CN104718832A - Saline-alkali land clayey soil field salinity regulation and control method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali land clayey soil field salinity regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali land clayey soil field salinity regulation and control method. The method comprises the steps that average water content of soil 0.5 deep is determined through selecting a saline-alkali land parcel and constructing lateral seepage prevention facilities and water drainage and salt elimination facilities, salt water mineralization degree blending is conducted through utilizing a linear relation between the salt water mineralization degree and soil total salt content, and the blended salt water is used for conducting irrigation, so that the soil salt content reaches a preset concentration, and the purposes of gradient salinity identification and selection of salt tolerance of crops are achieved. The saline-alkali land clayey soil field salinity regulation and control method is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and the method has a larger usage value in saline-alkali land selection of salt-tolerant crops and salt-tolerant crop breeding application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to saline land and utilize technical field, relate to the evaluation and screening of salt tolerant crop, be specifically related to clayey soil field, a kind of saline land salinity regulate and control method.
Background technology
Saline land is the important reserved resources in China soil, and China saline land is mainly distributed in 17 provinces comprising northwest, northeast, North China and coastal region, and the gross area is more than 500,000,000 mu.Beach saline land is as typical types, and it affects by soil parent material, sea water intrusion etc., has larger difference with saline land, inland, salinity principal component is based on sodium chloride, how to select salt tolerant crop, resist Salt Strees Condition, most important to the sustainable development of local area alkali Agriculture.
Salt tolerance of crop evaluation and screening is the basis that salt tolerant crop is selected, and current salt tolerant crop authentication method mainly contains water planting, sand culture and salt pond qualification.Publication number CN103704103A, discloses a kind of Tolerant salt method of large bean sprouts phase sand culture, mainly utilizes sand ware to fill, by different sodium chloride solution process, carry out bud phase Salt-Tolerance Identification to soybean.Publication number CN102860159A, adopts water planting mode manual simulation salt time-sharing environment, by illumination box, carries out Seedling Salt-tolerance evaluation and screening.Publication number CN103430783A, the method, with the Seawater Treatment plant of manually preparing, utilizes water culture, carries out Seedling Salt-tolerance screening by growth indexes to wheat.Notification number CN102890151B, disclose a kind of Apparatus and method for of plant identification Seedling Salt-tolerance, by the cultivation of plant Plug seedling to be identified, utilize the preparation of qualification saline solution, carry out the combination of Plug seedling and Salt-Tolerance Identification equipment, reach Salt-Tolerance Identification object.Publication number CN101294943B, disclose device and the salting liquid of Rapid identification salinity and alkalinity resistance of tree, device comprises rain-proof shelter, salt pond, aeration tube, kickboard carrier, non-woven fabrics, fixing wire side, air pump, delivery port, drain ditch and wastewater disposal basin successively, holds salting liquid in salt pond.The percentage by weight of salting liquid component is: nitrate of lime 0.007-0.031%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.007-0.030%, magnesium sulfate 0.003-0.018%, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide 0.00004-0.009%, and surplus is distilled water.Above-mentioned known technology mainly adopts salting liquid preparation, rain-proof shelter facility, crop tolerance to salt qualification and salt tolerant crop screening is carried out by the mode such as water planting, sand culture, and mainly on the Tolerant salt of crops seedling stage and selection of salt tolerance, but because the carrier of the actual growth of crop is soil, the simulation such as water, sand culture matrix has certain technical difficulty on the comprehensive regulations such as water, gas, temperature, simultaneously in the salt tolerant performance and salt tolerant crop screening in the time of infertility, affect by crop growth period different upgrowth situation, crop quantity, facility costs etc., all there is certain limitation.
The present invention is directed to the limitation of actual Tolerant salt and salt tolerant crop screening facility, in test for many years and practical basis, define beach saline land clayey soil field salinity regulate and control method, this technology directly adopts coastal saline soil as matrix, similar to soil according to coastal saline-alkali district saline groundwater leading ion composition, one's respective area saline groundwater is utilized to carry out field salinity regulation and control, by certain salt tolerant Facilities serialized, reach the object of crop field nature Salt Strees Condition, the present invention can many crops, many gradients, the time of infertility carries out Salt Strees Condition qualification and salt tolerant crop screening to crop, make the salt tolerant crop of evaluation and screening closer to production, easy to operate, recycle for many years, cost is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to improve crop tolerance to salt qualification and salt tolerant crop screening effeciency, provides clayey soil field, a kind of saline land salinity regulate and control method, specifically by the method utilizing saline groundwater to regulate and control field, saline land salinity.
The present invention realizes especially by following technical scheme:
A kind of clayey soil field, saline land salinity regulate and control method, completes especially by following steps:
1) select saline and alkaline plot, build anti-side and ooze facility, draining salt discharge facility;
2) determine that the dark soil average moisture content of 0.5m is 10 ~ 12.5% or 15.5 ~ 17%;
3) utilize salt water salinity and total soil phosphorus linear relation, carry out the allotment of salt water salinity;
4) utilize deployed salt water to water, salt water pouring not ooze out from blind pipe, and is infiltrated the degree of depth 45 ~ 50cm and is as the criterion.
