CN106702784A - 一种提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法 Download PDF

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CN106702784A
CN106702784A CN201611166262.0A CN201611166262A CN106702784A CN 106702784 A CN106702784 A CN 106702784A CN 201611166262 A CN201611166262 A CN 201611166262A CN 106702784 A CN106702784 A CN 106702784A
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real silk
silk fabric
pretreatment fluid
sodium
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付少海
李敏
张丽平
安亚洁
田安丽
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法,属于精细化工领域。本发明针对真丝织物双面渗透印花存在的渗透性不良和清晰度较低的问题,提出一种采用阴离子分散纳米多孔氧化物和渗透剂联合作用提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法,可明显提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性、清晰度、颜色深度及鲜艳度,该方法工艺简单,能够满足规模化生产和加工,预处理真丝织物的光泽、强力损伤小。

Description

一种提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法,属于精细化工领域。
背景技术
渗透印花是指通过对织物进行处理,令织物印花时正面的印花花型渗透到反面去,最终使织物正反面获得相差不大的印花效果。在真丝印花织物中,渗透印花独树一帜,在丝巾和工艺品的印花中运用广泛,利用喷墨印花技术进行真丝渗透印花更成为了一种新兴的流行趋势。
通过喷墨印花方式对真丝织物进行双面渗透印花时,容易出现低渗透性和低清晰度的问题。如果将墨水在织物中的扩散看作是在两个平面上同时进行,则一般的印花只考虑织物表面的渗透情况,并以降低渗透程度为目的进行防渗化整理,而对于渗透印花,既要确保织物表面不发生严重渗化现象,又要使墨水渗透到织物反面去。稀薄的真丝织物不经过预处理亦可以达到双面渗透印花,而对于纱支和经纬密较大的织物,不通过预处理难以达到正反面渗透印花的效果。
目前,提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的处理方法有以下几种:(1)上浆预处理,在浸轧的预处理液中添加增稠剂以堵塞纱线中纤维的毛细管,降低墨水在织物的渗化、提高印花清晰度,同时在浸轧的预处理液中添加渗透剂,增强墨水在织物中的渗透作用。例如,齐成分析织物渗透印花时,采用上浆的方式将小麦淀粉、CMC混合浆和渗透剂等施加到织物上;刘永庆将渗透剂JFC经上浆工艺施加到织物上;(2)阳离子改性,使具有反应性官能团的阳离子化合物与真丝纤维上的氨基和羟基发生反应,降低真丝表面的负电荷,减小纤维与染料间的斥力,提高真丝的上染率;(3)等离子体处理,与未经处理的织物相比,处理过后的织物纤维因刻蚀作用形成微细沟槽,造成光反射减弱,一定程度上提高颜色深度,同时能够抑制墨水在纱线毛细管内的流动,提高清晰度。
发明内容
本发明的目的:为采用喷墨印花进行真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理提供一种操作简单、成本低廉且高印花渗透性及清晰度的处理方法。通过预处理,不但可以提高真丝织物渗透印花的正反面印花效果,而且还可以堵塞纱线中纤维的毛细管,控制墨水在织物上的自由扩散,提高真丝织物印花清晰度。
本发明首先提供了一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,将阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体、增稠剂、吸湿保湿剂、固色剂、电解质、抗静电剂、抗菌剂和水按比例混合并搅拌均匀,按质量分数计,各组分比例为:1%-20%阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体、0.5%-3%增稠剂、4%-18%吸湿保湿剂、0.5%-2%固色剂、0.5%-2%抗静电剂、0%-5%电解质、0.5%-5%抗菌剂,其余加水补满100%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述预处理的配方为1%-40%阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体、0.5%-1%增稠剂、10%-18%吸湿保湿剂、0.5%-1%固色剂、0.5%-1%抗静电剂、0.5%-1%抗菌剂,其余加水补满100%。
所述的阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体制备的方法,是将对纳米多孔氧化物的质量分数为10%-50%的阴离子分散剂和0.5%-1%的消泡剂溶解到去离子水中,加入对阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体的质量分数为10%-30%的纳米多孔氧化物并混合均匀,用砂磨机进行研磨分散,制备平均粒径<200nm的分散体;所述的阴离子分散剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、亚甲基双甲基萘磺酸钠、磺酸钠盐、聚羧酸铵盐类中的一种或几种;所述的消泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷消泡剂、聚醚消泡剂、辛醇或戊醇中的一种或几种;所述的纳米多孔氧化物是纳米多孔氧化硅、纳米多孔氧化铝、纳米多孔氧化钛或纳米多孔氧化锌中的一种或几种。
