CN106699393B - Preparation method of special fertilizer for downy grape and special equipment thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of special fertilizer for downy grape and special equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106699393B CN106699393B CN201611267761.9A CN201611267761A CN106699393B CN 106699393 B CN106699393 B CN 106699393B CN 201611267761 A CN201611267761 A CN 201611267761A CN 106699393 B CN106699393 B CN 106699393B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a special fertilizer for downy grapes and special equipment thereof. In addition, the special fertilizer for downy grapes comprises the following raw material components: peat soil, fermented bean cakes, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, light burned magnesium, silicon calcium fertilizer, potassium magnesium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, chelated copper, ferrous sulfate, complexed urea Zn, complexed boron micro-fertilizer, silicon dioxide, plant growth regulator, tea bran and filler; the product meets the nutritional requirement of the downy grape in the growth process through reasonable proportioning of the raw materials, and meanwhile, the simple and efficient preparation method accelerates the production period of the fertilizer and saves the cost, and has excellent effects of improving the yield and the quality of the downy grape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a special fertilizer for downy grapes and special equipment thereof.
Background
Vitis heyneana Roem. etSchult is a wild species with widely distributed middle east subfamily of the grape species (VitisLinn.) and is native to China. It has the characteristics of strong adaptability, disease resistance, cold resistance and the like, also contains a plurality of nutrient elements, and can brew the wild grape wine with unique flavor; is very popular with consumers. The wild downy grape in Guangxi has abundant resources and large wild storage amount, and the wild berries are used for brewing the grape wine in the early 50 s of the 20 th century for a long time. However, the typical acid soil in the south is also an important factor which always restricts the development of the current grape industry, and related researches show that: the relevance of pH to soil organic matters, quick-acting phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, effective iron and the like is high. The nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have important influence on the growth, yield and quality of the grapes.
Wild downy grapes in Guangxi are generally in relatively severe environments such as mountainous regions, hills, stony desertification mountain areas and the like, soil resources are fragile, and the current situation of physics and chemistry is poor. Reasonably supplement nutrients required by the growth of the downy grapes, and have very positive effects on improving the yield and quality of the downy grapes, improving the economic benefit of farmers and protectively developing stony desertification areas. However, the downy grapes are planted in mountainous regions, hills and rocky desertification mountainous regions, fertilizer is applied for multiple times according to the growth rule of the downy grapes, the labor and the time are wasted, moreover, most of farmers are planted in the downy grapes, the management difficulty is high, and the enthusiasm of the farmers in planting is directly influenced. Therefore, a special fertilizer for downy grapes, which can simplify the fertilizing mode and improve the fertilizing efficiency, is urgently needed, so that the labor intensity is reduced, technical support is provided for the development of downy grape planting industry, and the economic benefit of downy grape growers is improved.
The prior art for fertilizers applied to vitis heyneana is now excerpted as follows:
1. chinese patent: a special fertilizer for downy grapes and a production method thereof, which is applied by the professional cooperative society of Murray, Mulao, autonomous county, Yongfu ecological planting and breeding farmers at 10 and 27 Ri 2015, discloses a special fertilizer for downy grapes, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of turf, 5-10 parts of enzyme, 5-3 parts of Zn1-3 parts of sulfuric acid, 0.1-0.5 part of potassium sulfate, 50-70 parts of bagasse, 60-90 parts of chicken manure, 30-50 parts of bean dregs and 10-20 parts of peat soil. Sealing the chicken manure in a soil pit for 30-60 days, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermented chicken manure; semi-carbonizing bagasse and bean dregs; uniformly mixing the fermented chicken manure, the treated raw material, turf, enzyme, Zn sulfate, potassium sulfate and peat soil to obtain a raw material of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes; and sterilizing the raw materials of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes, and granulating to obtain the finished product. Only organic fertilizer is used, medium trace elements are not supplemented, and long-term nutrient deficiency or nutrient competition fierce of downy grapes is easily caused, so that fruit drop is serious.
