CN106673760A - Method for industrializedly cultivating agaricus bisporus by utilizing wood rotting fungus dreg - Google Patents
Method for industrializedly cultivating agaricus bisporus by utilizing wood rotting fungus dreg Download PDFInfo
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- CN106673760A CN106673760A CN201611229281.3A CN201611229281A CN106673760A CN 106673760 A CN106673760 A CN 106673760A CN 201611229281 A CN201611229281 A CN 201611229281A CN 106673760 A CN106673760 A CN 106673760A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for industrializedly cultivating agaricus bisporus by utilizing wood rotting fungus dreg and belongs to the field of cultivation of edible fungi. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, seeding, fungus growth period management, earth covering, fruiting period management and harvesting, wherein a raw material formula of utilized culture materials comprises 80 percent to 85 percent of the wood rotting fungus dreg, 0 to 10 percent of cow dung, 3 percent to 11 percent of Japanese banana leaf, 3 percent to 5 percent of mangosteen skin, 1 percent to 2 percent of salt, 0.3 percent to 0.5 percent of fish bone meal, 0.2 percent to 0.5 percent of calcium superphosphate and 0.2 percent to 0.3 percent of plant ash, wherein the sum of the weight percent of all the raw materials is 100 percent. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a lot of residual fungi residues can be effectively consumed after wood rotting fungi are cultivated and the production cost of the agaricus bisporus is reduced; the comprehensive economic benefits are improved, and high-quality industrialized cultivation of the agaricus bisporus is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of edible fungus culture, and in particular to a kind of utilization domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss
Method.
Background technology
Waste material of edible mushroom is called mushroom bran, bacteria residue, leftover bits and pieces, useless bacterium cylinder, is remaining compost after culturing edible fungus.With
Mushroom industry flourish, the effective process of waste material of edible mushroom becomes the matter of utmost importance that instantly vast mushroom grower is faced, if
The process that science can not be carried out to it is utilized, and is arbitrarily abandoned or is stacked, and not only waste of resource, also results in mycete and pest infestation,
Pollution environment.
Waste material of edible mushroom contains rich in protein and other nutritions, has higher exploitation value in agricultural production
Value.How these waste materials are rationally utilized, it is real so as to while reducing waste material, improving ecological benefits, increase economic efficiency
The existing cyclic utilization of waste and the sustainable development of agricultural, are a problem demanding prompt solutions.
The content of the invention
For effectively solving the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of utilization domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss
Method, it can effectively consume remaining a large amount of bacteria residues after domestomycetes cultivation, reduce the production cost of Agaricus bisporuss, improve synthesis Jing
Ji benefit, and it is advantageously implemented the high-quality factory culture of Agaricus bisporuss.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows：
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of utilization domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss, including one time fermentation, ferment in second time, sowing, a bacterium
The step of period management, earthing, fruiting period management, harvesting, the composition of raw materials of its compost used is：Domestomycetes slag 80-85%, cattle
Excrement 0-10%, Folium Musae 3-11%, Garcinia mangostana shell 3-5%, salt 1-2%, fishbone powder 0.3-0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.2-0.5%, plant ash
0.2-0.3%, the percetage by weight sum of each raw material is 100%.
Preferably, the composition of raw materials of compost used is：Domestomycetes slag 83%, Folium Musae 11%, Garcinia mangostana shell 4%, salt 1%, fish
Bone meal 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.3%, plant ash 0.2%.
