CN106714546A - 用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统 - Google Patents

用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统 Download PDF

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CN106714546A
CN106714546A CN201580028584.6A CN201580028584A CN106714546A CN 106714546 A CN106714546 A CN 106714546A CN 201580028584 A CN201580028584 A CN 201580028584A CN 106714546 A CN106714546 A CN 106714546A
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steering
hydraulic cylinder
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V.帕穆特
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Marchesan Implementos e Maquinas Agricolas Tatu SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
    • B62D7/14—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
    • B62D7/142—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering specially adapted for particular vehicles, e.g. tractors, carts, earth-moving vehicles, trucks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B69/00—Steering of agricultural machines or implements; Guiding agricultural machines or implements on a desired track
    • A01B69/007—Steering or guiding of agricultural vehicles, e.g. steering of the tractor to keep the plough in the furrow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/10—Harvesting of standing crops of sugar cane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/003—Steerable axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B60B35/1036—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated with power assistance
    • B60B35/1054—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated with power assistance hydraulically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/10—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by type of power unit
    • B62D5/12—Piston and cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
    • B62D7/14—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
    • B62D7/15—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels
    • B62D7/1554—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels comprising a fluid interconnecting system between the steering control means of the different axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
    • B62D7/14—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
    • B62D7/15—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels
    • B62D7/1554—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels comprising a fluid interconnecting system between the steering control means of the different axles
    • B62D7/1563—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering characterised by means varying the ratio between the steering angles of the steered wheels comprising a fluid interconnecting system between the steering control means of the different axles provided with fluid control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/04—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque straight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/06—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque cranked

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
  • Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的由液压缸促动的转向系统，其中，收割机(80)包括后轴(23)和前轴(24)，具有与轴(23、24)相关的车轮组件(9)，其中，后轴(23)和前轴(24)具有转向系统，后轴(23)的转向系统是借助于双作用后液压缸(1)促动的，且前轴(24)的转向系统是借助于双作用前液压缸(11)促动的，液压缸(1、11)通过连接于转向器(65)的至少一个分流器(61)接收油流，转向器(65)是借助于收割机(80)的操纵轮(60)促动的，通过分流器(61)接收的油流与和操纵轮(60)的转向相关的因素成比例，转向系统允许车轮组件(9)的相对于收割机(80)的纵向轴线向右或向左在范围从0.5到40度的幅度内的转向。

