CN106688861A - Substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method and system - Google Patents
Substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688861A CN106688861A CN201611220522.8A CN201611220522A CN106688861A CN 106688861 A CN106688861 A CN 106688861A CN 201611220522 A CN201611220522 A CN 201611220522A CN 106688861 A CN106688861 A CN 106688861A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000737241 Cocos Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
- G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
- G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D11/131—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
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- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method. The method comprises collecting substrate water content data at a fixed time interval; determining whether substrate water content is lower than a water stress critical value, if so, performing irrigation through nutrient solution; estimating substrate salt content; determining whether the substrate salt content is higher than a salt damage critical value, if so, performing rinsing through the nutrient solution; repeating the above steps until the growing period ends. Meanwhile, the invention provides a substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting system applying the method. The substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method and system achieves automatic adjustment of soilless planting substrate salt content, saves human resource costs and fund costs, ensures fine water and fertilizer supply of soilless planted crops, avoids salt damage to the crops, and meanwhile, reduces waste of the nutrient solution, maximizes the utilization rate of the nutrient solution and provides technical guarantee for high-quality and high-efficiency yield of the soilless planted crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetables efficiency cultivation technology for high field, more particularly to it is a kind of can auto-control matrix salinity plant without soil
Training vegetables method and system.
Background technology
Soilless substrate vegetable growing has broken away from limitation of the soil to vegetable production in green house, using rock wool, coconut palm chaff, turf, leech
The light materials such as stone soil as an alternative, for crop root provides growing space, while pouring suitable battalion according to crop species
Nutrient solution.Compared with soil cultivation, soilless substyate culture reduces Water deep leaching and nutrient drip washing, is improving liquid manure utilization ratio
Meanwhile, harm of the nitrogen phosphorus nutrient drip washing to water body environment pollution is reduced, soilless substyate culture periodically can enter to cultivation medium
Row is changed, so as to prevent the generation of native transmissibility pest and disease damage；Soilless substyate culture can also be carried out precisely to crop root zone water, fertilizer
Regulation and control, can create the rhizospheric environment of suitable for crop growth, the physiological barrier for preventing continuous cropping and soil salinity accumulation from causing.
Due under soilless substyate culture pattern, crop root occupies the small volume of cultivation matrix, and soilless substrate
Resiliency is far smaller than soil.Therefore, water supply in media, nutrient, the fluctuation of salt content will be produced to crop in a short time
Harmful effect, therefore, how to be that vegetable soilless culture takes in rational scope by soilless substrate moisture, nutrient, salinity control
Obtain the premise of stable high yield and ensure.Because the water content of cultivation matrix can directly be determined using moisture transducer, therefore nothing
The water content of substrate information that the water management of soil matrix matter raise crop can be gathered according to water supply in media sensor carries out decision-making.Make
The moisture and nutrient of thing are provided by nutrient solution, big containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, six kinds of sulphur in commercialization nutrient solution prescription
Secondary element, and crop root to nitrogen in nutrient solution, phosphorus, potassium absorption more than to calcium, magnesium, sulphur uptake.It is remaining in nutrient solution
Salt accumulation will form salt damage to a certain amount of, suppress root system to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption, and then influence the growth of crop.Cause
This, while water and fertilizer management is carried out to soilless substyate culture crop, will also be to avoiding the accumulation of crop root zone salinity.Increase battalion
Nutrient solution irrigation volume, the salinity to crop root zone carries out the most efficient method that drip washing is reduction crop root zone salt accumulation.Due to
The still no sensor of matrix salt content is directly determined, and is managed using experience more than soilless substyate culture crop salinity administrative decision
Method is carried out, i.e., the salt leaching for entering to be about to be remained in matrix according to the time interval increasing nutrition liquid irrigation amount being manually set goes out
Cultivation medium, the selection of irrigation time and nutrition liquid irrigation amount, with certain blindness, works as nutrition by artificial empirically determined
Liquid irrigation volume is easily caused the waste of nutrient solution when being more than actual demand amount, otherwise person can not reach the purpose of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and crop is still
Can be influenceed by matrix salt accumulation.
Therefore, it is that can soilless substyate culture be realized efficiently to research and develop rationally accurately soilless culture substrate salinity regulation and control method
One of key of production.
The content of the invention
For the defect that the management of existing soilless culture crop matrix salinity is present, the present invention provides one kind can auto-control base
The vegetable soilless culture method and system of matter salinity, realizes the coordinated management of soilless vegetable culture water, fertilizer, salt, can control fortune
Row cost, realizes the accurate automatic management of soilless vegetable culture substrate salinity.