The structure that facility is oozed in described anti-side is specially: plot surrounding digs microscler ditch, ditch depth 0.7 ~ 0.8m, furrow bank plastic paper wraps up, the wide 1m of plastic paper specification, thick >0.1mm, plastic paper bassets 10 ~ 15cm, makes high 15 ~ 20cm along plastic paper, wide 30 ~ 35cm furrow ridge, and bury plastic paper part on the ground.Plastic paper effect, main anti-side is oozed, and ensures that community salt water quantitatively infiltrates, and soil salt is stablized.
The structure of described draining salt discharge facility is specially: in the middle of plot, longitudinally dig straight flute, ditch depth 60cm, gradient 3-5 ‰, lay blind pipe, blind pipe is plastic film capicitor, diameter ф 8cm, external application non-woven wraps, blind pipe low side is through the horizontal plastic paper in plot, and be connected with the PVC plastic pipe of external diameter 75 ~ 110mm is vertical, pvc water drainage plastics pipe requires and blind pipe horizontal positioned.Effect major control subterranean water level spring and summer of blind pipe, prevents the accuracy affecting community salt water regulation and control salinity, may be used for the community desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and salinity redistribution simultaneously.Pvc pipe effect the control water of blind pipe directly can be discharged.
Described salt water salinity and total soil phosphorus linear relation are: spring, under soil average moisture content 10 ~ 12.5% condition, and Y=51.841X-8.0792, wherein Y is water salinity g/l, X is 50cm total soil phosphorus %; In summer, under soil average moisture content 15.5 ~ 17% condition, Y=33.886X-6.4853, wherein Y is water salinity g/l, X is 50cm total soil phosphorus %.
Described salt water salinity allotment is according to following formula: V
b/ V
a=(M
a/ M)-1, wherein V
brepresent fresh water volume to be added, V
arepresent salt water volume to be added, M
afor salt water salinity to be added, M is the salt water salinity water of final allotment.
Described step (4) is specially: spring waters: during soil initial moisture content 10 ~ 12.5%, pouring salt water amount 85L/m
2; Summer waters: under soil initial moisture content 15.5 ~ 17% condition, pouring salt water amount 55L/m
2.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) this technology directly utilizes saline groundwater to allocate, salinity regulation and control are carried out to field salt affected soil, can many crops, many gradients, the time of infertility to crop carry out Salt Strees Condition qualification and salt tolerant crop screening, overcome other methods such as water planting, sand culture by plant growth period and the quantitative limitation of kind number, salinity regulate and control method is easy, easy to operate, and it has larger value in the screening of beach saline land salt tolerant crop and salt tolerant crop seed selection application;
2) great number tested data is passed through, salt water salinity and total soil phosphorus linear equation are drawn, within the scope of certain soil moisture content, by quantitative pouring, make the final salt content of soil meet setting concentration, avoid the blindness that general salt water directly waters, make management of soil salt more accurate, salt tolerant data are more scientific, and screening crop is actual closer to its salt tolerant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, the following stated, only to preferred embodiment of the present invention, not do other forms of restriction to the present invention, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed to the Equivalent embodiments of equal change.Everyly do not depart from the present invention program's content, any simple modification done following examples according to technical spirit of the present invention or equivalent variations, all drop in protection scope of the present invention.
2012 ~ 2014 years, the national science and technology basic platform project " crop-planting resources protection and utilization " that the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences crop is born adopted the method to carry out more than 1000 soybean resource Tolerant salt.Test region is positioned at Cao Feidian district, Tangshan, Hebei Province, and soil is beach saline land clayey soil, soil salt based on sodium chloride, soil salt content 0.17%, soil density 1.41g/cm
3, the original average moisture content 16.8% of field maximum specific retention 37.5%, 50cm soil, the salt water salinity 23g/l that local salt water well extracts.
Facility builds: experimental field plan, delimit 26 communities, zone leader 6.5m, wide 4m,
Foundation diving depth in spring and water Infiltration Law, carry out underground blind pipe buried depth and spacing setting.For a community, it is dark that surrounding ditching machine digs 0.8m, the microscler ditch of wide 0.2 ~ 0.3m, be close to furrow bank 0.8mm plastic paper to enclose, landfill, on the ground plastic paper dew 10 ~ 15cm, make high 20 ~ 25cm along plastic paper, wide 25 ~ 30cm furrow ridge, and bury plastic paper part on the ground.The dark straight flute of dark 60cm is dug in centre along zone leader direction, the gradient 3 ~ 5 ‰, and width is advisable can put into blind pipe, and blind pipe one end, through plastic paper, is connected with pvc drainpipe.
Salinity regulates and controls: first carry out soil salt index and determine, soil salt setting 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%; Then by water salt formulae discovery, that need allocate waits that filling with salt water salinity is 3.7g/l, 7g/l, 10.5g/l, 14g/l, and fresh water and well are taken out salt water and be deployed into by volume and wait to fill with salinity.