Aiming at the defects of the extracted technical scheme, the inventor researches a special fertilizer for the downy grapes, which has simple and feasible preparation method and reliable method, can meet the nutrition required by the growth of the downy grapes after fertilization and can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests and serious fruit drop.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method and equipment of a special fertilizer for downy grapes, comprehensively considers the soil nutrient supply characteristics, the downy grape planting characteristics and the growth fertilizer requirement rule of a downy grape planting area in Guangxi areas to provide comprehensive nutrition and improve the ecological environment, and adopts a scientific and efficient preparation method to improve the yield and the quality of the downy grapes by combining the proportions of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, plant growth regulator, tea bran, filler and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a special fertilizer for vitis heyneana, which comprises the following steps:
(a) metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: sequentially passing the raw materials weighed in the step (a) through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt, respectively discharging the raw materials from at least two weighing hoppers, sequentially pouring the raw materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing the raw materials in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water content of the raw materials is kept at 5-8% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: sequentially passing the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) through a second bag-type dust collector and a crusher, removing and fully crushing the dust of the mixed raw material, and then completing primary granulation through a granulator to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher is 800 plus 1200 rpm, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after the granulation is completed through the granulator is 0.5-3.0 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer, introducing hot air generated by combustion in a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer, fully drying the fertilizer crude product 1, and then sequentially passing through a first cooler, a second cooler, a first cylindrical sieve and a second cylindrical sieve to finish secondary granulation, wherein the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 1.0-4.75mm, the drying temperature is 60-85 ℃, furnace ash generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace is treated by a second bag-type dust collector and a crusher and then is recycled as a raw material, the cooling time of the first cooler is 7-10min, the cooling time of the second cooler is 5-8min, the sieve aperture of the first cylindrical sieve is 4.0-6.0mm, and the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve is 1.5-4.0 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine for molasses spraying operation, uniformly coating molasses on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and conveying the finished product into a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
The invention provides production equipment of the special fertilizer for the vitis heyneana, which comprises a metering device, a stirrer, a primary granulating device and a secondary granulating device, wherein the metering device, the stirrer, the primary granulating device and the secondary granulating device are connected through a second conveying belt;
the metering device comprises at least two metering hoppers, a conveying belt in a surrounding skirt shape is arranged in each metering hopper, the output ends of the conveying belts corresponding to the at least two metering hoppers are connected with a first conveying belt, and the output end of the first conveying belt is connected with the stirring machine; two side edges of the first conveying belt are provided with automatic water spraying devices;
the primary granulation device comprises a second bag-type dust collector, a crusher and a granulator, the second bag-type dust collector is connected with the crusher through a second conveying belt, and the crusher is connected with the granulator through the second conveying belt and a granulation belt in sequence;
the secondary granulation device comprises a dryer, a second cooler, a first cooler, a second cylindrical sieve and a first cylindrical sieve which are sequentially connected through a second conveying belt, and the input end of the dryer is connected with the output end of the granulator through the second conveying belt; the input end of the dryer is externally connected with a fluidized bed furnace, and the output end of the dryer is sequentially externally connected with a second bag-type dust collector and a hot induced draft fan; and the first cooler and the second cooler are both externally connected with a cooling draught fan.
The equipment further comprises a film coating machine and a finished product bin, wherein the film coating machine is connected with the first drum sieve through a film coating belt and a second conveying belt in sequence, and the film coating machine is connected with the finished product bin through the second conveying belt.
An automatic molasses spraying device is arranged in the coating machine and comprises an outer barrel spraying hole, an inner barrel spraying hole, a base, a molasses inlet, a rotating shaft, a water inlet, a spherical outer barrel and a spherical inner barrel, wherein the inner barrel is nested in the outer barrel, a 10-15cm gap is formed between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, the outer barrel spraying hole is formed in the side wall of the outer barrel, the inner barrel spraying hole is formed in the side wall of the inner barrel, the rotating shaft is arranged at the axis of the outer barrel and the inner barrel and is arranged on the base, the rotating shaft is fixed relative to the outer barrel and the inner barrel, the molasses inlet and the water inlet are formed in the base, and the; the water inlet is communicated with the inner cylinder, the sugar inlet is communicated with the outer cylinder, the jet holes of the outer cylinder are in a structure with a large inner diameter and a small outer diameter, and the calibers of the jet holes of the inner cylinder are respectively 3-4 mm and 5.5-6.5 mm.
The measuring hopper is internally provided with a skirt-shaped conveyor belt, the two side edges of the conveyor belt are skirt-shaped, the distance between the two skirt edges is 3-5cm, the included angle formed by each skirt edge and the upper surface of the base belt is 90-150 degrees, and the length of each skirt edge is 70-110 mm.
The automatic water spraying device arranged on two sides of the first conveying belt comprises a water tank, a water pump, a hydraulic manifold block, a water flow signal sensor, a three-way valve, a water spraying frame, a spraying head, a water tank, a water level meter and a controller, wherein a water inlet of the water pump is connected with the water tank, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with the hydraulic manifold block, the water pipe connected with the water outlet end of the hydraulic manifold block is provided with the water flow signal sensor, the water flow signal sensor is connected with the three-way valve, one way of the three-way valve is connected with the water spraying frame, the other way of the three-way valve is connected with the water tank, the water level meter is arranged in the water tank and is connected with the controller, the water spraying frame is a frame which is full of the two sides and the top surface of the first conveying belt, the water spraying frame is also provided with at least six water spraying barrels, the water spraying barrels, the water spraying holes are in a conical structure with a large inner part and a small outer part.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention also provides raw material components of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes, wherein the mass percentage of nutrients in the effective components of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes is N15-25%, and P2O512 to 18 percent of the fertilizer, and K10 to 15 percent of the fertilizer, and the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake.
Preferably, according to one technical scheme of the invention, the raw materials of the special fertilizer for downy grapes comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300-400 parts of peat soil, 150-250 parts of fermented bean cakes, 10-30 parts of amino acid, 120-160 parts of molasses waste liquid, 40-80 parts of urea, 50-120 parts of ammonium sulfate, 40-90 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15-45 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-50 parts of diammonium phosphate, 25-65 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-30 parts of potassium nitrate, 15-35 parts of light burned magnesium, 20-60 parts of calcium silicon fertilizer, 30-60 parts of potassium magnesium sulfate, 20-60 parts of magnesium sulfate, 20-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-50 parts of chelated copper, 15-45 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15-20 parts of complexed urea Zn 5-20 parts, 10-35 parts of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, 6-18 parts of plant growth regulator, 6-12 parts of tea bran and 15-35 parts of filler.
Preferably, according to another technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer comprises 350 parts of peat soil, 200 parts of fermented bean cakes, 20 parts of amino acids, 150 parts of molasses waste liquid, 60 parts of urea, 80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 60 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of potassium nitrate, 25 parts of light burned magnesium, 40 parts of calcium silicon fertilizer, 45 parts of potassium magnesium sulfate, 40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 40 parts of chelated copper, 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 25 parts of complexed urea Zn12, 20 parts of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 30 parts of silicon dioxide, 12 parts of plant growth regulator, 8 parts of tea bran and 25 parts of filler.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator in the raw materials of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is one or more of gibberellin, compound sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the filler is prepared by treating furnace ash generated after hot air operation in a boiling furnace by a second bag-type dust collector and a crusher.
