CN106715950A - 制品,尤其空气弹簧气囊、金属‑橡胶元件或减震器 - Google Patents
制品,尤其空气弹簧气囊、金属‑橡胶元件或减震器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106715950A CN106715950A CN201580052154.8A CN201580052154A CN106715950A CN 106715950 A CN106715950 A CN 106715950A CN 201580052154 A CN201580052154 A CN 201580052154A CN 106715950 A CN106715950 A CN 106715950A
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- Prior art keywords
- product
- coating
- rubber
- yarn fabric
- fire
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 48
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- GBZVNKQWXLVYNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-phosphonooxyphenyl) dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC(OP(O)(O)=O)=C1 GBZVNKQWXLVYNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920007844 Methylene vinyl siloxane rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXURVUHDDXFYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-(oxolan-3-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methylbutan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(F)F)C(OC2COCC2)=C1 IXURVUHDDXFYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
- B29D22/02—Inflatable articles
- B29D22/023—Air springs; Air bellows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/283—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysiloxanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制品,该制品具有一个由具有弹性特性的聚合物材料制成的基体(6,7,8),尤其一种空气弹簧气囊(2)、金属‑橡胶元件或减震器。为了改善防火特性,该制品部分地或完全地设置有一个覆盖层(9),其中该覆盖层由至少一个纺织物片状结构和/或由至少一个空间结构和/或由至少一个收缩膜形成。在此,该覆盖层可以是自身防火的或者可以构型为防火的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制品,该制品具有一个由具有弹性特性的聚合物材料制成的基体,尤其一种空气弹簧气囊、金属-橡胶元件或减震器。
背景技术
在使用弹性体混合物(也称为橡胶混合物)的情况下生产由聚合物材料制成的制品,这些制品被使用于例如机动车辆或轨道车辆的缓冲和/或用于减震。针对此类制品的基本特性通常使用的这些弹性体混合物是充分已知的。具有突出的弹性特性的制品(例如金属-橡胶元件或减震器)优选包含多种固化的橡胶混合物,这些橡胶混合物主要基于天然橡胶(NR)和/或聚异戊二烯橡胶(IR)。具有非常好的耐气候性、矿物油和热耐受性的制品(例如空气弹簧气囊)优选包含多种固化的橡胶混合物,这些橡胶混合物主要基于氯丁橡胶(CR)。
然而,具有这些弹性体混合物的制品在燃烧行为中展示出了明显的缺点。在燃烧情况下尤其产生很浓的烟雾。在所述的主要基于NR和/或IR的弹性体混合物的燃烧过程中,放热率是特别高的。在主要基于CR的弹性体混合物的燃烧过程中,所产生的烟雾对人和动物是有毒的。
由于近年来在防火方面要求的上升(这首先表现在加强的防火标准EN45545中),产生对优化防火的聚合物制品的更高需求。所述的主要基于NR和/或IR的弹性体混合物首先由于所要求的最大放热率并且主要基于CR的耐燃的弹性体混合物尤其由于所要求的烟雾毒性而不再符合防火要求。因此,包含这些弹性体混合物的制品大多情况下不再满足加强的要求。一种用于改善橡胶混合物的燃烧行为的常见方法是直接地混入防火物质。然而一般来说,在所涉及的制品中这种措施导致多个物理特性显著变差,尤其是缓冲特性、压缩变形特性(Setzeigenschaft)或减震特性。