Specifically, the invention provides it is a kind of can auto-control matrix salinity vegetable soilless culture method, including with
Lower step：
S1, since vegetable permanent planting, according to Fixed Time Interval detect cultivation matrix water content Wi；
S2, with WcBe vegetables by water stress water content of substrate critical value, as the water content of substrate Wi＞ WcWhen, then
Need not be irrigated；
As the water content of substrate Wi≤WcWhen, then it is V to use volumeINutrient solution matrix is irrigated；The nutrition
The starting inorganic salt total concentration of liquid is designated as SI, wherein containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur；The irrigation volume V of the nutrient solutionIPress
Calculated according to formula I：
VI=(Wo-Wc)×VMI；
In the formula I, WoIt is the water content of substrate upper limit, VMIt is matrix volume；
S3, the salt content S that the matrix is estimated according to formula IIi：
In the formula II, ρMIt is the unit weight of matrix；VMIt is the volume of matrix；SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSRespectively vegetables
In the root system unit interval to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur absorption strength；
S4, with SCIt is salt damage critical value, works as Si<SCWhen, then without carrying out drip washing to matrix；
Work as Si≥SCWhen, then it is V to use volumeWNutrient solution carries out drip washing to matrix；The elution volume V of the nutrient solutionWPress
Calculated according to formula III：
VW=(WS-Wi)×VM+(Si-SI)×α×VMIII；
In the formula III, WSIt is the saturation moisture content of matrix, α is the elution efficiency of matrix；
S5, repeat step S1~S4, terminate to the vegetable growth phase.
The soilless culture substrate that the present invention is used can often use matrix, preferably rock wool or coconut palm chaff using soilless culture.
The vegetables cultivated using the method for the invention are preferably growth period fruit vegetables more long, more preferably
Tomato, cucumber or eggplant.
In order that regulation and control more conform to the characteristic of matrix and meet the growth requirement of vegetables, and make operation more rationally letter
Just, Fixed Time Interval described in step S1 of the present invention is 30~60min, more preferably 30~35min.
Water content of substrate critical value of the present invention can value for matrix field capacity 45~55%, preferably
50%.
Salt damage critical value of the present invention can value be 1~2 ‰, preferably 1.5 ‰.
S described in step S3 of the present inventionN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSRespectively crop to nitrogen in nutrient solution, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
The nutrient solution absorbed with Root Absorption nutrient solution moisture in the absorption strength of magnesium, sulphur, that is, crop root unit interval
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, the amount of sulphur, the absorption strength of general crop can be surveyed by preliminary experiment and obtained or by try and error method
Obtain.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, the SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSCan be obtained using measurement method, specific step
It is rapid as follows：When determining field planting respectively and at the end of growth period in vegetable plant strain body nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur content, and point
Not Ji Suan two differences of period nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur content, and record from field planting to growth period terminate consumption battalion
Nutrient solution amount；Each difference is S with the ratio of the nutrition liquid measure of the consumptionN、SP、SK、SCa、SMgAnd SS。
The upper limit W of water content of substrate of the present inventionoThe generally W of matrix field capacityF90%, less than matrix
Saturation moisture content WS.If water content of substrate reaches saturation moisture content, the root system of crop is easily subject to stain to do harm to because of anoxic.Certainly
By under drainage condition, water content of substrate maximum can reach field and hold water content, and the unnecessary moisture of Medium Culture can be under gravity
Discharge.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, the elution efficiency α of the matrix can be adopted to calculate with the following method and obtained：
(1) volume is taken in addition for VaSoilless culture substrate, be S with concentrationI' (S hereinI' it is SI3~5 times) test
Immersion steeps laggard sector-style dry-cure, air-dry to its water content be down to that field holds 50% when, with the test fluid with step S4 phases
Same mode carries out drip washing, while recording the concentration C that matrix goes out flow liquidS；
(2) when matrix goes out the concentration C of flow liquidSWith nutrient solution concentration SIWhen equal, terminate drip washing, record survey now used
Test solution volume Vb；Matrix elution efficiency α is calculated according to formula IV：
Present invention simultaneously provides a kind of system that soilless culture substrate salinity auto-control is carried out using methods described, bag
Include：Moisture sensing module, salinity sensing module and nutrition liquid irrigation, salt leaching decision-making module.
