CN105272498A - Special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for citrus reticulata - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for citrus reticulata, wherein ten steps such as absorption release matrix material preparing, fertilizer retention matrix material preparing, fertilizer-philic matrix material preparing, root-philic organic fertilizer preparing, material mixing, testing, matching, multiple element inorganic fertilizer preparing, compounding, and granulating are performed to complete the process. According to the present invention, the adsorption structure in the soil can be improved so as to easily absorb and release the nutrition elements in the compound fertilizer and prevent the nutrition elements released from the compound fertilizer from loss; with the fertilizer-philic matrix material and the root-philic organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer can well contact and affine the fibrous root of the citrus reticulata so as to improve the absorption efficiency of the fibrous root on the nutrition elements; the nutrient structure meets the needs of the citrus reticulata; and with the special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for citrus reticulata, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the fertilizer loss can be reduced, the harm on the ecological environment is reduced, the healthy growth of the citrus reticulata is promoted, the dry matter accumulation is improved, the yield and the quality of the citrus reticulata are improved, the citrus reticulata yield is increased by 21-33%, and the economic benefits are substantially improved.

Description

A kind of oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, particularly a kind of oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special meeting oranges and tangerines trophic structure and absorption characteristic.

Background technology

Fertilizer occupies very important status in agriculture production, along with the development of agricultural, fertilizer amount is increasing, but owing to there are some irrational factors in use procedure, the effect of fertilizer is caused effectively not played, make fertilizer range of distribution imbalance, waste seriously, soil fertility declines, utilization rate of fertilizer reduces, do not have a large amount of entered environment of the fertilizer of utilization absorbed by crops after using, to environment, ecotope is destroyed, not only destroy land resources, and threat is also constituted to human health.

In order to improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, industry investigated a lot of way, first be study the emission and absorption efficiency how improving N, P, K, then study again concrete crop to cut the waste to the demand of fertilizer, then study again and in conjunction with crop demand, fertilizer nutrient structure is configured to the nutrient contg of concrete soil, create various fertilizer varieties for concrete crop.

Citrusfruit is nutritious, and color, smell and taste are held concurrently excellent, both can eat raw, can be processed into again the various fabricated products based on fruit juice.Orange yield occupies first of all kinds of fruits, and orange blossom accounts for 3/4 of fruit juice, extensively by the favor of human consumer.Oranges and tangerines longevity, high and stable yield, high financial profit, be the topmost seeds of southern china fruit tree, shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity to orchard worker, rural economic development plays a part great.In order to improve the output of oranges and tangerines, the patent No. 2012102109442 discloses " a kind of oranges and tangerines special fertilizer and preparation method thereof ", this patent is according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of oranges and tangerines, provide a kind of containing macronutrients such as N, P, K, the specificity also containing a certain proportion of medium trace element is strong, the oranges and tangerines special fertilizer of comprehensive nutrition, balanced and reasonable.But, this patent merely provides a kind of trophic structure and meets the fertilizer of oranges and tangerines to the demand structure of nutrition, do not have to consider how to enable fertilizer effectively be discharged, preserve and make the coring of oranges and tangerines effectively absorb fertilizer, so that this kind of fertilizer still cannot be utilized effectively in actual applications, also there will be nutrient loss, cause environmental pollution.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of nutritional needs structure both having met oranges and tangerines, fertilizer can be enable again effectively to be discharged and make the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer that the coring of oranges and tangerines effectively absorbs, to improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, promote the healthy growth of oranges and tangerines, and reduce because fertilizer loss is to the pollution of environment.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, release fertilizer ground substance material, preparation fertilizer conservation substrate material by preparation suction, prepare close fertilizer ground substance material, prepare close root organic fertilizer, batch mixing, inspection, formula, preparation macroelement mineral manure, compound, granulation totally ten large steps complete, concrete grammar is as follows.

(1) prepare suction and release fertilizer ground substance material: according to weight part, carbonized wood ground-slag 1 part, open bore pearlstone 6-10 part mix and blend are heated to 60-65 DEG C, then continue to stir cooling after 10-15 minute; Wherein carbonized wood ground-slag is that carbonized wood sizing is carefully crossed gained after 400 mesh sieves afterwards; Open bore pearlstone is that perlite ore TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE after preheating is heated to temperature 1000-1300 DEG C of roasting, and the moisture in ore in sand form is vaporized, and causes ore in sand form internal expansion 10-30 doubly, forms the particulate material of cellular structures.