为了解决这个问题,在WO 2014/019008 A1中提出,使用一种仅硫交联的附加的外层,该外层包含:含醋酸乙烯酯的热塑性聚合物、含双键的不饱和弹性体以及至少一种阻燃剂。该附加的外层必须在相对高的固化温度下通过一种针对性地受控的固化方法固化到该部件上或该部件的基体上。因此,在WO 2014/019008 A1中,一个固化过程必须前后相继地实施两次。这不仅意味着生产技术上更高的耗费,而且该双重的固化还可能导致在位于该外层下方的、已经固化的聚合物混合物中的不期望且有损的复原过程。特别在主要基于NR和/或IR的聚合物混合物中,在过度固化的情况下展示出显著的复原过程。为了改善整个制品的燃烧行为,该附加的外层此外必须具有均匀的最小层厚度,对此高耗费的并且昂贵的第二固化模具是必要的。此外,具有根据WO 2014/019008 A1的组合物的该外层在矿物油耐受性方面具有明显的缺点,这尤其在轨道交通中、非常特别在空气弹簧中是不利的。
在EP 2196492 B1中,将一个阻燃涂层直接地固化到该弹性体物体上。这至少在施加阻燃涂层的区域中确保了该弹性体物体的遮蔽。在此,该涂层包含至少一种聚合物粘合剂并且作为阻燃物质包含至少膨胀石墨,该膨胀石墨还被称为可膨胀石墨。在遵守所有要求的安全措施的情况下,该涂层组合物首先在溶剂中溶解,接着施加到该部件上并且最终固化。在此有问题的是该涂层组合物的耐磨性。此外,必须如下地设定该涂层的弹性和断裂伸长率,使得在车辆运行中不产生在该涂层中的提前的裂纹形成或该涂层的脆化。如果该涂层的裂纹形成进展过于剧烈,则该基体不再完全地受保护。当脆化过于强烈时,在燃烧情况下,该涂层可能由于膨胀石墨的膨胀(=体积增加)而被多个裂纹直接地穿过或者甚至直接地脱落。如上所述,由于该涂层的固化,在位于下方的这些层中可能导致复原形成。
由于空气弹簧气囊、金属-橡胶元件和减震器经受非常强烈的机械负载(尤其当在轨道交通中使用时),此类涂层必须具有与该聚合物基体可比较的弹性性能,以使此类涂层在使用中不具有提前产生的裂纹或者甚至分离借助在WO 2014/019008 A1中所述的材料组合,这种构型是困难的并且在某些时候是不利的。在EP 2196492 B1中,必须使用足够大量的膨胀石墨,以便能够确保相对应的防火,这进而对物理特性、尤其弹性和断裂伸长率具有不利影响。
此外,这两种可能性形成在工业生产过程中的明显更高的耗费并且尤其是有机溶剂的使用可能导致生产人员的健康问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种制品,该制品的突出之处在于优化的防火行为,以满足尤其在EN-45545中所描述的、加强的要求。同时,该制品的必要的物理特性应保持在一个可比较的水平上并且生产过程中的复杂性不应显著提高。
该目的通过以下方式实现:该制品具有一个由具有弹性特性的聚合物材料制成的基体,该制品具有一个制品表面,该制品表面完全地或部分地设置有至少一个覆盖层,其中该覆盖层由至少一个纺织物片状结构和/或由至少一个纺织物空间结构和/或由至少一个收缩膜形成。
根据杜登词典,将一种由材料制成的、保护某物的遮盖物称为覆盖层在本发明的范围内,该覆盖层保护该制品免受由可能的火灾造成的破坏。在此,该覆盖层由至少一个纺织物片状结构和/或由至少一个纺织物空间结构和/或由至少一个收缩膜组成,该片状结构和/或空间结构和/或收缩膜可以相应地自身防火地起作用和/或构型为防火的。
就此而言,部分地意味着:仅该整个制品的制品表面的确定的、限定的区域或区段设置有一个覆盖层。
该覆盖层可以以牢固粘附的方式与该制品表面相连接,但是还可以与该制品表面没有直接的连接。
如果该覆盖层以牢固粘附的方式与该制品相连接,则在完全设置的情况下,该整个制品表面防火;并且在部分设置的情况下,该制品表面的用该覆盖层覆盖的这些区域或区段防火。
一般来说,与基于至少一种聚合物的制品表面牢固连接的纺织物片状结构或纺织物空间结构的粘附质量比在纯优化防火的涂层中的粘附质量更高。除了物理的和化学的结合因素,由于纺织物片状结构或空间结构的纺织物纱线锚固到该橡胶表面中产生了额外的力学结合因素。通过以专门有利于粘附而优化地来制备内置的纺织物侧,可以附加地提高在纺织物与制品表面之间的粘附质量。如果该覆盖层自身是不可燃烧的,则该制品比在一个或多个单独涂层覆层的情况下的制品总体上更加防火。
如果该覆盖层与该制品表面没有直接的连接,则不需要以对粘附有利的方式来制备纺织物。因此,该纺织物片状结构或空间结构可以从两侧出发构型为防火的并且由此在火灾情况下该防火的构型可以扩展到两侧。这意味着相对于热源或火焰的双重保护。此外,如果该覆盖层(具有或不具有构型)不是牢固粘附的并且因此不必完全跟随该制品移动,则对该覆盖层的柔性或弹性以及对该覆盖层的防火构型的弹性和断裂伸长率存在较小的要求。同样不需要组成该制品的基体的聚合物混合物在适当时要预先实施的、可感知的改变,即可获得足够高的粘附质量。