The moisture sensing module by multiple water supply in media sensor groups into.As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, institute
Moisture sensing module is stated by three groups of (totally 9) water supply in media sensor groups into three groups of sensors are separately mounted to vegetables cultivation
Train two edges cultivation row and middle cultivation row in area；Every group includes 3 sensors, i.e., each cultivation row is average installs 3 biographies
Sensor, 3 sensors are separately mounted to the two ends and centre of every row.The moisture sensing module is used for different positions in facility
The water content of substrate information put, salinity sense is sent to after the moisture information of the matrix that each moisture transducer is gathered is average
Know module and nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module.
The salinity sensing module, the water content of substrate information gathered according to water supply in media sensor uses numerical simulation
Method is estimated the salt content of nutrient solution in matrix, so as to obtain the salt concentration of nutrient solution in matrix, and is sent out
Give nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module.
The nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module is connected with moisture sensing module and salinity sensing module respectively, root
The salt content information that the water content information and salinity sensing module gathered according to water supply in media sensing module are gathered judges whether needs
Carry out nutrition liquid irrigation or matrix salinity to rinse, if water content of substrate is too low or during too high salt content, carries out nutrient solution filling
Irrigating or drip washing, and estimate nutrition liquid irrigation or wash out amount by nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module, and start nutrition liquid pump is carried out
Irrigate or drip washing.
The nutrient solution feed flow module conveys nutrition according to the instruction of nutrition liquid irrigation-flushing decision-making module to cultivation matrix
Liquid, be used to irrigate or drip washing matrix in salinity.
In actual application, described device is operated in accordance with the following steps：
(1) the water supply in media sensing module gathers the water content of soilless culture substrate according to Fixed Time Interval, and leads to
Cross moisture information transfering path and it is transferred to matrix salinity sensing module and nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision model respectively
Block；
(2) nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module is sentenced according to the water content of substrate that water supply in media sensing module is gathered
It is disconnected whether to need nutrient solution, if necessary to irrigate, it is determined that irrigate volume, and be transmitted to by irrigating signal path
Nutrient solution feed flow module carries out nutrition liquid irrigation；
(3) the water content of substrate value that the matrix salinity sensing module is gathered according to water supply in media sensing module calculates matrix
Salt content, and nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module is transmitted to by salt content transmission path；
(4) nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module is sentenced according to the matrix salt content that matrix salinity sensing module is calculated
It is disconnected whether to need to carry out drip washing with nutrient solution, if necessary to drip washing, it is determined that elution volume, and by drip washing signal path by its
Being transferred to nutrient solution feed flow module carries out drip washing；
(5) repeat step (1)~(4), terminate to the vegetable growth phase.
The present invention provide can auto-control matrix salinity vegetable soilless culture method and system, using moisture perceive mould
The water content of substrate data of block collection and the matrix salt content data of salinity sensing module estimation, by nutrition liquid irrigation-salinity
Drip washing decision-making module carries out judging whether to need to carry out nutrition liquid irrigation or salt leaching, and determines required nutrient solution
Amount, compared with traditional substrate culture water-fertilizer conditioning method, the method achieve the auto-control of soilless substyate culture salinity, save
The about fund cost of cost of human resources and matrix salinity determining instrument equipment and consumptive material.The detection side provided using the present invention
Method, water, fertilizer, salt to soilless culture substrate carries out coordinated regulation, it is ensured that soilless culture crop water-fertilizer precision is supplied, it is to avoid make
Thing is influenceed by salt damage, while reducing the waste of nutrient solution, realizes the maximization of nutrient solution utilization ratio, is soilless culture
The high-quality and efficient output of crop provides technology and ensures.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of vegetable soilless culture method described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of vegetable soilless culture system described in embodiment 2；Wherein, 1 is that moisture perceives mould
Block, 2 is salinity sensing module, and 3 is nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module, and 4 is nutrient solution feed flow module.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the invention, to this hair
The technical scheme of bright embodiment is explicitly described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, and
Not all embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those skilled in the relevant art are not making creative work premise
Lower obtained every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide it is a kind of can auto-control matrix salinity vegetable soilless culture method, its flow chart such as Fig. 1
It is shown；The method plants cucumber by matrix of coconut palm chaff, comprises the following steps：
S1, since vegetable permanent planting, with 0.5h be time interval detect cultivation matrix water content Wi；
S2, with WcBe vegetables by water stress water content of substrate critical value, as the water content of substrate Wi＞ WcWhen, then
Need not be irrigated；
As the water content of substrate Wi≤WcWhen, then it is V to use volumeINutrient solution matrix is irrigated；The nutrition
The starting inorganic salt total concentration of liquid is designated as SI, wherein containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur；The irrigation volume V of the nutrient solutionIPress
Calculated according to formula I：
VI=(Wo-Wc)×VMI；
In the formula I, WoIt is the water content of substrate upper limit, VMIt is matrix volume；
S3, the salt content S that the matrix is estimated according to formula IIi：
In the formula II, ρMIt is the unit weight of matrix；VMIt is the volume of matrix；SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSRespectively vegetables
In the root system unit interval to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur absorption strength；
S4, with SCIt is salt damage critical value, works as Si<SCWhen, then without carrying out drip washing to matrix；
Work as Si≥SCWhen, then it is V to use volumeWNutrient solution carries out drip washing to matrix；The elution volume V of the nutrient solutionWPress
Calculated according to formula III：
VW=(WS-Wi)×VM+(Si-SI)×α×VMIII；
In the formula III, WSIt is the saturation moisture content of matrix, α is the elution efficiency of matrix；
S5, repeat step S1~S4, terminate to the vegetable growth phase.