The organic fertilizer molasses waste liquid used by the invention is collected locally in Guangxi Hechi Luo Mulao county and then can be put into production through simple treatment without additional purchase.
The complex urea Zn and the complex boron micro-fertilizer are directly purchased from Xuzhou city, Tian science and technology Limited company and do not need to be specially prepared.
The plant growth regulator gibberellin, the compound sodium nitrate and the naphthylacetic acid are directly purchased, the gibberellin and the fertilizer can be mutually synergistic after being mixed, particularly, the plant growth regulator gibberellin and the fertilizer can produce a yield increase effect after being mixed with urea, and after the plant growth regulator is contacted with plants, cell elongation is accelerated, cell division is promoted, and cell activity is improved; the compound sodium nitrate is a strong cell activator, can quickly permeate into a plant body after contacting with the plant, promotes the flow of cell protoplasm, and improves the cell activity; the naphthylacetic acid has the functions of promoting flowering, preventing fruit drop, accelerating ripening and increasing yield.
The production method used by the invention can produce the special fertilizer for the downy grapes by using the production equipment used by the invention, the production equipment and the production equipment are used in a matched manner, and the effect of the invention can not be achieved by only assembling and producing the special fertilizer by using other known equipment.
The applicant hereby states that: the method is an enterprise for researching and producing the ecological organic formula fertilizer and the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer based on the energy-saving and environment-friendly organic remainder resource of the industry and agriculture, a lot of products are made in the aspects of researching and developing the energy-saving and environment-friendly resource utilization of the organic remainder of the industry and agriculture, the ecological formula fertilizer and the like for many years, and some products are tested and inspected to be put into the market. At present, several patents applied by our enterprises on the same day are the own achievements in scientific research, and in the application on the same day, a preparation method and equipment for a special fertilizer for oil tea, a preparation method and equipment for a special fertilizer for downy grape, a preparation method and equipment for a special fertilizer for walnut, a special fertilizer for sugarcane and a production method thereof, a special fertilizer for mulberry and a production method thereof, and a special fertilizer for orange and a production method thereof have similar parts in the formulas and processes, but the patents are series products, and the application of the patents aims to protect the series products, but do not have other purposes.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention different from the prior art are as follows:
(1) the equipment structure is novel, and efficiency is higher. The equipment used by the invention is different from the traditional equipment for preparing the fertilizer, is novel and unique, has high-efficiency and simple process flow, and can effectively improve the production efficiency of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes; the first conveyor belt is provided with an automatic water spraying device, so that the raw materials can be fully and uniformly wetted before being mixed, the adhesiveness of the raw materials is kept, and the raw materials can be fully mixed; the dryer provides hot air to dry the fertilizer products through the fluidized bed furnace, so that the drying efficiency of the crude fertilizer product is improved, the moisture on the surfaces of the crude fertilizer product particles subjected to secondary granulation is fully volatilized and evaporated to dryness, the hardness is moderate and the crude fertilizer product particles are not easy to break, and the original physical and chemical properties of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are ensured. Meanwhile, furnace ash generated by combustion of the fluidized bed furnace can be recycled; the automatic molasses spraying device arranged in the coating machine enables the surface of the special fertilizer particles for downy grapes to have good permeability and luster after being coated with molasses, and is beneficial to slow release of nutrients and fertilizer efficiency prolonging in the later fertilizing process.
(2) Has abundant nutrition and high yield. The raw materials of the invention adopt a mode of mixing and proportioning organic and inorganic elements, and the inorganic elements do not lack medium trace elements, so that the method is different from the prior art that only organic fertilizers or only inorganic fertilizers are used for fertilizing the downy grapes, soil hardening is easy to cause, and the absorption of the downy grapes to effective nutrient components is not facilitated. Therefore, in the aspect of raw material selection, organic matters rich in N, P, K and medium and trace elements are selected and reasonably proportioned, the requirements of the downy grapes on nutrition in each growth period are met, soil nutrients are balanced, hardening is prevented, a certain slow release effect is achieved, the development of tree root systems is promoted, the yield is improved by more than 32.53% compared with the yield of fertilizers used for the downy grapes on the market, the soluble solid matters, the total acids, the total phenols, the resveratrol, the tannins and the total anthocyanins, which affect the quality of the downy grapes, are improved, a grower is helped to obtain high-quality downy grapes, and the wide popularization of the planted downy grapes in the market is facilitated.
(3) The complex state trace element fertilizer is used to ensure the stable absorption of beneficial trace elements. According to the invention, the soil condition of parts of areas in Guangxi is fully considered, most areas in Guangxi are the quaternary red soil, 80% of the soil is deficient in Zn and boron, and the complex B element and Zn element are added in combination with the growth habit of the downy grapes, so that the deficiency of the soil in Guangxi is supplemented, and the stable absorption of the downy grapes on the two beneficial trace elements is promoted. The inorganic fertilizer which is different from the traditional fertilizer and is directly added with related elements not only can not supplement nutrient elements, but also can cause soil hardening. And the complex state microelement fertilizer is used for promoting the absorption of trace elements so as to increase the yield of the downy grapes and prevent the downy grapes from generating nutrient deficiency symptoms to influence harvest.