The method of the utilization domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss is comprised the following steps：
1）One time fermentation
Pre-wetted treatment is carried out to domestomycetes slag so as to after fully absorbing moisture, by Folium Musae, cattle manure, Garcinia mangostana shell（Musa basjoo Sieb. Et Zucc. used
Leaf, Garcinia mangostana shell are crushed in advance）Uniform fold on bacteria residue, prewet and it is fully softened, and then carries out building heap by continuation water drenching；Build heap
Afterwards salt, fishbone powder, calcium superphosphate are added in bacteria residue during first time turning, afterwards every turning in 3 days once, be total to turning 3 times；
2）Ferment in second time
After one time fermentation terminates, compost is moved on mushroom bedstead, stacked by upper strata to lower floor, require to expect loose, heap during stacking
Thickness is put for 18-20cm, heap overarches charge level, seals mushroom house, and bedstead top layer oilcloth paper cap is lived, allow its natural intensification 23-
25h, is then passed through steam into mushroom house, is heated to space temperature up to 58-62 DEG C, maintains temperature 24h to carry out Pasteur and goes out
Bacterium, sterilizing rear venting ventilation, is lowered the temperature stage by stage in 12h, and material temperature is down to less than 55 DEG C, and space temperature maintains 48-
52 DEG C, and maintain temperature 3-5 days to carry out actinomycetes culture（There should be fresh air to enter during culture actinomycetes）, cease fire afterwards；
Gradually add forced ventilation simultaneously, reduce temperature in mushroom house, whole vent coolings, preparation sowing are opened afterwards；
3）Sowing
After ferment in second time, treat that material temperature is down to less than 30 DEG C, compost is mixed homogeneously with plant ash, and by the way of mixed seeding
Carry out whole sowing in bed kind；
4）Bacteria developing period is managed
After planting bed surface is covered with thin film, front 5 days interior circulations are set to 5min/30min；Mycelia constantly extends after 5 days, inside follows
Ring is arranged and is changed to 30min/5min, treats that mycelia is covered with charge level, is suitably aerated, and promotes mycelia to grow into material；After planting, it is empty
Between temperature setting between 23-25 DEG C, as material Inner temperature is gradually increasing, adjust the temperature setting of air-conditioning in mushroom house, make material
Interior temperature control is at 23-28 DEG C；
5）Earthing
Cover soil material is shifted to an earlier date into 7 days to be prewetted；Thickness of earth covering 3-4cm；Water transfer is carried out after earthing immediately, to pinching into cake, be twisted into
Group, tack-free it is advisable；
6）Fruiting period management
Mycelium starts to lower the temperature stage by stage after kink, waits fruiting, the material temperature for making the fruiting stage to drop to 17-19 DEG C；Fruiting phase
The regulation of relative air humidity is maintained at 90% or so；Air must be kept fresh after fruiting；Space temperature is controlled from high to low,
In the range of 14~18 DEG C, the growth promoter of mushroom fruitbody is suitable for；
7）Harvesting.
Cover soil material used is by loam, fertile soil, rice straw powder 5-6 by volume:2:1 mixing, then adds Calx to adjust
PH to 7.5-8.0.
Agaricus bisporuss sporophore requires more strictly carbon-nitrogen ratio that its suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio is 17 ~ 18 in growth course:1,
But due to compost can consume during fermentation reactor system a certain amount of carbon source and its during nitrogen-fixing bacteria growth, fermentation can be made
Afterwards the carbon-nitrogen ratio of compost is reduced, and it reduces scope and is affected larger by factors such as fermentation temperature, humidity and fermentation times, this
The growth of follow-up Agaricus bisporuss sporophore can be significantly affected.The present invention is using the same of plant ash alkalization material culture of agaricus bisporus
When, also added by the timely and appropriate discovery of plant ash, the nitrogen in compost is cleared up, effectively adjust compost carbon-nitrogen ratio to reach
Effect, so that the yield of the Agaricus bisporuss cultivated is significantly improved with quality.
The present invention on the basis of domestomycetes slag is made full use of, by adding Folium Musae, Garcinia mangostana shell, the raw material system such as plant ash
Standby compost, and with reference to its special cultural method, remaining a large amount of bacteria residues after domestomycetes cultivation not only can be effectively consumed, reduce
The production cost of Agaricus bisporuss, improves overall economic efficiency, also helps the high-quality factory culture for realizing Agaricus bisporuss.
Specific embodiment
In order that content of the present invention easily facilitates understanding, with reference to specific embodiment to of the present invention
Technical scheme is described further, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1
1.1 culture material formula：
Domestomycetes slag 83%, Folium Musae 11%, Garcinia mangostana shell 4%, salt 1%, fishbone powder 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.3%, plant ash 0.2%.