可以通过使用适合的粘附层或粘附混合物或者通过该制品表面的活化(例如通过蚀刻)实现粘附。还可以通过使用一种合适的、用于涂底的试剂(例如一种底漆,用该底漆使该制品表面官能化)实现粘附。通过卤化、尤其通过氯化使该制品表面官能化被证明是特别好地适用的。但是还可设想官能化的其他可能性和类型或方法。在粘附时,该覆盖层与该制品表面形成粘附复合物。
在此,该纺织物片状结构可以优选地形成为毡、无纺布、织物、编织物、钩织物、针织物或织层(Gelege)。优选涉及的是纺织品(英语:woven fabric),其中该表面通过使两个纱线体系(即经纱和纬纱)交叉来生产;或者涉及一种针织品(英语:knitted fabric),其中借助于纱线形成的线圈被缠绕到另一个线圈中,并且其中以此方式产生的网孔可以在使用一条或多条纱线的情况下形成。
在使用织物的情况下,尤其使用所述双向弹力织物被证明是有利的。在使用双向弹力织物的情况下,可以由织物来遵循该制品以及还已有该制品毛坯的所有伸长方向,而尤其没有导致在弯拱工艺(Bombierverfahren)中(例如当生产空气弹簧气囊时)不期望的褶皱形成。
该纺织物空间结构可以作为软管、袜状物或纺织物半成品存在。一个此类的软管或袜状物可以理想地适配于该制品(尤其空气弹簧气囊、金属-橡胶元件或减震器)的轮廓。
这两种纺织物结构分别构造为纺织物纤维,这些纺织物纤维可以以纺织物的制造方法、尤其通过纺纱进行加工。纺织物纤维一般来说是线形的结构,其中长度与直径的比例基本上大于1,使得获得足够的弯曲性和柔韧性。可以使用具有有限的长度的纺纱纤维,但还可以使用丝线、即作为单丝或多丝的连续纤维。属于纺织物纤维的还有短绒纤维(尽管短绒纤维是不可纺的)以及还有橡胶纤维、金属纤维或纺纱用纸(如果可以对这些纺织用纸进行纺织物加工的话)。
作为纺织物纤维可以优选地使用天然纤维。在此,可以涉及矿物性天然纤维(例如石棉纤维或岩棉)、植物性天然纤维(例如由棉、亚麻或大麻组成),或者还可以涉及动物性天然纤维(例如由毛或丝组成)。
作为纺织物纤维还可以优选地使用由天然聚合物制成的纤维,例如基于纤维素的再生纤维,如黏胶纤维(Viskose)、Lyocel l或橡胶;或者还使用由合成聚合物制成的纤维,例如聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚苯硫醚、聚噁二唑、芳族聚酰胺、共聚对芳族聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚苯、聚亚苯基氧化物、聚苯硫醚、聚苯醚、聚苯并噁唑。
同样可设想的是,使用由无机材料如玻璃、陶瓷、碳、金属或岩石(例如玄武岩)制成的纺织物纤维。这些纺织物纤维可以单独地或组合地、即作为混合纤维使用。
将哪些纤维用于该纺织物片状结构或空间结构基本上取决于该制品的类型(例如橡胶金属元件或减震器或空气弹簧)、该聚合物基体的组成、该片状结构或空间结构与该基体的连接(牢固粘附或非牢固粘附的)以及该制品的用途。用途基本上确定了该制品在整个使用寿命中必须满足的所需弹性或柔性。
某些纤维自身已经提供了足够的防火保护,例如聚噁二唑、聚醚酰亚胺、芳族聚酰胺(如间芳族聚酰胺、对芳族聚酰胺或共聚对芳族聚酰胺)、金属、玻璃、陶瓷、岩石、碳、改性聚酯、改性黏胶纤维。
所述材料可以单独地或组合地、例如作为混合线使用。在此,在某些情况下可以免除附加的防火构型。
根据DE 10 2012 112 581 A1,所述材料还可以作为阻隔纱线被制造到该纺织物中。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中,该纺织物片状结构或空间结构构型为具有至少一种防火物质。在本发明的范围内,构型如下:
-借助于刷涂、喷涂、刮涂或浸渍或者通过压延方法将该阻燃物质施加到该纺织物片状结构或该纺织物空间结构上。为此,该阻燃物质优选存在于具有适合的黏度的溶液或混合物中。该溶液或混合物优选基于水、不含有机溶剂、不含卤素和卤素化合物,并且此外包含至少一种粘合剂。
-通过刷涂、喷涂或浸渍将该阻燃物质施加到该纺织物片状结构或纺织物空间结构的单独的纺织物纤维上。为此,该阻燃物质优选存在于具有适合的黏度的溶液或混合物中。该溶液或混合物优选基于水、不含有机溶剂、不含卤素和卤素化合物,并且此外包含至少一种粘合剂。在此,该阻燃物质可以特别好地渗入该纺织物纤维中。在此之后才从设置有阻燃剂的纺织物纤维来生产该纺织物片状结构或该纺织物空间结构。在此,该纺织物结构特别好地构型为具有该阻燃剂。
在该纺织物片状结构或空间结构上的防火的构型在两种情况下优选冷固化,非常优选作为与空气中的氧的反应或者通过UV辐射(在使用适合于此的过氧化物的情况下)交联。
可以单侧地或双侧地实现具有防火物质的纺织物的构型。
如果该纺织物片状结构或空间结构与制品表面形成粘附复合物,则一般来说该具有防火物质的构型单侧地实现,尤其对于该制品的外侧。实际上可行的是,用于形成粘附复合物的粘附层或粘附剂此外构型为自身防火的。
如果该覆盖层与该制品表面没有直接的连接,则在一个特别优选的实施变体中,该纺织物片状结构或空间结构从两侧、即从前侧和后侧出发构型为防火的。
作为阻燃剂可以使用本领域技术人员已知的所有阻燃剂。