(4) Adding beneficial elements (Se). The Se element can promote N, P, K and other nutrient elements to transfer from mature part to growth part and increase the content of nutrient elements in rhizome and leaf surface, so as to promote the growth of downy grape and promote the synthesis and accumulation of total acid, total phenol, resveratrol, tannin and total anthocyanin.
(5) Changing waste into valuable and saving resources. The organic matter used by the invention mainly comes from molasses waste liquid left after the local enterprises in the river basin of Guangxi province finish production, and the content of the local peat soil organic matter reaches more than 40 percent due to the unique geographical environment of the river basin, so that the reasonable utilization of industrial waste materials not only saves resources and protects the environment, but also helps to increase the yield of the downy grapevines and enrich beneficial nutritional ingredients. Meanwhile, furnace ash generated by the fluidized bed furnace used in the device can be reused as a filler of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes, so that the cost is saved and the environment is protected.
(6) The tea bran is added, so that the crop can be recycled, the insecticidal effect is achieved, common downy grape pests can be effectively inhibited, and the quality of the downy grapes is improved.
(7) The preparation process is simple and practical, and the economic benefit is improved. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and feasible flow, small raw material weighing error, good overall sealing performance of the preparation system, high purity of the prepared fertilizer, short production period, contribution to large-scale production and capability of saving the production cost by more than 30%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the molasses spraying device in the equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic, schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view of a apron-like conveyor belt in a weighing hopper of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the automatic water spraying device in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the shower head 36 of the automatic water jet device of the apparatus of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-a measuring hopper, 2-a first conveying belt, 3-a stirrer, 4-a cooling induced draft fan, 5-furnace dust, 6-a fluidized bed furnace, 7-a dryer, 8-a first bag-type dust remover, 9-a hot induced draft fan, 10-a finished product bin, 11-a crusher, 12-a film coating machine, 12-1: coating belt, 13-granulator, 13-1: the device comprises a granulation belt, 14-a second bag-type dust collector, 15-a second cylinder plug sieve, 16-a first cooler, 17-a first cylinder sieve, 18-a second cooler, 19-a second conveyor belt, 20-an outer cylinder, 21-an inner cylinder, 22-an outer cylinder jet hole, 23-an inner cylinder jet hole, 24-a base, 25-a sugar inlet, 26-a rotating shaft, 27-a water inlet, 28-a skirt edge and 29-a base band. 30-a water pool, 31-a water pump, 32-a hydraulic integrated block, 33-a water flow signal sensor, 34-a three-way valve, 35-a water spraying frame, 36-a spraying head, 37-a water tank, 38-a water level meter, 39-a controller, 40-a water spraying cylinder, 41-a water spraying hole and 42-a water spraying pipe.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the essence of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples
Example 1
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
(a) metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 5-7% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 800-1000 revolutions per minute, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after granulation is completed through the granulator (13) is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion of a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer (7), fully drying the fertilizer crude product 1, and then sequentially passing through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical sieve (17) and a second cylindrical sieve (15) to complete secondary granulation, wherein the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 1.5-3.5mm, the drying temperature is 60-85 ℃, furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is used as a raw material for recycling, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 7-10min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 5-8min, the sieve pore diameter of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 4.0-6.0mm, the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 1.5-4.0 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
(2) Equipment: the reference to fig. 1 includes: the device comprises a metering device, a stirrer, a primary granulating device and a secondary granulating device which are connected through a second conveying belt;
the metering device comprises at least two metering hoppers (1), a conveying belt with a surrounding edge shape is arranged in each metering hopper (1), the output ends of the conveying belts corresponding to the at least two metering hoppers (1) are connected with a first conveying belt (2), and the output end of the first conveying belt (2) is connected with a stirrer (3); two side edges of the first conveying belt (2) are provided with automatic water spraying devices;
the primary granulating device comprises a second bag-type dust collector (14), a crusher (11) and a granulator (13), the second bag-type dust collector (14) is connected with the crusher (11) through a second conveying belt (19), and the crusher is connected with the granulator (13) sequentially through the second conveying belt (19) and a granulating belt (13-1);
the secondary granulation device comprises a dryer (7), a second cooler (18), a first cooler (16), a second cylindrical sieve (15) and a first cylindrical sieve (17), which are sequentially connected through a second conveying belt (19), and the input end of the dryer (7) is connected with the output end of the granulator (13) through the second conveying belt (19); the input end of the dryer (7) is externally connected with a fluidized bed furnace (6), and the output end of the dryer is sequentially externally connected with a first bag-type dust collector (8) and a hot induced draft fan (9); and the first cooler (16) and the second cooler (18) are externally connected with a cooling induced draft fan (4).
Still include among the above-mentioned equipment coating machine (12) and finished product storehouse (10), coating machine loops through coating belt (12-1), second conveyer belt (19) and connects first drum sieve (17), coating machine (12) are connected with finished product storehouse (10) through second conveyer belt (19).
An automatic molasses spraying device is arranged in the film coating machine (12) and comprises an outer barrel spraying hole (22), an inner barrel spraying hole (23), a base (24), a molasses inlet (25), a rotating shaft (26), a water inlet (27), a spherical outer barrel (20) and an inner barrel (21), the inner barrel (21) is nested in the outer barrel (20), a gap of 10-15cm is reserved between the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the outer barrel spraying hole (22) is formed in the side wall of the outer barrel (20), the inner barrel spraying hole (23) is formed in the side wall of the inner barrel (21), the rotating shaft (26) is arranged at the axis of the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the rotating shaft (26) is installed on the base (24), the rotating shaft (26) is fixed relative to the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the molasses inlet (25) and the water inlet (27), the sugar inlet (25) and the water inlet (27) penetrate through the base (24); the water inlet (27) is communicated with the inner cylinder (21), the sugar inlet (25) is communicated with the outer cylinder (20), the outer cylinder jet hole (22) is of a cone structure with a large inner diameter and a small outer diameter, and the calibers of the inner cylinder jet hole (23) are respectively 3mm-4mm and 5.5mm-6.5 mm.