所述的增稠剂可以是阴离子增稠剂也可是非离子增稠剂,阴离子增稠剂类例如:羧甲基纤维素CMC、羧甲基淀粉和海藻酸钠;非离子增稠剂类,例如瓜儿豆胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基淀粉、羟乙基纤维素、DGT-7和聚乙烯醇,选择其中一种或几种。
所述的吸湿保湿剂为聚乙二醇600、二甘醇、尿素、丙三醇、三甘醇、乙二醇、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1,4-丁二醇、季戊四醇、异丙醇和己内酰胺中的一种或几种。
所述的固色剂可以是碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、三乙醇胺、硼砂中的一种或几种。
所述的抗静电剂可以为高分子型抗静电剂,如聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酯乙酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、环氧丙烷共聚物;也可为非离子型抗静电剂,如山梨糖醇、乙醇酰胺、脂肪酸多元醇脂、羟乙基烷基胺、脂肪酰胺类。
所述的电解质为中性电解质,如硫酸铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠其中的一种或几种。
所述的抗菌剂可以是3-[三甲氧基硅基]丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵、1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮、5-氯-2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮、2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮、亚硝酸钠、苯甲酸钠中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供应用所述真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液对真丝织物进行双面渗透印花的方法,是将事先配好的预处理液通过一浸一轧的方式浸轧到真丝织物上去,轧余率控制在50%-80%之间,随后对织物进行60℃烘干处理,烘干后的织物既可进行直接的喷墨印花,喷墨印花之后及时对织物进行汽蒸固色,固色时间保持在15min-40min内,温度为100℃-110℃,湿度保持在50%RH-100%RH,结束固色后进行适宜的水洗烘干处理。
本发明针对真丝织物双面渗透印花存在的渗透性不良和清晰度较低的问题,提出一种采用阴离子分散纳米多孔氧化物和吸湿保湿剂联合作用提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性及清晰度的方法,可明显提高真丝织物双面渗透印花渗透性、清晰度、颜色深度及鲜艳度,该方法工艺简单,能够满足规模化生产和加工,预处理对真丝织物的强力损伤小。
具体实施方式
(1)测试印花颜色深度、鲜艳度
用喷墨印花机在真丝织物上打印CMYK四色色块,色块规格5cm×5cm,经过汽蒸水洗烘干后,使用CI7800电脑测配色仪器,在CIE Lab的系统,D65光源,10°视角的条件下,测试印花织物每个色块的K/S值和C*值。
(2)测试印花清晰度
用喷墨印花机在真丝织物上打印CMYK四色“十”字图形,打印线宽设为1mm,借助显微镜(5X低倍镜)观察并采用ToupView软件测量实际的打印线宽。
(3)印花织物断裂强力
在织物强力测试机上测试织物经纬向断裂强力,织物裁剪规格:20cm*5cm。
实施例1
(1)制备阴离子纳米多孔氧化铝分散体:将10%聚丙烯酸钠和1%聚二甲基硅氧烷溶解到去离子水中,加入30%纳米多孔氧化铝并混合均匀,用砂磨机进行研磨分散,制备平均粒径<200nm的纳米多孔氧化铝。
(2)制备预处理液:2%阴离子纳米多孔氧化铝分散体、1%海藻酸钠、12%丙三醇、1%碳酸钠、1%乙醇酰胺、0.5%5-氯-2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮,其余为水。
(3)浸轧烘干处理:将织物浸入到预处理液中5min,保证织物充分浸润后,对其进行一浸一轧处理,轧余率保持在70%,浸轧完毕后进行60℃烘干处理。
(4)喷墨印花:采用活性染料墨水对预处理后的真丝之后进行印花处理。
(5)汽蒸固色:将印花织物置于提前预热就绪的汽蒸机内(汽蒸环境:102℃,78%RH),汽蒸处理30min。
(6)水洗烘干处理:对汽蒸后的印花织物实行如下水洗工艺:冷水洗(2min)→热水洗(60℃,1min)→冷水洗(2min)→烘干(60℃)。
表一 预处理对渗透印花正反面颜色深度(K/S值)及鲜艳度(C*值)的提升效果
由表一可知,经本发明预处理液预处理后,渗透作用有了明显提高,织物正反面的颜色深度和鲜艳度有了大幅度增加,从视觉角度来看,织物反面已经达到渗透印花的效果。
以真丝织物渗透印花的红色“十”字印花区域为例,来说明印花清晰度的改善情况:预处理织物印花“十”字型的“丨”向线宽由1.39mm缩减到1.2mm;预处理织物印花“十”字型的“一”向线宽由1.42mm缩减到1.31mm,由此可知清晰度有了明显的提高。
表二 预处理对织物断裂强力的影响
由表二可知此预处理对真丝织物强力影响较小。
实施例2
(1)制备阴离子纳米多孔氧化硅分散体:将20%磺酸钠盐和0.5%戊醇溶解到去离子水中,加入30%纳米多孔氧化硅并混合均匀,用砂磨机进行研磨分散,制备平均粒径<200nm的纳米多孔氧化硅。
(2)制备预处理液:4%阴离子纳米多孔氧化硅分散体、1%CMC、6%尿素、10%二甘醇、1%碳酸氢钠、1%聚氧化乙烯、0.5%2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮,其余为水。
