰系固化剂的双液型聚氨酯粘接剂形成的粘接层2,与金属层3的化学法表面处理面加热加压贴合,制成依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3的叠层体。
另外,另行准备由具有表1所示结构的双层共挤出膜构成的密封层4。各密封层4通过共挤出法将构成金属层侧的树脂层与构成最内层侧的树脂层双层共挤出,形成为膜。表1中的酸改性PP(由不饱和羧酸接枝改性的不饱和羧酸接枝改性无规聚丙烯)的厚度为20μm,PP(聚丙烯(无规共聚物))的厚度为15μm,酸改性PE(由不饱和羧酸接枝改性的不饱和羧酸接枝改性无规聚乙烯)的厚度为20μm,PE(聚乙烯(无规共聚物))的厚度为15μm。
接着,以构成上述制作的双层共挤出膜的金属层侧的树脂层与上述制作的由基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3构成的叠层体的金属层接触的方式将两者重叠,进行加热使得金属层3达到120℃,进行热层压,由此,得到依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3/密封层4的叠层体。将所得到的叠层体暂时冷却之后,加热至180℃,将该温度保持1分钟,实施热处理,由此得到实施例1-18和比较例1-6的电池用包装材料10。
<铝箔A>
铝箔A分别是将东洋铝株式会社制铝箔A8021压延得到的铝箔。在热轧工序中在290℃的温度进行压延,接着,在冷轧工序中将冷轧温度设定为200℃,再将中间退火工序设定为390℃的温度,以处理时间2.5小时实施了处理。可以认为,在铝箔A中,通过将冷轧温度设定为200℃,通过缓慢冷却效果保持合金材料的均一化,并且,将中间退火工序的处理时间设定为2.5小时,由此,合金材料内部的应变被缓和,对成型时的延展性产生影响。
<铝箔B>
铝箔B分别是将东洋铝株式会社制铝箔A8021压延得到的铝箔。在热轧工序中在290℃的温度进行压延,接着,在冷轧工序中将冷轧温度设定为200℃,再将中间退火工序设定为390℃的温度,以处理时间1.5小时实施了处理。可以认为,在铝箔B中,通过将中间退火工序的处理时间设定为1.5小时,合金材料内部的应变发生变化,对成型时的延展性产生影响。
<铝箔C>
铝箔C分别是将东洋铝株式会社制铝箔A8021压延得到的铝箔。在热轧工序中在290℃的温度进行压延,接着,在冷轧工序中将冷轧温度设定为100℃,再将中间退火工序设定为390℃的温度,以处理时间1.5小时实施了处理。可以认为,在铝箔C中,通过将冷轧温度设定为100℃,合金材料的均一性产生变化,对成型时的延展性产生影响。
<成型性的评价>
将实施例1-18和比较例1-9中得到的电池用包装材料10裁断,制作120×80mm的长条片,将其作为试验样品。使用由30×50mm的矩形状的阳模和与该阳模的间隙为0.5mm的阴模构成的直模,以使密封层侧位于阳模侧的方式在阴模上载置上述试验样品,以0.1MPa的按压压力(面压)按压试验样品,进行了冷轧成型(牵引1段成型)。以0.5mm为单位改变成型深度,在各成型深度下,对各10片试验样品确认了是否产生金属层的针孔和裂纹。以全部10片试验样品没有褶皱、针孔和裂纹的情况下的成型深度为临界成型深度,根据下述标准评价成型性。将结果示于表1。
○:临界成型深度为6.0mm以上
△:临界成型深度为4.0mm~5.5mm
×:临界成型深度为3.5mm以下
<以临界成型深度3.0mm成型的金属层的厚度的测量>
与上述成型性评价同样操作,将由实施例1-18和比较例1-9的电池用包装材料10制得的样品成型为临界成型深度3.0mm。接着,对成型后的电池用包装材料10,在从基材层侧俯视时连结突出为大致矩形的部分10a的互相对置的角部p的直线上,用薄片切片机(大和光机工业制REM-710Retratome)沿厚度方向切断,将电池用包装材料10分为两部分,用激光显微镜(KEYENCE制:VKX-100)观察所得到的剖面,测量第一弯曲部中金属层的厚度a、第二弯曲部中金属层的厚度c和位于第一弯曲部和上述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中金属层的厚度b,求得a、b、c的关系。将结果示于表1。
[表1]
需要说明的是,表1中PET是指聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,PBT是指聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,PP是指聚丙烯,PE是指聚乙烯。
参考例
在比较例1中,作为铝箔C,使用厚度40μm的铝箔代替厚度35μm的铝箔,除此以外,与比较例1同样操作,制造了参考例的电池用包装材料A,如下所述进行成型性的评价、以临界成型深度3.0mm成型的金属层的厚度(μm)的测量。
电池用包装材料A的制作
使用了构成基材层1的尼龙(厚度25μm)、构成金属层2的后述的铝箔C(厚度40μm)。通过利用辊涂法在铝箔C的两侧表面分别涂布含有酚醛树脂、氟化铬化合物(三价)和磷酸的处理液10mg/m2(干燥重量),在覆膜温度达到180℃以上的条件烧制20秒,对铝箔C进行了化学法表面处理。
首先,制成依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3的叠层体。具体而言,在基材层1的一个面,形成3μm的由聚酯系主剂和异氰系固化剂的双液型聚氨酯粘接剂构成的粘接层2,与金属层3的化学法表面处理面加热加压贴合,制成依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3的叠层体。
另外,另行准备具有表2所示结构的双层共挤出膜构成的密封层4。各密封层4通过共挤出法将构成金属层侧的树脂层、构成最内层侧的树脂层双层共挤出,形成为膜。表2中的酸改性PP(由不饱和羧酸接枝改性的不饱和羧酸接枝改性无规聚丙烯)的厚度为20μm,PP(聚丙烯(无规共聚物))的厚度为15μm,酸改性PE(由不饱和羧酸接枝改性的不饱和羧酸接枝改性无规聚乙烯)的厚度为20μm,PE(聚乙烯(无规共聚物))的厚度为15μm。