Description

用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于设有车轮组件的甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的由液压缸促动的转向系统。
背景技术
甘蔗收割机器使用车轮组件或履带组件以用于在甘蔗田上移动。两种系统具有优点和缺点。
使用履带组件的甘蔗收割机是昂贵、重的且需要定期维护，此外与使用车轮组件相比具有短的使用寿命。
具有车轮组件的甘蔗收割机通常具有驱动轴(前或后驱动轴)和操纵轴。还可以使其具有完全的牵引，但操纵链接于单个轴。
使用车轮组件较不昂贵、更轻且无需维护。然而，难以执行曲线机动，因为这些收割机需要更大的转向半径。
用于收割机的各种类型的转向系统根据现有技术是已知的，例如，在专利文献MU85014326-2中描述的转向系统，该文献涉及具有柔性悬挂的用于收割机的底盘，其允许谷物收割机的前轴的和后轴的铰接。然而，在该文献中描述的系统的焦点是底盘悬挂，且其示出与在本专利申请中提出的不同的转向系统。
解决收割机转向半径问题的另一尝试在现有技术文献PI 0400321-7中提出，其采用用于前轴的转向系统的中心枢转，这修改转向半径，但仍具有比在本专利申请中提出的大的转向半径。
而且，可引用文献US 5,031,392、US 5,303,533、和US 4,270,337，它们提出了设有车轮组件和用在轴中的仅一个上的转向系统的现有技术收割机。
在本专利申请中提出的系统允许四车轮组件的铰接，从而实现了比在现有技术中提出的小的转向半径，且仍保持通过使用车轮组件而提供的优点。
发明目的
首先，本发明的目的是减小列尽头(end-of-street)机动所需的转向半径、当收割机从所收割的甘蔗的列离开、进入种植网格之间小路和返回所收割的甘蔗的下个列时的力矩。
本发明的另一目的是有助于且加快在收割甘蔗的操作中的收割机的必要重新对准。
发明内容
本发明具有提供用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统的目标，其中，收割机包括后轴和前轴，具有与轴相关的车轮组件。
后轴和前轴具有转向系统，后轴的所述转向系统是借助于双作用后液压缸促动的，且前轴的转向系统是借助于双作用前液压缸促动的。
后和前液压缸通过连接于转向器(orbitrol)的至少一个分流器接收油流，转向器是借助于甘蔗收割机的操纵轮促动的。
通过分流器接收的油流与和操纵轮的转向相关的因素成比例，而转向系统允许车轮组件的相对于甘蔗收割机的纵向轴线向右或向左的在范围从0.5到40度的幅度内的转向。
前轴包括用于悬挂系统的一对轴套管和一对安装销。
后轴的各车轮组件具有一对中心转向销，中心销借助于安装在轴承上的锁紧件和螺母固定于结构板，包括用于转向的支撑件和用于牵引系统的支撑件。
前液压缸具有右侧的压力/回流系统和左侧的压力/回流系统，且后液压缸具有右侧的压力/回流系统和左侧的压力/回流系统，该系统由分流器供给。
前液压与前双活塞相关且后液压缸与后双活塞相关。
液压缸的压力/回流系统能够允许双活塞的向左或向右的位移。
与前轴相关的前双活塞使其端部通过第一对铰接连接于第一对较大臂，且较大臂的端部通过第二对铰接连接于第一对较小臂，各较小臂连接于车轮毂的轴。
与后轴相关的后双活塞使其端部通过第三对铰接连接于第二对较大臂，且较大臂的端部通过第四对铰接连接于第二对较小臂，各较小臂连接于转向铰接。
附图说明
通过基于在下面列出的附图的以下详细说明，可更好理解由本发明提出的用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统：
图1是处于中心位置的转向系统的俯视图；
图2是处于铰接位置以用于向右的曲线机动的转向系统的俯视图；
图3是处于铰接位置以用于向左的机动的转向系统的俯视图；
图4是甘蔗收割机的后轴的视图；
图5是甘蔗收割机的转向半径的视图；
图6是后轴的转向系统的详细视图。
具体实施方式
如图1中可见，用于甘蔗收割机80的四个车轮的转向系统示为处于中心位置且包括后轴23和前轴24，具有与轴23、24相关的车轮组件9。
后轴23和前轴24具有转向系统，后轴23的转向系统是借助于双作用后液压缸1促动的，且前轴24的转向系统是借助于双作用前液压缸11促动的。
后1和前11液压轴通过连接于转向器65的至少一个分流器61接收油流，转向器65是借助于甘蔗收割机80的操纵轮60促动的。
通过分流器61接收的油流与和操纵轮60的转向相关的因素成比例，且因此转向系统允许车轮组件9的相对于甘蔗收割机80的纵向轴线向右或向左的0.5到40度的幅度的转向。
而且在图1中，可观察到，前液压缸11具有右侧12D的前压力/回流系统和左侧12E的前压力/回流系统，且后液压缸1具有右侧2D的后压力/回流系统和左侧2E的后压力/回流系统，该系统由分流器61供给。
在图1所示的本发明的优选实施例中，分流器81的出口将在前液压缸11的左侧12E供给前压力且在后液压缸的右侧2D供给后回流。分流器的另一出口将在前液压缸11的右侧12D供给前回流且在后液压缸1的左侧2E供给后压力。
在图2中，可观察到前液压缸11与双前活塞12相关且后液压缸1与双后活塞2相关。
图1中示出的液压缸1、11的压力/回流系统2E、2D、12E、12D允许图2中示出的双活塞2、12的向左或向右的位移。
在操作者转动操纵轮60以进行向右侧的曲线机动的情况下，如图2中所示，转向器65将促动前液压缸11，从而导致前双活塞12在左侧13增长且在右侧14变短，从而通过图3中示出的铰接51、52、53、54和图2中示出的臂15、16、17、18对车轮组件9传送转向移动。
而且在向右的曲线机动中，转向器65将也促动后液压缸1，后液压缸1将使其移动与前液压缸11成比例。