(2) prepare fertilizer conservation substrate material: according to weight part by starch 1 part, clay powder 45-55 part mixing and stirring; Wherein clay powder for unselected clay dried rear levigate after 200 mesh sieves gained.

(3) prepare close fertilizer ground substance material: the soil getting the coring place of Wild citrus plant according to weight part, dry together with coring, levigate rear mistake 100 mesh sieve.

(4) prepare close root organic fertilizer: saleratus 1 part, oranges and tangerines root branch powder 9-11 part, excrement of animals 45-55 part fully to be mixed according to weight part and mix thoroughly, then in in-vessel composting system, be piled into the fertilizer heap of high 1.8-2.0 rice, standing for fermentation again, become thoroughly decomposed 40-45 days, within every 9 days, once turns over mixed; Wherein excrement of animals is to moisture content 30% ~ 40% gained by air-dry for excrement of animals; Oranges and tangerines root branch powder is that fresh oranges and tangerines root and branch are ground into particle diameter at below 2mm gained; Saleratus joins in 100 parts, water according to weight part by sucrose 10 parts, be heated to 60 DEG C while stirring and make sucrose dissolved, then add rice chaff 50 parts, tea oil cake 50 parts, dregs of beans 39 parts be fully uniformly mixed, add yeast powder 1 part again, fully be uniformly mixed rear stacking, keep heap warm 65-75 DEG C to continuously ferment 40-45 days, then add 200 parts of black stump chalks and stir gained.

(5) batch mixing: suction released 1 part, fertilizer ground substance material, fertilizer conservation substrate material 1 part, 1 part, close fertilizer ground substance material and close root organic fertilizer 7-13 part according to weight part and fully mix and mix thoroughly, obtain mixture.

(6) check: then N, P in inspection by sampling mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂the content of O and organic matter.

(7) fill a prescription: calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer component that need to add according to assay, make finally containing N, P in the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂o and the content ratio comprising other organic materials are 7%:3%:10%:80%.

(8) prepare macroelement mineral manure: contain N, P according to step calculation result preparation (7) ₂o ₅, K ₂the mineral manure of O.

(9) compound: by mixture and containing N, P ₂o ₅, K ₂the mineral manure of O carries out compound, makes it fully mix.

(10) granulation: the mixture after compound is carried out granulation, obtains oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows in Chemical Mixed Fertilizer that containing suction releases fertilizer ground substance material, it can improve the adsorption structure in soil after being manured into soil, and is convenient to the nutritive element adsorbing and discharge in release Chemical Mixed Fertilizer; Containing fertilizer conservation substrate material, the nutrient element loss discharged in Chemical Mixed Fertilizer can be prevented; Particularly containing close fertilizer ground substance material, from the soil at Wild citrus coring place, after being manured into soil, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer can be made to contact the coring with affine oranges and tangerines better, improve coring to the assimilated efficiency of nutritive element; Parent's root organic fertilizer for core material composting, equally also can make Chemical Mixed Fertilizer contact the coring with affine oranges and tangerines better with oranges and tangerines root branch powder, improves coring to the assimilated efficiency of nutritive element; Meanwhile, be core material with tea oil cake in the saleratus that adopts of heap composting, effectively can kill the germ in soil; Weight percent again according to 7%:3%:10%:80% after these mixing of materials is prepared N, P, K and comprises the proportion of composing of other organic materials, this ratio meets the distinctive soil composition in Wuling mountain area and the nutrition structure required for oranges and tangerines; Use the present invention can improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, reduce fertilizer loss, reduce the harm to ecotope, promote the healthy growth of oranges and tangerines, improve dry-matter accumulation amount, improve orange yield and quality, make oranges and tangerines increase production 21%-33%, substantially increase economic benefit.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.

Embodiment 1.