The measuring hopper (1) is internally provided with a skirt-shaped conveyor belt, the two side edges of the conveyor belt are skirt-shaped, the distance between the two skirt edges is 3-5cm, the included angle formed by each skirt edge and the upper surface of the base belt is 90-150 degrees, and the length of each skirt edge is 70-110 mm.
The automatic water spraying device arranged on the two side edges of the first conveying belt (2) comprises a water pool (30), a water pump (31), a hydraulic manifold block (32), a water flow signal sensor (33), a three-way valve (34), a water spraying frame (35), a spraying head (36), a water tank (37), a water level meter (38) and a controller (39), wherein a water inlet of the water pump (31) is connected with the water pool (30), a water outlet of the water pump (31) is connected with the hydraulic manifold block (32), the water pipe connecting the hydraulic manifold block (32) with the water outlet end is provided with the water flow signal sensor (33), the water flow signal sensor (33) is connected with the three-way valve (34), one way of the three-way valve (34) is connected with the water spraying frame (35), the other way is connected with the water tank (37), the water level meter (38) is arranged in the water tank (37), and the water level meter (38), the water spraying frame (35) is a frame which is full of two sides of the first conveying belt (2) and the top surface, the water spraying frame (35) is further provided with at least six water spraying cylinders (40), the water spraying cylinders (40) are provided with water spraying pipes (42) from inside to outside, the outer ends of the water spraying pipes (42) are connected with the water spraying frame (35), the outer circumference of each water spraying cylinder (40) is full of water spraying holes (41), and the water spraying holes (41) are in a conical structure with a large inside and a small outside.
(3) The raw material proportion of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is as follows: the fertilizer special for downy grapes comprises the following active ingredients, by mass, N20-25% and P2O515-18% of the fertilizer, and K12-15% of the fertilizer, wherein the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake. The plant growth regulator is prepared by treating 300kg of peat soil, 250kg of fermented bean cakes, 10kg of amino acid, 160kg of molasses waste liquid, 40kg of urea, 120kg of ammonium sulfate, 40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 45kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 10kg of diammonium phosphate, 65kg of potassium sulfate, 10kg of potassium nitrate, 35kg of light burned magnesium, 20kg of silicon calcium fertilizer, 60kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 20kg of magnesium sulfate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 20kg of chelated copper, 45kg of ferrous sulfate, 45kg of complexed urea Zn5kg, 35kg of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 20kg of silicon dioxide, 6kg of plant growth regulator, 6kg of tea bran and 35kg of filler, wherein the plant growth regulator is provided by one or more of gibberellin, complex sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the filler is furnace ash (5) generated by combustion of a boiling furnace (6) and then treated by a second bag dust collector (14) and a crusher (11).
Example 2
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, the following steps are included
(a) Metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 6-8% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 900-1200 rpm, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after granulation is completed through the granulator (13) is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion of a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer (7), fully drying the fertilizer crude product 1, and then sequentially passing through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical sieve (17) and a second cylindrical sieve (15) to complete secondary granulation, wherein the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 2.0-4.0mm, the drying temperature is 60-85 ℃, furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is used as a raw material for recycling, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 8-10min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 6-8min, and the sieve pore diameter of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 4.5-5.5mm, the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 2.0-3.5 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
(2) The apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
(3) The raw material proportion of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is as follows: wherein the mass percentage of nutrients in the active ingredients of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is N15E20%、P2O512-16% of the fertilizer, K10-13% of the fertilizer, and the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake. The plant growth regulator is prepared by treating 400kg of peat soil, 150kg of fermented bean cakes, 10kg of amino acid, 120kg of molasses waste liquid, 80kg of urea, 50kg of ammonium sulfate, 90kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 50kg of diammonium phosphate, 25kg of potassium sulfate, 30kg of potassium nitrate, 15kg of light burned magnesium, 60kg of silicon calcium fertilizer, 30kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 60kg of magnesium sulfate, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of chelated copper, 15kg of ferrous sulfate, 15kg of complexed urea Zn20kg, 10kg of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 40kg of silicon dioxide, 6kg of plant growth regulator, 7kg of tea bran and 35kg of filler, wherein the plant growth regulator is provided by one or more of gibberellin, complex sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the filler is furnace ash (5) generated by combustion of a boiling furnace (6) and then treated by a second bag dust collector (14) and a crusher (11).