Filling amount presses 55L/m
2carry out community pouring, the infiltration degree of depth reaches 48cm, and blind pipe is anhydrous to ooze out.Pour water and within latter 5 days, carry out the sampling of 50cm soil layer salinity, adopt 5:1 water seaoning salinity to measure, soil average salinity in community is respectively 0.285%, 0.39%, 0.51%, 0.59%, and meet the target salinity of setting soil, management of soil salt produces a desired effect.
June carries out soybean resource sowing, carry out Salt-Tolerance Identification screening in the time of infertility, investigated by indexs such as emergence rate, plant height, output, 8 high salt tolerant resources are filtered out the same year, at 0.51% time, emergence rate reaches more than 65%, the survival rate more than 25% when soil salt 0.6%, for resistant gene of salt excavation, locator material.
Next year, if soil salt is by affect rainy season or crop tolerance to salt needs, need change soil salt, utilizes that salt comes with water, salt goes rule with water, carry out the flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, water salt is flowed out by blind pipe and drainpipe, and soil salt about 0.3% soil, carries out a flood and rinse; Soil salt content >0.4%, carries out twice flood flushing, interval 5d.
Claims (6)
1. a saline land clayey soil field salinity regulate and control method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) select saline and alkaline plot, build anti-side and ooze facility, draining salt discharge facility;
2) determine that the dark soil average moisture content of 0.5m is 10 ~ 12.5% or 15.5 ~ 17%;
3) utilize salt water salinity and total soil phosphorus linear relation, carry out the allotment of salt water salinity;
4) utilize deployed salt water to water, salt water pouring not ooze out from blind pipe, and is infiltrated the degree of depth 45 ~ 50cm and is as the criterion.
2. clayey soil field, a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity regulate and control method, it is characterized in that: the structure that facility is oozed in described anti-side is specially: dig microscler ditch with selected saline and alkaline plot surrounding, ditch depth 0.7 ~ 0.8m, furrow bank plastic paper wraps up, the wide 1m of plastic paper specification, thick >0.1mm, plastic paper bassets 10 ~ 15cm, make high 15 ~ 20cm along plastic paper, wide 30 ~ 35cm furrow ridge, and bury plastic paper part on the ground.
3. clayey soil field, a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity regulate and control method, it is characterized in that: the structure of described draining salt discharge facility is specially: in the middle of saline and alkaline plot, longitudinally dig straight flute, ditch depth 60cm, gradient 3-5 ‰, lays blind pipe, blind pipe is plastic film capicitor, diameter ф 8cm, external application non-woven wraps, blind pipe low side is through the horizontal plastic paper in plot, be connected with the PVC plastic pipe of external diameter 75 ~ 110mm is vertical, pvc water drainage plastics pipe requires and blind pipe horizontal positioned.
4. clayey soil field, a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity regulate and control method, it is characterized in that: described salt water salinity and total soil phosphorus linear relation are: spring, under soil average moisture content 10 ~ 12.5% condition, Y=51.841X-8.0792, wherein Y is water salinity g/l, X is 50cm total soil phosphorus %; In summer, under soil average moisture content 15.5 ~ 17% condition, Y=33.886X-6.4853, wherein Y is water salinity g/l, X is 50cm total soil phosphorus %.
5. clayey soil field, a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity regulate and control method, is characterized in that: described salt water salinity allotment is according to following formula: V
b/ V
a=(M
a/ M)-1, wherein V
brepresent fresh water volume to be added, V
arepresent salt water volume to be added, M
afor salt water salinity to be added, M is the salt water salinity water of final allotment.
6. clayey soil field, a kind of saline land according to claim 1 salinity regulate and control method, is characterized in that: step (4) is specially: spring waters: during soil initial moisture content 10 ~ 12.5%, pouring salt water amount 85L/m
2; Summer waters: under soil initial moisture content 15.5 ~ 17% condition, pouring salt water amount 55L/m
2.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106171103A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of salinized soil homogenizing modification method based on desulfurated plaster |
| CN106688861A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-24 | 农芯科技（北京）有限责任公司 | Substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method and system |
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| US3745700A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1973-07-17 | L Hahn | Soil drier |
| US4015667A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-04-05 | Aldo Ruozi | Cotton stalk and root shredder with re-bedder |
| CN101849454A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-10-06 | 刘洪庆 | Biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land |
| CN102017885A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-04-20 | 新疆农业大学 | Drip irrigation under film method for underground salt water cotton field |
| CN102057828A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-05-18 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for planting poplar trees on coast saline-alkali soil by utilizing saline water |
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2015
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Patent Citations (5)
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| US3745700A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1973-07-17 | L Hahn | Soil drier |
| US4015667A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-04-05 | Aldo Ruozi | Cotton stalk and root shredder with re-bedder |
| CN101849454A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-10-06 | 刘洪庆 | Biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land |
| CN102017885A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-04-20 | 新疆农业大学 | Drip irrigation under film method for underground salt water cotton field |
| CN102057828A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-05-18 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for planting poplar trees on coast saline-alkali soil by utilizing saline water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106171103A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of salinized soil homogenizing modification method based on desulfurated plaster |
| CN106688861A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-24 | 农芯科技（北京）有限责任公司 | Substrate salt content automatically adjusting soilless vegetable planting method and system |
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| CN104718832B (en) | 2016-12-21 |
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