在此,尤其考虑的是:锡酸盐(如锡酸锌或氢氧化锡酸锌)、氢氧化物(如氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝)、氰尿酸酯(如三聚氰胺氰尿酸酯)、硼酸盐(如硼酸锌)、含磷组分(如间苯二酚二磷酸酯或芳香族的多磷酸酯)、含氮组分(如磷酸铵)、膨胀混合物、碳酸盐(如碳酸钙或碳酸镁)或膨胀石墨。
膨胀混合物膨胀成泡沫。膨胀混合物被用于保护可燃材料(如塑料或木头)、但还有钢(钢在温度升高时损失其刚度)免受热和火的影响。在适当时,还可以将很少量的三氧化二锑(尽管有危害健康的影响)与所述阻燃剂中的至少一种组合地使用。
该覆盖层还可以是至少一个收缩膜。该收缩膜可以单独地或与至少一个纺织物片状结构和/或与至少一个纺织物空间结构组合地使用。因此,该覆盖层可以由一个或由多个层组成。
冷拉伸的热塑性塑料膜被称为收缩膜,这些收缩膜尤其在热处理的情况下再次收缩成其初始状态。该收缩在前述制品中得到充分利用,由此该膜部分地或完全地牢固紧贴在该制品表面上。为此,该收缩膜优选具有收缩软管的形状。在此,可以使用在热作用下收缩的收缩软管,但是也可以使用所谓的“冷收缩软管”。后者在没有任何热作用的情况下是够用的,这提供了减少或避免位于该覆盖层下方的聚合物混合物复原的优点。
作为收缩膜的基础例如可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯,或者尤其对于冷收缩软管可以使用EPDM或硅酮。
在此,该收缩膜可以是自身防火的或者可以构型为防火的。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中,该收缩膜构型为具有至少一种防火物质。在本发明的范围内,构型如下:
-借助于本领域技术人员已知的方法(例如刷涂、喷涂、刮涂、浸渍)或者在压延过程中将该阻燃物质施加到该收缩膜上。为此,该阻燃物质优选存在于具有适合的黏度的溶液或混合物中。该溶液或混合物优选基于水、不含有机溶剂、不含卤素和卤素化合物,并且此外包含至少一种粘合剂。
-该收缩膜可以直接构型为具有阻燃物质。为此,在生产该膜时,在适当时除了其他组成部分,还将该阻燃物质加入该膜材料,并且接着以本领域技术人员已知的方式、例如通过压延来生产该膜。这具有不需要分开的、附加的方法步骤的优点。
在该收缩膜上的防火的构型在这两种情况下优选冷固化,非常优选作为与空气中的氧的反应或者通过UV交联(在使用适合于此的过氧化物的情况下)。由此确保,不导致该膜提前收缩。
可以单侧地或双侧地实现该具有防火物质的收缩膜(尤其收缩软管)的构型。
如果该收缩膜与制品表面形成粘附复合物,则一般来说该具有防火物质的构型单侧地实现,尤其对于该制品的外侧。实际上可行的是,用于形成粘附复合物的粘附层或粘附剂此外构型为自身防火的。
如果该覆盖层与该制品表面没有直接的连接,则在一个特别优选的实施变体中,该收缩膜、尤其该收缩软管从两侧、即从前侧和后侧出发构型为防火的。
作为阻燃剂此处还可以使用本领域技术人员已知的所有阻燃剂。
在此,尤其考虑的是:锡酸盐(如锡酸锌或氢氧化锡酸锌)、氢氧化物(如氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝)、氰尿酸酯(如三聚氰胺氰尿酸酯)、硼酸盐(如硼酸锌)、含磷组分(如间苯二酚二磷酸酯或芳香族的多磷酸酯)、含氮组分(如磷酸铵)、膨胀混合物、碳酸盐(如碳酸钙或碳酸镁)或膨胀石墨。
膨胀混合物膨胀成泡沫。膨胀混合物被用于保护可燃材料(如塑料或木头)、但还有钢(钢在温度升高时损失其刚度)免受热和火的影响。
在适当时,还可以将很少量的三氧化二锑(尽管有危害健康的影响)与所述阻燃剂中的至少一种组合地使用。
该覆盖层尤其用于以下制品:
-软管状物体
软管状物体包括以下产品组:所有类型的传送软管、空气弹簧气囊(交叉气囊、轴向气囊)以及不同设计的补偿器(例如扭力补偿器、横向补偿器)。在此,构造概念是总体上相同的,即包括一个外层(罩)、一个内层(芯)以及尤其一个嵌入的单层或多层的增强载体。此外还可以例如在两个增强载体层之间存在至少一个中间层。在传送软管中,该内层还可以具有一个耐受介质的、例如呈PTFE膜形式的内衬,例如在化学品软管中。还可以存在一个具有小的渗透率的、尤其呈膜(例如为聚酰胺膜)形式的、附加的阻挡层,其中在此尤其可以称为耐气候软管一个软管状的物体的外层、尤其该外层的整个表面构型为具有该覆盖层。
-驱动带
驱动带,这些驱动带至少设置有一个嵌入的增强载体,该增强载体具有在纵向方向上延伸的、平行地安排的多个拉伸载体(拉伸绞线),这些驱动带在不同的设计方式中存在,尤其作为扁平带、楔形带、多楔带、齿条带和复合绳索,它们分别具有一个带有力传递区的下部构造和一个作为带背部的遮盖层。在此,主要的不同之处在于该力传递区的构造,这是由不同的表面几何形状导致的,例如在齿条带中由齿形的轮廓导致的。尤其在该力传递区中、在适当时附加地还在该遮盖层中使用该覆盖层。此外,该覆盖层可以附加地用于实现阻燃的边缘密封。
-轴承、轴套或层状弹簧、锥形弹簧的减震元件