First prepare suction and release fertilizer ground substance material, carbonized wood sizing is carefully crossed 400 mesh sieves afterwards, obtains carbonized wood ground-slag; Perlite ore TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE after preheating is heated to temperature 1000-1300 DEG C of roasting, the moisture in ore in sand form is vaporized, cause ore in sand form internal expansion 10-30 doubly, form the particulate material of cellular structures, obtain open bore pearlstone; Then get carbonized wood ground-slag 500kg, open bore pearlstone 3000kg to close and be heated with stirring to 60 DEG C, then continue stirring and cool after 15 minutes, obtain suction and release fertilizer ground substance material; Prepare fertilizer conservation substrate material again, unselected clay is dried and levigately obtains clay powder after 200 mesh sieves afterwards; Get starch 50kg, clay 2250kg mixing and stirring, obtain fertilizer conservation substrate material; Prepare close fertilizer ground substance again, get the soil 2500kg at the coring place of Wild citrus plant, dry together with coring, levigate rear mistake 100 mesh sieve, obtains close fertilizer ground substance; Then close root organic fertilizer is prepared, sucrose 10kg is joined in 100kg water, be heated to 60 DEG C while stirring, make sucrose dissolved, then add rice chaff 50kg, tea oil cake 50kg, dregs of beans 39kg is fully uniformly mixed, then adds yeast powder 1kg, again fully be uniformly mixed rear stacking, keep heap temperature 65 DEG C to continuously ferment 45 days, and then add 200kg black stump chalk, stir and namely obtain saleratus; Fresh oranges and tangerines root and branch are ground into particle diameter and obtain oranges and tangerines root branch powder at below 2mm; Excrement of animals is obtained to moisture content 30% by air-dry for excrement of animals; Then saleratus 500kg, oranges and tangerines root branch powder 4500kg, excrement of animals 22500kg are fully mixed and mix thoroughly, then in in-vessel composting system, be piled into the fertilizer heap of high 1.8 meters, then standing for fermentation, become thoroughly decomposed 45 days, within every 9 days, once turn over mixed, finally obtain close root organic fertilizer.

Then carry out batch mixing, suction is released fertilizer ground substance material 1000kg, fertilizer conservation substrate material 1000kg, close fertilizer ground substance material 1000kg and close root organic fertilizer 7000kg and fully mix and mix thoroughly, obtain mixture; Then N, P in inspection by sampling mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂the content of O and organic matter, records full nitrogen 2.52%, available phosphorus 1.63%, full potassium 1.03%, organic 51.97%.

Calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer component that need to add according to assay, make finally containing N, P in the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂o and the content ratio comprising other organic materials are 7%:3%:10%:80%; So get mixture 6711kg, the urea 1060kg of nitrogen content 46.3%, the monoammonium phosphate 367kg of phosphorus content 52% and nitrogen content 11%, the potassium sulfate 1862kg of potassium content 50.0%, its abundant compound is mixed, then granulation, obtain nitrogenous 7%, available phosphorus 3%, full potassium 10%, organic 34.88% oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 10000kg.

At the beginning of 2013 3 months, this fertilizer is used for 3 mu, 5 years raw oranges and tangerines planting bases, waterwheel village of Gao Tian township, Xiushan, this fertile 5kg is used in every strain, annular groove fertilising is dug at distance plant 50cm place, gather in the crops dry oranges and tangerines average yield per mu then and reach 1811.3kg, 323.7kg is improve, volume increase 21.76% than the contrast field average yield per mu 1487.6kg using the common domestic Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the nutrients such as equivalent.

Embodiment 2.

First prepare suction and release fertilizer ground substance material, carbonized wood sizing is carefully crossed 400 mesh sieves afterwards, obtains carbonized wood ground-slag; Perlite ore TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE after preheating is heated to temperature 1150 DEG C of roastings, the moisture in ore in sand form is vaporized, cause ore in sand form internal expansion 10-30 doubly, form the particulate material of cellular structures, obtain open bore pearlstone; Then get carbonized wood ground-slag 1000kg, open bore pearlstone 8000kg to close and be heated with stirring to 62.5 DEG C, then continue stirring and cool after 12.5 minutes, obtain suction and release fertilizer ground substance material; Prepare fertilizer conservation substrate material again, unselected clay is dried and levigately obtains clay powder after 200 mesh sieves afterwards; Get starch 100kg, clay 5000kg mixing and stirring, obtain fertilizer conservation substrate material; Prepare close fertilizer ground substance again, get the soil 5000kg at the coring place of Wild citrus plant, dry together with coring, levigate rear mistake 100 mesh sieve, obtains close fertilizer ground substance; Then close root organic fertilizer is prepared, sucrose 10kg is joined in 100kg water, be heated to 60 DEG C while stirring, make sucrose dissolved, then add rice chaff 50kg, tea oil cake 50kg, dregs of beans 39kg is fully uniformly mixed, then adds yeast powder 1kg, again fully be uniformly mixed rear stacking, keep heap temperature 70 DEG C to continuously ferment 42.5 days, and then add 200kg black stump chalk, stir and namely obtain saleratus; Fresh oranges and tangerines root and branch are ground into particle diameter and obtain oranges and tangerines root branch powder at below 2mm; Excrement of animals is obtained to moisture content 35% by air-dry for excrement of animals; Then saleratus 500kg, oranges and tangerines root branch powder 5000kg, excrement of animals 25000kg are fully mixed and mix thoroughly, then in in-vessel composting system, be piled into the fertilizer heap of high 1.9 meters, then standing for fermentation, become thoroughly decomposed 42.5 days, within every 9 days, once turn over mixed, finally obtain close root organic fertilizer.