Wherein, the SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSIt is calculated according to following steps using measurement method：
When determining field planting respectively and at the end of growth period in vegetable plant strain body nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur content, and point
Not Ji Suan two differences of period nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur content, and record from field planting to growth period terminate consumption battalion
Nutrient solution amount；Each difference is S with the ratio of the nutrition liquid measure of the consumptionN、SP、SK、SCa、SMgAnd SS。
The elution efficiency α of the matrix is adopted to calculate with the following method and obtained：
(1) volume is taken in addition for VaSoilless culture substrate, be S with concentrationI’(SI'=4*SI) test fluid immersion it is laggard
Sector-style dry-cure, air-dry to its water content be down to that field holds 50% when, entered with step S4 identical modes with the test fluid
Row drip washing, while recording the concentration C that matrix goes out flow liquidS；
(2) when matrix goes out the concentration C of flow liquidSWith nutrient solution concentration SIWhen equal, terminate drip washing, record survey now used
Test solution volume Vb；Matrix elution efficiency α is calculated according to formula IV：
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of vegetable soilless culture of the method auto-control matrix salinity that utilization embodiment 1 is provided
System, its structure is as shown in Figure 2；Specifically include：Moisture sensing module 1, salinity sensing module 2, nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making
Module 3 and nutrient solution feed flow module 4；
The moisture sensing module 1 by moisture information transfering path respectively with the salinity sensing module 2 and battalion
Nutrient solution irrigation-drip washing decision-making module 3 is connected；
The salinity sensing module 2 passes through salt content transmission path and the nutrition liquid irrigation-phase of drip washing decision-making module 3
Even；
The nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module 3 respectively by irrigate signal path and drip washing signal path with it is described
Nutrient solution feed flow module 4 is connected；
Wherein, the moisture sensing module 1 by three groups of water supply in media sensor groups into three groups of sensors are respectively mounted
Two edges cultivation row and middle cultivation row in vegetable growing area；Every group includes 3 sensors, is separately mounted to every row
Two ends and centre.
In actual application, 9 water supply in media sensors of the moisture sensing module 1 are used for different positions in facility
The water content of substrate information put, at the same by the moisture information of the matrix of collection it is average after be sent to nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing
Decision-making module 3 and salinity sensing module 2.
The water content of substrate information that the salinity sensing module 2 is gathered according to water supply in media sensor uses numerical simulation
Method is estimated the salt content of nutrient solution in matrix, so as to obtain the salt concentration of nutrient solution in matrix, and is sent out
Give nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module 3.
The nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module 3 is connected with moisture sensing module 1 and salinity sensing module 2 respectively,
Judge whether to need to carry out nutrition liquid irrigation according to the salinity information that water supply in media sensing module 1 and salinity sensing module 2 are gathered
With matrix salinity rinse, if desired irrigate or matrix in salt content it is too high when, estimated by nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module
Calculating nutrition liquid irrigation amount, and start nutrient solution supplying module 4 carries out nutrient solution or drip washing salinity.
The nutrient solution feed flow module 4 is conveyed to cultivation matrix according to the instruction of nutrition liquid irrigation-flushing decision-making module 3 and sought
Nutrient solution be used to irrigate or drip washing matrix in salinity.