转向器65将促动后液压缸1，从而导致后双活塞2在右侧4增长且在左侧变短，从而通过图3中示出的铰接41、42、43、44和图2中示出的臂5、6、7、8对车轮组件9传送转向移动。
图3中观察到的向左的曲线机动将具有与向右的曲线机动相同的配置，唯一的区别在于液压缸1、1的位移，它们将是相反的。前双活塞12将在右侧14增长且在左侧13变短，同时后双活塞2将在左侧3增长且在右侧4变短。
可在图2中观察到，前轴24包括用于悬挂系统的一对轴套管33和一对安装销34。
后轴23和甘蔗收割机80在图4中示出。
图5示出甘蔗列90的和甘蔗收割机80如何在甘蔗列90之间移动的图示。可观察到通过车轮组件9的转向系统获得的在曲线内侧的转向半径95和曲线外侧的转向半径100。
后轴23的细节在图6中示出，其中，各车轮组件9包括一对中心转向销71，中心转向销71借助于安装在轴承74上的套管72固定于结构板22，包括转向支撑件21和牵引系统支撑件10
本发明的可能的配置是通过使用从动缸制作的。当操纵轮60转向时，由转向器65(其可包含或可不包含分流器61)发送的空气流将供给在前液压缸11左侧12E的前压力/回流系统，通过在前液压缸11右侧12D的压力压力/回流系统出来，且进入在后液压缸1右侧2D的后压力/回流系统，且通过在后液压缸左侧2E的后压力/回流系统出来。
该实施例将生成与在优选实施例中描述的等同的移动，从而将转向移动传送至车轮组件9。与轴相对于另一轴的转向相关的因素将通过液压缸1、11的截面的直径，且通过由转向器65和分流器61发送的流的差异来预先确定。
在本发明的另一可能的实施例中，后车轮组件9的转向仅在前车轮组件9的转向达到比在收割期间的较小对准所需的角度高的预定角度值(其范围可从0.5到40度)时解锁。以此方式，后车轮组件9的转向将解锁以用于大的调节和机动，从而有助于甘蔗收割机80的操作。
在上面示出的在后和前车轮组件9之间的该实施例还可关于前/后、左/右和右/左车轮组件9应用，其中，一个车轮组件9将仅当另一车轮组件9达到比在收割期间的较小对准所需的角度大的确定角度值时解锁。
用于四个车轮的转向系统允许在更大的输出和效率下使用甘蔗收割机80，主要在具有短甘蔗列的甘蔗种植园(其需要大量的曲线机动)中，且在具有窄的小路的甘蔗田(其中，收割机可在所收割的列上走或侵入待收割的甘蔗田以便设法进行曲线机动)中。
已公开了实施例的优选实例，应该理解的是，本发明的范围涵盖其他可能的变形，仅由所附权利要求的内容限制，权利要求的内容包括可能的等同物。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于甘蔗收割机的四个车轮的转向系统，所述收割机(80)包括后轴(23)和前轴(24)，具有与所述轴(23、24)相关的车轮组件(9)，其特征在于，所述后轴(23)和所述前轴(24)具有转向系统，所述后轴(23)的转向系统是借助于双作用后液压缸(1)促动的且所述前轴(24)的转向系统是借助于双作用前液压缸(11)促动的，所述后(1)和前(11)液压缸通过连接于转向器(65)的至少一个分流器(61)接收油流，所述转向器(65)是借助于所述甘蔗收割机(80)的操纵轮(60)促动的，通过所述分流器(61)接收的油流与和所述操纵轮(60)的转向相关的因素成比例，所述转向系统允许所述车轮组件(9)的相对于所述甘蔗收割机(80)的纵向轴线向右或向左在范围从0.5到40度的幅度内的转向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述前轴(24)包括用于悬挂系统的一对轴套管(33)和一对安装销(34)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述后轴(23)的各车轮组件(9)具有一对中心转向销(71)，所述中心转向销借助于安装在轴承(74)上的套管(72)固定于结构板(22)，包括转向支撑件(21)和牵引系统支撑件(10)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述前液压缸(11)具有右侧(12D)的前压力/回流系统和左侧(12E)的前压力/回流系统，且所述后液压缸(1)具有右侧(2D)的后压力/回流系统和左侧(2E)的后压力/回流系统，该系统由所述分流器(61)供给。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述前液压缸(11)与前双活塞(12)相关且所述后液压缸(1)与后双活塞(2)相关。
6.根据权利要求4和5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述液压缸(1、11)的压力/回流系统(2E、2D、12E、12D)能够使双活塞(2、12)向左或向右位移。
7.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，与所述前轴(24)相关的所述前双活塞(12)使其端部(13、14)通过第一对铰接(51、52)连接于第一对较大臂(15、16)，且所述较大臂(15、16)的端部通过第二对铰接(53、54)连接于第一对较小臂917、18)，各较小臂(17、18)连接于车轮毂(32)的轴(31)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，与所述后轴(23)相关的所述后双活塞(2)使其端部(3、4)通过第三对铰接941、42)连接于第二对较大臂(5、6)，且所述较大臂(5、6)的端部通过第四对铰接(43、44)连接于第二对较小臂(7、8)，各较小臂(7、8)连接于转向铰接(45、46)。
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