Then carry out batch mixing, suction is released fertilizer ground substance material 2000kg, fertilizer conservation substrate material 2000kg, close fertilizer ground substance material 2000kg and close root organic fertilizer 20000kg and fully mix and mix thoroughly, obtain mixture; Then N, P in inspection by sampling mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂the content of O and organic matter, records full nitrogen 2.60%, available phosphorus 1.75%, full potassium 1.11%, organic 53.16%.

Calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer component that need to add according to assay, make finally containing N, P in the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂o and the content ratio comprising other organic materials are 7%:3%:10%:80%; So get mixture 13500kg, the urea 2100kg of nitrogen content 46.3%, the monoammonium phosphate 700kg of phosphorus content 52% and nitrogen content 11%, the potassium sulfate 3700kg of potassium content 50.0%, its abundant compound is mixed, then granulation, obtain nitrogenous 7%, available phosphorus 3%, full potassium 10%, organic 35.88% oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 20000kg.

At the beginning of 2013 3 months, this fertilizer is used for 5 mu, 5 years raw oranges and tangerines planting bases, Liu Shui village of Gao Tian township, Xiushan, this fertile 5kg is used in every strain, annular groove fertilising is dug at distance plant 50cm place, gather in the crops dry oranges and tangerines average yield per mu 1985.2kg then, 497.6kg is improve, volume increase 33.45% than the contrast field average yield per mu 1487.6kg using the common domestic Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the nutrients such as equivalent.

Embodiment 3.

First prepare suction and release fertilizer ground substance material, carbonized wood sizing is carefully crossed 400 mesh sieves afterwards, obtains carbonized wood ground-slag; Perlite ore TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE after preheating is heated to temperature 1000-1300 DEG C of roasting, the moisture in ore in sand form is vaporized, cause ore in sand form internal expansion 10-30 doubly, form the particulate material of cellular structures, obtain open bore pearlstone; Then get carbonized wood ground-slag 500kg, open bore pearlstone 5000kg to close and be heated with stirring to 65 DEG C, then continue stirring and cool after 15 minutes, obtain suction and release fertilizer ground substance material; Prepare fertilizer conservation substrate material again, unselected clay is dried and levigately obtains clay powder after 200 mesh sieves afterwards; Get starch 50kg, clay 2750kg mixing and stirring, obtain fertilizer conservation substrate material; Prepare close fertilizer ground substance again, get the soil 5000kg at the coring place of Wild citrus plant, dry together with coring, levigate rear mistake 100 mesh sieve, obtains close fertilizer ground substance; Then close root organic fertilizer is prepared, sucrose 10kg is joined in 100kg water, be heated to 60 DEG C while stirring, make sucrose dissolved, then add rice chaff 50kg, tea oil cake 50kg, dregs of beans 39kg is fully uniformly mixed, then adds yeast powder 1kg, again fully be uniformly mixed rear stacking, keep heap temperature 75 DEG C to continuously ferment 45 days, and then add 200kg black stump chalk, stir and namely obtain saleratus; Fresh oranges and tangerines root and branch are ground into particle diameter and obtain oranges and tangerines root branch powder at below 2mm; Excrement of animals is obtained to moisture content 40% by air-dry for excrement of animals; Then saleratus 500kg, oranges and tangerines root branch powder 5500kg, excrement of animals 27500kg are fully mixed and mix thoroughly, then in in-vessel composting system, be piled into the fertilizer heap of high 2.0 meters, then standing for fermentation, become thoroughly decomposed 45 days, within every 9 days, once turn over mixed, finally obtain close root organic fertilizer.

Then carry out batch mixing, suction is released fertilizer ground substance material 3000kg, fertilizer conservation substrate material 3000kg, close fertilizer ground substance material 3000kg and close root organic fertilizer 39000kg and fully mix and mix thoroughly, obtain mixture; Then N, P in inspection by sampling mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂the content of O and organic matter, records full nitrogen 2.57%, available phosphorus 1.69%, full potassium 1.08%, organic 52.53%.

Calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer component that need to add according to assay, make finally containing N, P in the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂o and the content ratio comprising other organic materials are 7%:3%:10%:80%; So get mixture 20211kg, the urea 3160kg of nitrogen content 46.3%, the monoammonium phosphate 1067kg of phosphorus content 52% and nitrogen content 11%, the potassium sulfate 5562kg of potassium content 50.0%, its abundant compound is mixed, then granulation, obtain nitrogenous 7%, available phosphorus 3%, full potassium 10%, organic 35.39% oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 30000kg.

At the beginning of 2013 3 months, this fertilizer is used for 8 mu, 5 years raw oranges and tangerines planting bases, Gao Tianxiangqi garden village, Xiushan, this fertile 5kg is used in every strain, annular groove fertilising is dug at distance plant 50cm place, gather in the crops dry oranges and tangerines average yield per mu then and reach 1893.3kg, 405.7kg is improve, volume increase 27.27% than the contrast field average yield per mu 1487.6kg using the common domestic Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the nutrients such as equivalent.

Claims (1)

1. an oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, release fertilizer ground substance material, preparation fertilizer conservation substrate material by preparation suction, prepare close fertilizer ground substance material, prepare close root organic fertilizer, batch mixing, inspection, formula, preparation macroelement mineral manure, compound, granulation totally ten large steps complete, concrete grammar is as follows:

(1) prepare suction and release fertilizer ground substance material: according to weight part, carbonized wood ground-slag 1 part, open bore pearlstone 6-10 part mix and blend are heated to 60-65 DEG C, then continue to stir cooling after 10-15 minute; Wherein carbonized wood ground-slag is that carbonized wood sizing is carefully crossed gained after 400 mesh sieves afterwards; Open bore pearlstone is that perlite ore TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE after preheating is heated to temperature 1000-1300 DEG C of roasting, and the moisture in ore in sand form is vaporized, and causes ore in sand form internal expansion 10-30 doubly, forms the particulate material of cellular structures;

(2) prepare fertilizer conservation substrate material: according to weight part by starch 1 part, clay powder 45-55 part mixing and stirring; Wherein clay powder for unselected clay dried rear levigate after 200 mesh sieves gained;

(3) prepare close fertilizer ground substance material: the soil getting the coring place of Wild citrus plant according to weight part, dry together with coring, levigate rear mistake 100 mesh sieve;

(4) prepare close root organic fertilizer: saleratus 1 part, oranges and tangerines root branch powder 9-11 part, excrement of animals 45-55 part fully to be mixed according to weight part and mix thoroughly, then in in-vessel composting system, be piled into the fertilizer heap of high 1.8-2.0 rice, standing for fermentation again, become thoroughly decomposed 40-45 days, within every 9 days, once turns over mixed; Wherein excrement of animals is to moisture content 30% ~ 40% gained by air-dry for excrement of animals; Oranges and tangerines root branch powder is that fresh oranges and tangerines root and branch are ground into particle diameter at below 2mm gained; Saleratus joins in 100 parts, water according to weight part by sucrose 10 parts, be heated to 60 DEG C while stirring and make sucrose dissolved, then add rice chaff 50 parts, tea oil cake 50 parts, dregs of beans 39 parts be fully uniformly mixed, add yeast powder 1 part again, fully be uniformly mixed rear stacking, keep heap warm 65-75 DEG C to continuously ferment 40-45 days, then add 200 parts of black stump chalks and stir gained;

(5) batch mixing: suction released 1 part, fertilizer ground substance material, fertilizer conservation substrate material 1 part, 1 part, close fertilizer ground substance material and close root organic fertilizer 7-13 part according to weight part and fully mix and mix thoroughly, obtain mixture;

(6) check: then N, P in inspection by sampling mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂the content of O and organic matter;

(7) fill a prescription: calculate the nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer component that need to add according to assay, make finally containing N, P in the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of mixture ₂o ₅, K ₂o and the content ratio comprising other organic materials are 7%:3%:10%:80%;

(8) prepare macroelement mineral manure: contain N, P according to step calculation result preparation (7) ₂o ₅, K ₂the mineral manure of O;

(9) compound: by mixture and containing N, P ₂o ₅, K ₂the mineral manure of O carries out compound, makes it fully mix;

(10) granulation: the mixture after compound is carried out granulation, obtains oranges and tangerines organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special.