1.2 one time fermentation
Pre-wetted treatment is carried out to domestomycetes slag so as to after fully absorbing moisture, by Folium Musae, Garcinia mangostana shell（Folium Musae used, Garcinia mangostana
Shell is crushed in advance）Uniform fold on bacteria residue, prewet and it is fully softened by continuation water drenching（Water about 3-4 days）, then built
Heap；Salt, fishbone powder, calcium superphosphate are added in bacteria residue when building first time turning after heap, afterwards every turning in 3 days once, is turned over altogether
Heap 3 times；Through one time fermentation, in 70% or so, pH 7.8-8.0, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 23-25 to Compost moisture content:1, compost is still
Denseer ammonia taste, the dark brown Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt of color can be smelt；
1.3 ferment in second time
After one time fermentation terminates, compost is moved on mushroom bedstead, stacked by upper strata to lower floor, require that material is loose during stacking, respectively
Kind of material mixing is uniform, and stackings thickness is 20cm, and heap overarches charge level, and sealing mushroom house, bedstead top layer oilcloth paper cap is lived, and allows it
Natural intensification 24h, is then passed through steam into mushroom house, is heated to space temperature up to 58-62 DEG C, maintains temperature 24h to enter
Row pasteurization, sterilizing rear venting ventilation, is lowered the temperature stage by stage in 12h, material temperature is down to less than 55 DEG C, space temperature dimension
Hold at 48-52 DEG C, and maintain temperature 3-5 days to carry out actinomycetes culture（There should be fresh air to enter during culture actinomycetes）, it
After cease fire；Gradually add forced ventilation simultaneously, reduce temperature in mushroom house, whole vent coolings, preparation sowing are opened afterwards；Fermentation
Terminate the prescription of wild Oryza species：Top layer and inside can be observed more white hypha body, and culture medium color is changed into brown, handss
Hold culture medium soft and flexible, it is not needle-holding hand, tack-free, there is material fragrance, without ammonia stink；Water content 65-68%, pH 7.4-7.7,
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is 18-20:1；
1.4 sowing
After ferment in second time, treat that material temperature is down to less than 30 DEG C, compost is mixed homogeneously with plant ash carries out whole sowing in bed kind；Sowing
By the way of mixed seeding, the packed strain plastics for sending out full bacterium are torn, strain is placed in the basin of cleaning, strain block is gently done
It is broken, first uniformly it is spread on mushroom bed the 3/4 of total amount, strain and compost are mixed with handss or instrument（Bottom 8cm or so does not broadcast bacterium
Kind）Then charge level is flattened, gently claps pressure, make material elastic suitable（Thickness is 25~30cm）, charge level camber.Then residue
1/4 strain be spread to expect bed surface, and taken off down with handss or rake, make strain slightly leak into top layer, with profit field planting material feeding；
1.5 bacteria developing periods are managed
After planting bed surface is covered with thin film, front 5 days interior circulations are set to 5min/30min；Mycelia constantly extends after 5 days, inside follows
Ring is arranged and is changed to 30min/5min, treats that mycelia is covered with charge level, is suitably aerated, and promotes mycelia to grow into material；After planting, it is empty
Between temperature setting between 23-25 DEG C, as material Inner temperature is gradually increasing, adjust the temperature setting of air-conditioning in mushroom house, make material
Interior temperature control is at 25 DEG C；Temperature is too high, and moisture evaporates in a large number in material, and mycelia is suppressed or death by serious；With mycelia
Bulk-growth, charge level is gradually dried, and mycelia is more easy to down long, is careful not to allow the old mycelia on top to die；If charge level is too before earthing
Dry suitably to carry out moisturizing, the mycelia for making top dormancy is brought back to life, and promotes mycelia to climb soil；
1.6 earthing
By loam, fertile soil, rice straw powder 5-6 by volume:2:1 mixing, then adds Calx to adjust pH to 7.5-8.0 as earthing
Material；Cover soil material is shifted to an earlier date into 7 days to be prewetted；Thickness of earth covering 3-4cm；Water transfer is carried out after earthing immediately, using the thin spray of light spray
Method, adjust foot to adjust soil moisture with 5mm apertures shower nozzle saturating, to pinching into cake, the group of being twisted into, tack-free be advisable；
1.7 fruiting period managements
Mycelium starts after kink, lowers the temperature stage by stage, waits fruiting, and the main purpose of this rank cooling is material in the fruiting stage
Temperature drop to 18 DEG C or so；Usually start to beat fruiting water in cooling the previous day（Beat heavy water）, the water yield is about 4-5 jin/cubic meter；
The regulation of fruiting phase relative air humidity is maintained at 90% or so；Air must be kept fresh after fruiting, vent will be all
Open；
Space temperature is controlled from high to low, and stable in the range of 14~18 DEG C, and this temperature is suitable to the growth of mushroom fruitbody and sends out
Educate；If bed surface temperature is higher than 22 DEG C in continuous several days, should now stop being sprayed water to mushroom bed, reduce mushroom house temperature, plus forced ventilation, otherwise
Dead mushroom phenomenon occurs, particularly just unearthed mushroom flower bud is more easy to atrophy of turning to be yellow；
1.8 harvesting
The harvesting of Agaricus bisporuss should be determined according to the market demand, typically with bacteria cover diameter up to 4~6cm, not parachute-opening as standard；Pluck
Prune in time afterwards mud root, case after cleaning.Bed surface must not spray water before harvesting, in order to avoid reduce Agaricus bisporuss quality.