该减震元件包括一种具有弹性特性的聚合物材料并且大多在金属-聚合物复合物的背景下使用,尤其呈以下形式:具有轴承上部零件和轴承下部零件的轴承、具有芯体和套管的轴套或金属-橡胶弹簧元件(例如层状弹簧或锥形弹簧)。在此优选地,该减震元件的所有自由的表面设置有该覆盖层。
空气弹簧气囊具有特别的重要性,与附图说明相联系地对该空气弹簧气囊进行更详细的介绍。
在形成该基体时,尤其使用可(部分)固化的聚合物混合物,其中由于其弹性特性提及以下两种材料变体:
-变体A(弹性体)
该聚合物混合物是一种可固化的、不含热塑料的橡胶混合物,该橡胶混合物包含至少一种橡胶组分以及多种其他的混合物成分。作为橡胶组分,尤其要提及的是:乙烯-丙烯橡胶(EPM)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、(部分)氢化的丁腈橡胶(HNBR)、氟橡胶(FKM)、氯丁橡胶(CR)、天然橡胶(NR)、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、异戊二烯橡胶(IR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)、氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)、由异丁烯和对甲基苯乙烯组成的溴化共聚物(BIMS)、丁二烯橡胶(BR)、氯化聚乙烯(CM)、氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)、聚环氧氯丙烷(ECO)、ECO与环氧乙烷和不饱和单体的三元共聚物(ETER)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVA)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶(AEM)、硅酮橡胶(MQ、VMQ、PVMQ、FVMQ)、氟化的甲基硅酮橡胶(MFQ)、全氟化的丙烯橡胶(FFPM)、全氟碳橡胶(FFKM)、聚氨酯(PU)。
前述橡胶类型可以是无共混的。还可行的是使用一种共混物(尤其与前述橡胶类型之一结合),例如NR/BR共混物或BR/SBR共混物。
优选哪种橡胶类型取决于该制品类型。在软管状的物体中不同的橡胶类型的使用是特别多样的,其中在此尤其要提及以下橡胶组分:NR、IR、ACM、AEM、BIMS、CM、CR、IIR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EPDM、ETER、EVA、FKM、HNBR、VMQ或FVMQ。在驱动带中尤其使用基于EPM和/或EPDM(在楔形带和多楔带中)以及NBR、然而特殊地HNBR(在齿条带中)的橡胶混合物。
常见的混合物成分包括至少一种交联剂或一种交联体系(交联剂和加速剂)。附加的混合物成分大多情况下还有填料和/或加工助剂和/或软化剂和/或抗老化剂以及在适当时其他添加剂(例如颜料、增强纤维)。在此方面,总体上参照现有的橡胶混合技术。
-变体B(热塑性弹性体)
该聚合物混合物是一种可部分固化的聚合物混合物,该聚合物混合物包含至少一种热塑料组分、至少一种至少可部分交联的橡胶组分以及多种其他的混合物成分。优选的热塑料组分是:聚烯烃,尤其聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS);聚酰胺(PA),例如PA6或PA6.6;聚酯,例如PET、PEN或PBT。
作为橡胶组分在此尤其要提及的是EPM、EPDM、SBR、CR、NR、NBR、FKM、ACM或AEM,它们尤其没有与其他的橡胶组分共混。
在常见的混合物成分方面,参照关于变体A的混合技术,尤其参照根据特许公开说明书DE 100 04 632 A1的传授内容。
附图说明
现在将借助于实施例在参考示意性附图的情况下解释本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了一种空气弹簧安排;
图2示出了具有一个由织物制成的覆盖层的空气弹簧气囊的层构造,该织物构型为阻燃的。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种空气弹簧安排1,该空气弹簧安排包括一个空气弹簧气囊2以及两个连接部件盖板3和滚动活塞4,尤其形成体积弹性的空气室5。
现在,图2示出了一个成品的空气弹簧气囊2的层构造。在此,该空气弹簧气囊由一个内层6和作为弹性基体的外层7(例如由基于NR的固化的橡胶混合物)、在该内层6与外层7之间嵌入的一个增强载体层8(例如呈聚酰胺织物的形式)以及与该外层8直接地连接的一个覆盖层9组成。该呈织物形式的覆盖层9构型为具有至少一种阻燃剂。
附图标记说明
1 空气弹簧安排
2 空气弹簧气囊
3 盖板
4 滚动活塞
5 体积弹性的空气室
6 空气弹簧气囊的内层
7 空气弹簧气囊的外层
8 空气弹簧气囊的增强载体层
9 覆盖层
Claims (6)