接着,以构成上述制作的双层共挤出膜的金属层侧的树脂层与上述制作的由基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3构成的叠层体的金属层接触的方式将两者重叠,进行加热使得金属层3达到120℃,进行热层压,由此,得到依次叠层有基材层1/粘接层2/金属层3/密封层4的叠层体。将所得到的叠层体暂时冷却之后,加热至180℃,将该温度保持1分钟,实施热处理,由此得到电池用包装材料A。
铝箔C的制备
铝箔C(厚度40μm)是将东洋铝株式会社制铝箔A8021以下述条件压延得到的铝箔。在热轧工序中,在290℃的温度下进行压延,接着,在冷轧工序中,将冷轧温度设定为100℃,再在390℃的温度实施了处理时间为1.5小时的中间退火工序。
成型性的评价
将上述得到的电池用包装材料A裁断,制作120×80mm的长条片,将其为试验样品。使用由30×50mm的矩形状的阳模和与该阳模的间隙为0.5mm的阴模构成的直模,以使密封层侧位于阳模侧的方式在阴模上载置上述试验样品,以0.1MPa的按压压力(面压)按压试验样品,进行了冷轧成型(牵引1段成型)。以0.5mm为单位改变成型深度,在各成型深度下,对各10片试验样品确认了是否产生金属层的针孔和裂纹。以全部10片试验样品没有褶皱、针孔和裂纹的情况下的成型深度为临界成型深度,根据下述标准评价成型性。将结果示于表2。
○:临界成型深度为6.0mm以上
△:临界成型深度为4.0mm~5.5mm
×:临界成型深度为3.5mm以下
以临界成型深度3.0mm成型的金属层的厚度的测量
与上述成型性评价同样操作,将由电池用包装材料A制得的样品成型为临界成型深度3.0mm。接着,对成型后的电池用包装材料A,在从基材层侧俯视时连结突出为大致矩形的部分10a的互相对置的角部p的直线上,用薄片切片机(大和光机工业制REM-710Retratome)沿厚度方向切断,将电池用包装材料A分为两部分,用激光显微镜(KEYENCE公司制VKX-100)观察所得到的剖面,测量第一弯曲部中金属层的厚度a、第二弯曲部中金属层的厚度c和位于第一弯曲部和上述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中金属层的厚度b,求得a、b、c的关系。将结果示于表2。
[表2]
根据上述结果可知,在电池用包装材料A中,厚度a、b、c呈c≥b>a的关系,但由于金属层的厚度较厚,与实施例1~18同样,成型性优异。
符号说明
1 基材层
2 粘接层
3 金属层
4 密封层
5 粘接层
10 电池用包装材料
10a 突出为大致矩形的部分
10b 大致长方体状的空间
11 俯视电池用包装材料时的中心部
12 第一弯曲部
13 位于第一弯曲部与第二弯曲部的中间的部分
14 第二弯曲部
15 端部
Claims (8)
1.一种电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
其是将至少依次叠层有基材层、金属层和密封层的片状叠层体成型得到的,
所述电池用包装材料以从所述密封层侧向所述基材层侧突出的方式成型,在所述密封层侧具有收纳电池元件的大致长方体状的空间,
在从所述基材层侧俯视所述电池用包装材料时,在连结突出为大致矩形的部分的互相对置的角部的直线上的厚度方向的剖面中,从所述电池用包装材料的中心部至端部,依次具备第一弯曲部和第二弯曲部,
所述第一弯曲部中所述金属层的厚度a、所述第二弯曲部中所述金属层的厚度c和位于所述第一弯曲部与所述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中所述金属层的厚度b满足下述关系:
a≥b>c或a≥c>b。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
在俯视所述电池用包装材料时,所述突出为大致矩形的部分的中心部的所述金属层的厚度小于30μm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
所述第一弯曲部中所述金属层的厚度a小于30μm。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
位于所述第一弯曲部与所述第二弯曲部的中间的部分中所述金属层的厚度b小于30μm。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
所述第二弯曲部中所述金属层的厚度c小于30μm。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
所述金属层由铝箔形成。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
所述基材层与所述金属层之间叠层有粘接层。
8.一种电池,其特征在于:
至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳在权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电池用包装材料内。
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WO2013016644A1 (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Neurophage Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Process for the production of filamentous bacteriophage |
CN103223753A (zh) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-07-31 | 昭和电工包装株式会社 | 成形用包装材料和锂二次电池 |
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US20170274622A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
US10556400B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
JP6614038B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
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