Kind soilless substyate culture vegetables water, fertilizer, salt regulation and control method and system that the present invention is provided, using moisture sensing module
The matrix salt content data of water content of substrate data and salinity the sensing module estimation of collection, are drenched by nutrition liquid irrigation, salinity
Washing decision-making module carries out judging whether to need to carry out nutrition liquid irrigation or salt leaching, and determines poured nutrient solution
Amount, compared with traditional substrate culture water-fertilizer conditioning method, the method achieve the auto-control of soilless substyate culture salinity, save
The about fund cost of cost of human resources and matrix salinity determining instrument equipment and consumptive material.The regulation and control side provided using the present invention
Method, water, fertilizer, salt to soilless culture substrate carries out coordinated regulation, it is ensured that soilless culture crop water-fertilizer precision is supplied, it is to avoid make
Thing is influenceed by salt damage, while reducing the waste of nutrient solution, realizes the maximization of nutrient solution utilization ratio, is soilless culture
The high-quality and efficient output of crop provides technology and ensures.
Although above having used general explanation, specific embodiment and experiment, the present invention is made to retouch in detail
State, but on the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this is to those skilled in the art apparent
's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to claimed
Scope.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of can auto-control matrix salinity vegetable soilless culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, since vegetable permanent planting, according to Fixed Time Interval detect cultivation matrix water content Wi；
S2, with WcBe vegetables by water stress water content of substrate critical value, as the water content of substrate Wi＞ WcWhen, then need not
Irrigated；
As the water content of substrate Wi≤WcWhen, then it is V to use volumeINutrient solution matrix is irrigated；The nutrient solution
Starting inorganic salt total concentration is SI, wherein containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur；The irrigation volume V of the nutrient solutionIAccording to formula
I is calculated：
VI=(Wo-Wc)×VMI；
In the formula I, WoIt is the water content of substrate upper limit, VMIt is matrix volume；
S3, the salt content S that the matrix is estimated according to formula IIi：
In the formula II, ρMIt is the unit weight of matrix；VMIt is the volume of matrix；SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSRespectively vegetable root system
In unit interval to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur absorption strength；
S4, with SCIt is salt damage critical value, works as Si<SCWhen, then without carrying out drip washing to matrix；
Work as Si≥SCWhen, then it is V to use volumeWNutrient solution carries out drip washing to matrix；The elution volume V of the nutrient solutionWAccording to public affairs
Formula III is calculated：
VW=(WS-Wi)×VM+(Si-SI)×α×VMIII；
In the formula III, WSIt is the saturation moisture content of matrix, α is the elution efficiency of matrix；
S5, repeat step S1~S4, terminate to the vegetable growth phase.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the vegetables are fruit vegetables；Preferably tomato, cucumber
Or eggplant；
And/or, the matrix is rock wool or coconut palm chaff.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that Fixed Time Interval described in step S1 is 30~
60min, preferably 30~35min.
4. the method according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that the SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSPass through
Preliminary experiment actual measurement is obtained or obtained using measurement method.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the SN、SP、SK、SCa、SMg、SSUse measurement method according to
Lower step is calculated：
When determining field planting respectively and at the end of growth period in vegetable plant strain body nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur content, and count respectively
Two differences of period nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur content are calculated, and records the nutrient solution for terminating consumption to growth period from field planting
Amount；Each difference is S with the ratio of the nutrition liquid measure of the consumptionN、SP、SK、SCa、SMgAnd SS。
6. the method according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that the elution efficiency α of the matrix is using such as
Lower method is calculated and obtained：
(1) volume is taken in addition for VaSoilless culture substrate, be S with concentrationI' test fluid soak laggard sector-style dry-cure, air-dry
To its water content be down to that field holds 50% when, drip washing is carried out with step S4 identicals mode with the test fluid, while record
Matrix goes out the concentration C of flow liquidS；
(2) when matrix goes out the concentration C of flow liquidSWith nutrient solution concentration SIWhen equal, terminate drip washing, record test fluid now used
Volume Vb；Matrix elution efficiency α is calculated according to formula IV：
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the SI' it is SI3~5 times.
8., using the vegetable soilless culture system of claim 1~7 any one methods described auto-control matrix salinity, it is special
Levy and be, including：Moisture sensing module, salinity sensing module, nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module and nutrient solution feed flow mould
Block；
The moisture sensing module is filled with the salinity sensing module and nutrient solution respectively by moisture information transfering path
Irrigate-drip washing decision-making module be connected；
The salinity sensing module is connected by salt content transmission path with the nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module；
The nutrition liquid irrigation-drip washing decision-making module is respectively by irrigating signal path and drip washing signal path and the nutrient solution
Feed flow module is connected.
9. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the moisture sensing module is by being evenly distributed in cultural area
Interior multiple water supply in media sensor groups into.
10. system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the moisture sensing module is sensed by three groups of water supply in media
Device is constituted, and three groups of sensors are separately mounted to two edges cultivation row and middle cultivation row in vegetable growing area；Every group
Including 3 sensors, the two ends and centre of every row are separately mounted to.
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