1.一种制品,该制品具有一个由具有弹性特性的聚合物材料制成的基体,其特征在于,该制品表面完全地或部分地设置有至少一个覆盖层,其中该覆盖层由至少一个纺织物片状结构和/或由至少一个纺织物空间结构和/或由至少一个收缩膜形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其特征在于,该纺织物片状结构和/或该纺织物空间结构和/或该收缩膜构型为防火的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制品,其特征在于,该防火的构型基于至少一种阻燃物质。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的制品,其特征在于,该收缩膜形成为收缩软管。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的制品,其特征在于,该覆盖层与该制品表面直接地接触。
6.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的制品,其特征在于,该覆盖层与该制品表面没有直接的连接。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102014219613.2A DE102014219613A1 (de) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102014219613.2 | 2014-09-26 | ||
PCT/EP2015/066233 WO2016045813A1 (de) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-07-16 | Artikel, insbesondere ein luftfederbalg, ein metall-gummi-element oder ein schwingungsdämpfer |
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CN106715950A true CN106715950A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
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CN201580052154.8A Pending CN106715950A (zh) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-07-16 | 制品,尤其空气弹簧气囊、金属‑橡胶元件或减震器 |
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US (1) | US10352388B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3198168B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106715950A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102014219613A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2910958T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016045813A1 (zh) |
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CN115476558A (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-12-16 | 康蒂泰克化学技术有限公司 | 用于将包卷硅软管包带的替代子工艺及由此制造的软管 |
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DE102016215333A1 (de) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102016217333A1 (de) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Artikel, insbesondere ein Metall-Gummi-Element für Schienenfahrzeuge |
US11111979B2 (en) * | 2016-09-17 | 2021-09-07 | Firestone Industrial Products Company, Llc | Elastomeric articles with improved fire protection properties |
WO2019055964A1 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-21 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | RUBBER ARTICLES HAVING ENHANCED FIRE PROTECTION PROPERTIES |