Example 3
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, the following steps are included
(a) Metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 5-7% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 800-;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion of a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer (7), fully drying the fertilizer crude product 1, and then sequentially passing through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical sieve (17) and a second cylindrical sieve (15) to complete secondary granulation, wherein the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 2.0-4.0mm, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is used as a raw material for recycling, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 7-9min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 5-7min, and the sieve pore diameter of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 4.0-5.5mm, the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 2.0-3.5 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
(2) The apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
(3) The raw material proportion of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is as follows: the fertilizer special for downy grapes comprises the following active ingredients, by mass, N15-25% and P2O512 to 18 percent of the fertilizer, and K10 to 15 percent of the fertilizer, and the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake. Wherein 320kg of peat soil, 230kg of fermented bean cake, 10kg of amino acid, 120kg of molasses waste liquid, 50kg of urea, 100kg of ammonium sulfate, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 35kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 50kg of potassium sulfate, 15kg of potassium nitrate, 30kg of light burned magnesium, 30kg of silicon calcium fertilizer, 50kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 30kg of magnesium sulfate, 45kg of calcium superphosphate, 30kg of chelated copper, 30kg of ferrous sulfate, 10kg of complexed urea Zn10kg, 25kg of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 35kg of silicon dioxide and 10kg of plant growth regulatorkg. 7kg of tea bran and 30kg of filler, wherein the plant growth regulator is provided by one or more of gibberellin, compound sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the filler is prepared by treating furnace ash (5) generated by combustion of a boiling furnace (6) by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11).
Example 4
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
(a) metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 6-7% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 900-1100 revolutions per minute, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after granulation is completed through the granulator (13) is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion in a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer (7) to fully dry the fertilizer crude product 1, then sequentially passes through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical screen (17) and a second cylindrical screen (15), then the secondary granulation is finished, the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 1.5-3.0mm, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is recycled as a raw material, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 8min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 6min, the sieve aperture of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 4.5-5.5mm, and the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 2.5-4.0 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
(2) The apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
(3) The raw material proportion of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is as follows: the fertilizer special for downy grapes comprises the following active ingredients, by mass, N16-20% and P2O513-17% of the fertilizer, and K12-14% of the fertilizer, wherein the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake. 380kg of peat soil, 180kg of fermented bean cakes, 30kg of amino acid, 160kg of molasses waste liquid, 70kg of urea, 60kg of ammonium sulfate, 70kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 40kg of diammonium phosphate, 30kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of potassium nitrate, 20kg of light burned magnesium, 50kg of silicon calcium fertilizer, 40kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 50kg of magnesium sulfate, 30kg of calcium superphosphate, 45kg of chelated copper, 20kg of ferrous sulfate, 15kg of complexed urea Zn15kg, 15kg of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 35kg of silicon dioxide, 10kg of plant growth regulator, 10kg of tea bran and 30kg of filler, wherein the plant growth regulator is provided by one or more of gibberellin, sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the filler is prepared by treating furnace ash (5) generated by combustion of a boiling furnace (6) with a second bag dust collector (14) and a crusher (11).
Example 5
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
(a) metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 6-8% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 900-1200 rpm, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after granulation is completed through the granulator (13) is 0.5-2.5 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion in a fluidized bed furnace into the dryer (7) to fully dry the fertilizer crude product 1, then sequentially passes through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical screen (17) and a second cylindrical screen (15), then the secondary granulation is finished, the granularity of the obtained fertilizer crude product 2 particles is 2.0-4.0mm, wherein the drying temperature is 60-85 ℃, the furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is recycled as a raw material, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 9min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 7min, the sieve aperture of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 5.0-5.5mm, and the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 2.5-3.0 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: and (d) conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection, qualification and packaging to obtain the special fertilizer for the downy grapes.
(2) The apparatus used in this example was the same as in example 1.
(3) The raw material proportion of the special fertilizer for downy grapes is as follows: it is composed ofThe fertilizer special for vitis vinifera contains N18-20% by mass of nutrients and P2O514% -16% of the fertilizer, and K12% -14% of the fertilizer, wherein the nutrient source of the special fertilizer for downy grapes also comprises organic matters, secondary elements and trace elements. Wherein the organic matter is provided by peat soil, amino acid, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented soybean cake. 350kg of peat soil, 200kg of fermented bean cakes, 20kg of amino acid, 150kg of molasses waste liquid, 60kg of urea, 80kg of ammonium sulfate, 60kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 40kg of potassium sulfate, 20kg of potassium nitrate, 25kg of light burned magnesium, 40kg of silicon calcium fertilizer, 45kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 40kg of calcium superphosphate, 40kg of chelated copper, 25kg of ferrous sulfate, Zn12kg of urea in a complexed state, 20kg of boron micro-fertilizer in a complexed state, 30kg of silicon dioxide, 12kg of plant growth regulator, 8kg of tea bran and 25kg of filler.
The fertilizer efficiency experiment using the special fertilizer for downy grapes obtained in examples 1-5 proves that:
1. materials and methods
The test site is set in four Zhentian Shuangmao grape bases in Guangxi Luo city. The test divides fertile grape specialized fertilizer 5 examples to treat and contrast, the test area is each 30 mu. The contrast group adopts the common compound fertilizer in the market. Before the test, plant screening work is done to ensure that the growth conditions are basically consistent.
Test treatment and test methods: the experiment was set up with 4 treatments.
1. Treatment group: examples 1 to 5 of the present invention: applying 3 kg of base fertilizer per plant;
2. control group: common fertilizers in the market: 2kg of base fertilizer is applied per plant;
3. field management: disease and pest control and water management are practically and uniformly managed.
The corresponding indexes and the determination method for the quality of the tested downy grapes are as follows: total acids (calculated as tartaric acid): NaOH titration method; soluble solid matter: measuring by a handheld saccharimeter; total phenols: the Fulin-Shockard method assay (Huayubo 2010); tannin: the Forlin-Dennis method (Huayu wave 2010); anthocyanins: sulfurous acid decolorization method (chapter 1991 in Qin province); white chenopodium quinoa linn ethanol: HPLC (GB/T15038-2006).