(3)浸轧烘干处理:将织物浸入到预处理液中5min,保证织物充分浸润后,对其进行一浸一轧处理,轧余率保持在80%左右,浸轧完毕后进行60℃烘干处理。
(4)喷墨印花:采用活性染料墨水对预处理后的真丝之后进行印花处理。
(5)汽蒸固色:将印花织物置于提前预热就绪的汽蒸机内(汽蒸环境:102℃,78%RH),汽蒸处理35min。
(6)水洗烘干处理:对汽蒸后的印花织物实行如下水洗工艺:冷水洗(2min)→热水洗(60℃,1min)→冷水洗(2min)→烘干(60℃)。
表三:预处理对渗透印花正反面颜色深度(K/S值)及鲜艳度(C*值)的提升效果
由表三可知,经预处理后,渗透作用有了明显提高,织物正反面的颜色深度和鲜艳度有了大幅度增加,从视觉角度来看,织物反面已经达到渗透印花的效果。
以真丝织物渗透印花的红色“十”字印花区域为例,来说明印花清晰度的改善情况:预处理织物印花“十”字型的“丨”向线宽由1.39mm缩减到1.24mm;预处理织物印花“十”字型的“一”向线宽由1.42mm缩减到1.35mm,由此可知清晰度有了明显的提高。
表四 预处理对织物断裂强力的影响
由表四可知此预处理对真丝织物强力影响较小。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,将阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体、增稠剂、吸湿保湿剂、固色剂、电解质、抗静电剂、抗菌剂和水按比例混合并搅拌均匀;按质量分数计,各组分比例为:1%-20%阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体、0.5%-3%增稠剂、4%-18%吸湿保湿剂、0.5%-2%固色剂、0.5%-2%抗静电剂、0%-5%电解质、0.5%-5%抗菌剂,其余加水补满100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体制备的方法,是将对纳米多孔氧化物的质量分数为10%-50%的阴离子分散剂和0.5%-1%的消泡剂溶解到去离子水中,加入对阴离子纳米多孔氧化物分散体的质量分数为10%-30%的纳米多孔氧化物并混合均匀,用砂磨机进行研磨分散,制备平均粒径<200nm的分散体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的阴离子分散剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、亚甲基双甲基萘磺酸钠、磺酸钠盐、聚羧酸铵盐类中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的消泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷消泡剂、聚醚消泡剂、辛醇或戊醇中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2或3或4所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的纳米多孔氧化物是纳米多孔氧化硅、纳米多孔氧化铝、纳米多孔氧化钛或纳米多孔氧化锌中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的增稠剂是阴离子增稠剂或非离子增稠剂;阴离子增稠剂包括羧甲基纤维素CMC、羧甲基淀粉和海藻酸钠;非离子增稠剂类包括瓜儿豆胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基淀粉、羟乙基纤维素、DGT-7和聚乙烯醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的吸湿保湿剂为聚乙二醇600、二甘醇、尿素、丙三醇、三甘醇、乙二醇、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1,4-丁二醇、季戊四醇、异丙醇和己内酰胺中的一种或几种;所述的固色剂可以是碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、三乙醇胺、硼砂中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的抗静电剂可以为高分子型抗静电剂,包括聚醚酯酰胺、聚醚酯乙酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、环氧丙烷共聚物;或者非离子型抗静电剂,包括山梨糖醇、乙醇酰胺、脂肪酸多元醇脂、羟乙基烷基胺、脂肪酰胺类。
9.根据权利要求1或7所述的一种真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液,其特征在于,所述的电解质为中性电解质,如硫酸铵、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠其中的一种或几种;所述的抗菌剂可以是3-[三甲氧基硅基]丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵、1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮、5-氯-2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮、2-甲基-1-异噻唑啉-3-酮、亚硝酸钠、苯甲酸钠中的一种或几种。
10.一种应用权利要求1~9任一所述真丝织物双面渗透印花预处理液对真丝织物进行双面渗透印花的方法,其特征在于,是将事先配好的预处理液通过一浸一轧的方式浸轧到真丝织物上去,轧余率控制在50%-80%之间,随后对织物进行60℃烘干处理,烘干后的织物直接进行喷墨印花,喷墨印花之后及时对织物进行汽蒸固色,固色时间保持在15min-40min内,温度为100℃-110℃,湿度保持在50%RH-100%RH,结束固色后进行适宜的水洗烘干处理。
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