US11629318B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2023-04-18 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods for producing mature adipocytes and methods of use thereof |
DE102017223541A1 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102017223538A1 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102017223545A1 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer |
DE102018106717B4 (de) * | 2018-03-21 | 2023-09-07 | Saf-Holland Gmbh | Luftfeder |
CN110259861B (zh) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-01-15 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | 双层橡胶弹簧及使用双层橡胶弹簧的空气弹簧 |
WO2021040725A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Grd Innovations Llc | Composite springs, composite spring assemblies, and methods for making the same |
DE102019213769A1 (de) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-11 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gummifeder |
DE102019214454A1 (de) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-25 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Schichtaufbau aus wenigstens einem elastomeren Material mit darin eingebetteten Fasern, Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schichtaufbaus sowie Luftfederbalg mit einem solchen Schichtaufbau |
DE102019135450A1 (de) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-05 | Gmt Gummi-Metall-Technik Gmbh | Artikel mit einem ein- oder mehrschichtigen Grundkörper mit elastischen Eigenschaften, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Artikels und Verwendung von Aluminiumhydroxid als verstärkenden Füllstoff in einer Kautschukmischung |
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Also Published As
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US10352388B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
EP3198168A1 (de) | 2017-08-02 |
WO2016045813A1 (de) | 2016-03-31 |
EP3198168B1 (de) | 2022-02-23 |
US20170307042A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
DE102014219613A1 (de) | 2016-03-31 |
ES2910958T3 (es) | 2022-05-17 |
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