4. And (3) analyzing test results: see tables 1 and 2
Table 1 effect of treatment and control groups on vitis heyneana yield:
from the test results in table 1, the following conclusion can be obtained from the comparison result between the special fertilizer for downy grapes of the invention and the common fertilizer of the control group:
(1) from the fruit retention rate of the downy grapes, the special fertilizer for the downy grapes is improved by 19.3 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group on average.
(2) From the average single fruit weight of the downy grapes, the special fertilizer for the downy grapes is improved by 32.52 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
TABLE 2 Effect of treatment and control groups on the quality of Vitis heyneana
From the test results in table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn from the comparison of the application of the special fertilizer for downy grapes of the present invention with the common fertilizer of the control group:
(1) the content of soluble solids of the downy grapes is averagely increased by 3.23 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
(2) The total acid content of the downy grapes is improved by 17.07 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
(3) The total phenol content of the downy grapes is increased by 11.11 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
(4) The total anthocyanin content of the downy grapes is improved by 16.78 percent compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
(5) The tannin content of the downy grape special fertilizer is improved by 16.46 percent compared with the common fertilizer of a control group on average.
(6) The resveratrol content of the downy grape is increased by 48.89% compared with the common fertilizer of the control group.
The summary shows that the yield and the quality of the downy grapes can show that the special fertilizer for the downy grapes has obvious advantages compared with the existing common fertilizer, the preparation process period is short, the unit productivity is high, the yield of the downy grapes is increased, and the economic benefit of farmers is improved.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) metering and weighing: respectively taking required raw materials, and putting the raw materials into at least two weighing hoppers (1) with surrounding skirt-shaped conveyor belts for weighing and metering;
(b) stirring and mixing: the raw materials which are weighed in the step (a) sequentially pass through automatic water spraying devices on two side edges of a first conveying belt (2), the raw materials are discharged from at least two weighing hoppers (1) respectively and poured into a stirrer (3) sequentially, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed in the stirrer to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the natural water of the raw material is kept at 5-8% after passing through the automatic water spraying devices;
(c) primary granulation: the mixed raw material obtained in the step (b) passes through a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) in sequence, dust of the mixed raw material is removed and fully crushed, and then primary granulation is completed through a granulator (13) to obtain a crude fertilizer product 1, wherein the rotating speed of the crusher (11) is 800-1200 rpm, and the granularity of fertilizer particles obtained after granulation is completed through the granulator (13) is 0.5-3.0 mm;
(d) and (3) secondary granulation: feeding the fertilizer crude product 1 obtained in the step (c) into a dryer (7), introducing hot air generated by combustion of an arranged fluidized bed furnace (6) into the dryer (7), fully drying the fertilizer crude product 1, and then sequentially passing through a first cooler (16), a second cooler (18), a first cylindrical sieve (17) and a second cylindrical sieve (15) to finish secondary granulation to obtain fertilizer crude product 2 particles with the granularity of 1.0-4.75mm, wherein the drying temperature is 60-85 ℃, furnace dust (5) generated by combustion in the fluidized bed furnace (6) is treated by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) and then is recycled as a raw material, the cooling time of the first cooler (16) is 7-10min, the cooling time of the second cooler (18) is 5-8min, and the sieve aperture of the first cylindrical sieve (17) is 4.0-6.0mm, the sieve aperture of the second cylindrical sieve (15) is 1.5-4.0 mm;
(e) coating and discharging: conveying the fertilizer crude product 2 prepared in the step (d) into a film coating machine (12) for molasses spraying operation, so that molasses is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the fertilizer crude product 2 particles to obtain a finished product, and after the finished product enters a finished product bin for inspection and qualification packaging, obtaining the special fertilizer for downy grapes;
the automatic water spraying device arranged on the two side edges of the first conveying belt (2) comprises a water pool (30), a water pump (31), a hydraulic manifold block (32), a water flow signal sensor (33), a three-way valve (34), a water spraying frame (35), a spraying head (36), a water tank (37), a water level meter (38) and a controller (39), wherein a water inlet of the water pump (31) is connected with the water pool (30), a water outlet of the water pump (31) is connected with the hydraulic manifold block (32), the water pipe connecting the hydraulic manifold block (32) with the water outlet end is provided with the water flow signal sensor (33), the water flow signal sensor (33) is connected with the three-way valve (34), one way of the three-way valve (34) is connected with the water spraying frame (35), the other way is connected with the water tank (37), the water level meter (38) is arranged in the water tank (37), and the water level meter (38) is, the water spraying frame (35) is a frame which is fully distributed on the two sides and the top surface of the first conveying belt (2), the water spraying frame (35) is also provided with at least six water spraying cylinders (40),
the water spraying barrel (40) is provided with a water spraying pipe (42) from inside to outside, and the outer end of the water spraying pipe (42) is connected with a water spraying frame (35)
The water spraying cylinder (40) is connected, water spraying holes (41) are distributed on the outer circumference of the water spraying cylinder, and the water spraying holes (41) are in a conical structure with a large inside and a small outside;
the fertilizer special for the downy grapes comprises the effective components of N15-25 wt%, P2O 512-18 wt% and K10-15 wt%, and nutrient sources of the fertilizer special for the downy grapes further comprise organic matters, secondary elements, trace elements and plant growth regulators, wherein the organic matters are provided by peat soil, amino acids, molasses waste liquid, tea bran and fermented bean cakes;
the raw materials of the special fertilizer for downy grapes comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300-400 parts of peat soil, 150-250 parts of fermented bean cakes, 10-30 parts of amino acid, 120-160 parts of molasses waste liquid, 40-80 parts of urea, 50-120 parts of ammonium sulfate, 40-90 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15-45 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-50 parts of diammonium phosphate, 25-65 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-30 parts of potassium nitrate, 15-35 parts of light burned magnesium, 20-60 parts of calcium silicon fertilizer, 30-60 parts of potassium magnesium sulfate, 20-60 parts of magnesium sulfate, 20-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-50 parts of chelated copper, 15-45 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15-20 parts of complexed urea Zn 5-20 parts, 10-35 parts of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide, 6-18 parts of plant growth regulator, 6-12 parts of tea bran and 15-35 parts of filler; the filler is furnace ash (5) generated by combustion of a boiling furnace (6).
2. The equipment adopted in the preparation method of the special fertilizer for the vitis heyneana according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the device comprises a metering device, a stirrer, a primary granulating device and a secondary granulating device which are connected through a second conveying belt;
the metering device comprises at least two metering hoppers (1), a conveying belt with a surrounding edge shape is arranged in each metering hopper (1), the output ends of the conveying belts corresponding to the at least two metering hoppers (1) are connected with a first conveying belt (2), and the output end of the first conveying belt (2) is connected with a stirrer (3); two side edges of the first conveying belt (2) are provided with automatic water spraying devices;
the primary granulating device comprises a second bag-type dust collector (14), a crusher (11) and a granulator (13), the second bag-type dust collector (14) is connected with the crusher (11) through a second conveying belt (19), and the crusher (11) is connected with the granulator (13) sequentially through the second conveying belt (19) and a granulating belt (13-1);
the secondary granulation device comprises a dryer (7), a second cooler (18), a first cooler (16), a second cylindrical sieve (15) and a first cylindrical sieve (17), which are sequentially connected through a second conveying belt (19), and the input end of the dryer (7) is connected with the output end of the granulator (13) through the second conveying belt (19); the input end of the dryer (7) is externally connected with a fluidized bed furnace (6), and the output end of the dryer is sequentially externally connected with a first bag-type dust collector (8) and a hot induced draft fan (9); the first cooler (16) and the second cooler (18) are externally connected with a cooling induced draft fan (4);
the device is characterized by further comprising a film coating machine (12) and a finished product bin (10), wherein the film coating machine (12) is connected with a first drum screen (17) through a film coating belt (12-1) and a second conveying belt (19) in sequence, and the film coating machine (12) is connected with the finished product bin (10) through the second conveying belt (19);
the molasses spraying device is characterized by comprising an outer barrel spraying hole (22), an inner barrel spraying hole (23), a base (24), a sugar inlet (25), a rotating shaft (26), a water inlet (27), a spherical outer barrel (20) and an inner barrel (21), wherein the inner barrel (21) is nested in the outer barrel (20), a 10-15cm gap is formed between the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the outer barrel spraying hole (22) is formed in the side wall of the outer barrel (20), the inner barrel spraying hole (23) is formed in the side wall of the inner barrel (21), the rotating shaft (26) is arranged at the axis of the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the rotating shaft (26) is installed on the base (24), the rotating shaft (26) is fixed relative to the outer barrel (20) and the inner barrel (21), the sugar inlet (25) and the water inlet (27) are formed in the base (24), the sugar inlet (25) and the water inlet (27) penetrate through the base (24); wherein the water inlet (27) is communicated with the inner cylinder (21), the sugar inlet (25) is communicated with the outer cylinder (20), the jet hole (22) of the outer cylinder is of a cone structure with a large inner part and a small outer part, and the calibers of the jet hole (23) of the inner cylinder are respectively 3mm-4mm and 5.5mm-6.5 mm;
the conveying device is characterized in that a skirt edge-shaped conveying belt is arranged in the metering hopper (1), two side edges of the conveying belt are skirt edges, the distance between the two skirt edges is 3-5cm, an included angle formed by each skirt edge and the upper surface of the conveying belt is 90-150 degrees, and the length of each skirt edge is 70-110 mm.
3. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for the downy grapes according to claim 1, wherein the special fertilizer for the downy grapes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of peat soil, 200 parts of fermented bean cakes, 20 parts of amino acid, 150 parts of molasses waste liquid, 60 parts of urea, 80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 60 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of potassium nitrate, 25 parts of light burned magnesium, 40 parts of silicon calcium fertilizer, 45 parts of potassium magnesium sulfate, 40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 40 parts of chelated copper, 25 parts of ferrous sulfate, 12 parts of complexed urea Zn12, 20 parts of complexed boron micro-fertilizer, 30 parts of silicon dioxide, 12 parts of plant growth regulator, 8 parts of tea bran and 25 parts of filler.
4. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for Vitis heyneana according to any one of claims 1 or 3, wherein the plant growth regulator in the raw materials of the special fertilizer for Vitis heyneana is provided by one or more of gibberellin, sodium nitrate and naphthylacetic acid, and the furnace ash (5) generated by the combustion of the fluidized bed furnace (6) is processed by a second bag-type dust collector (14) and a crusher (11) to prepare the special fertilizer.
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| CN201611267761.9A CN106699393B (en) | 2016-12-31 | 2016-12-31 | Preparation method of special fertilizer for downy grape and special equipment thereof |
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| CN105152781A (en) * | 2015-09-27 | 2015-12-16 | 天津东升阳化肥股份有限公司 | Biological semi-organic fertilizer containing amino acid and making method thereof |
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