Embodiment 2
Culture material formula is：Domestomycetes slag 80%, cattle manure 10%, Folium Musae 3%, Garcinia mangostana shell 5%, salt 1%, fishbone powder 0.3%, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 0.5%, plant ash 0.2%.Remaining step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Culture material formula is：Domestomycetes slag 85%, cattle manure 5%, Folium Musae 4%, Garcinia mangostana shell 3%, salt 2%, fishbone powder 0.5%, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 0.2%, plant ash 0.3%.Remaining step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
1.1 culture material formula
Domestomycetes slag 83%, cattle manure 11%, rice husk 4.5%, salt 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.3%, plant ash 0.2%.
1.2 one time fermentation
Pre-wetted treatment is carried out to domestomycetes slag so as to after fully absorbing moisture, by cattle manure, rice husk uniform fold on bacteria residue, after
Continuous water drenching is prewetted makes it fully soften（Water about 3-4 days）, then carry out building heap；Add in bacteria residue when building first time turning after heap
Enter salt, calcium superphosphate, afterwards every turning in 3 days once, turning 3 times altogether；Through one time fermentation, Compost moisture content is left 70%
The right side, pH 7.8-8.0 remain to smell denseer ammonia taste, the dark brown Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt of color；
Remaining step is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Culture material formula is：Domestomycetes slag 83%, Folium Musae 11%, Garcinia mangostana shell 4%, salt 1%, fishbone powder 0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%,
The addition of plant ash is omitted in sowing operation, remaining operation is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
By loam and peat soil by volume 2:1 mixing, then adds Calx to adjust pH and is covered as cover soil material to 7.5-8.0
Soil, remaining operation is with embodiment 1.
The situation of the cultivating bisporous mushroom of distinct methods is relatively shown in Table 1.
Table 1
From table 1, compared with the embodiment of the present invention, Folium Musae, Garcinia mangostana shell, the contrast of fishbone powder are not used in culture material formula
Example 1, fruiting time is most long, and yield is minimum, and the percentage of A-class goods is relatively low；And Folium Musae, Garcinia mangostana shell, fish used in culture material formula
Bone meal, but the comparative example 2 of plant ash is not used, although fruiting time has shortened, but the increase of yield and the percentage of A-class goods is little；And
Using the comparative example 3 that loam and peat soil are cultivated as cover soil material, although yield and the percentage of A-class goods have been lifted, but during fruiting
Between it is longer.Thus prove, culture material formula of the present invention and method are coordinated and is cultivated, be conducive to Agaricus bisporuss fruiting time bright
It is aobvious to shift to an earlier date（In advance more than 18.2%）, yield substantially increases（Increase by more than 20.8%）, the percentage of A-class goods is significantly improved, achievable good
Economic benefit.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all impartial changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of utilization domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss, including one time fermentation, ferment in second time, sowing, send out
The step of bacterium period management, earthing, fruiting period management, harvesting, it is characterised in that：The composition of raw materials of compost used is：Domestomycetes
Slag 80-85%, Folium Musae 3-11%, cattle manure 0-10%, Garcinia mangostana shell 3-5%, salt 1-2%, fishbone powder 0.3-0.5%, calcium superphosphate 0.2-
0.5%th, plant ash 0.2-0.3%, the percetage by weight sum of each raw material is 100%.
2. according to claim 1 using the method for domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss, it is characterised in that：Described one
Secondary fermentation is to carry out pre-wetted treatment to domestomycetes slag so as to after fully absorbing moisture, Folium Musae, cattle manure, Garcinia mangostana shell are uniformly covered
Cover on bacteria residue, continuation water drenching is prewetted and it is fully softened, and then carries out building heap；Add in bacteria residue when building first time turning after heap
Enter salt, fishbone powder, calcium superphosphate, afterwards every turning in 3 days once, turning 3 times altogether；
Folium Musae used, Garcinia mangostana shell are crushed in advance.
3. according to claim 1 using the method for domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss, it is characterised in that：It is described to broadcast
It is after the compost material temperature of ferment in second time is down to below 30 DEG C, it to be mixed homogeneously with plant ash, then using mixed seeding to plant
Mode carries out whole sowing in bed kind.
4. according to claim 1 using the method for domestomycetes slag factory culture Agaricus bisporuss, it is characterised in that：Earthing institute
It is by loam, fertile soil, rice straw powder 5-6 by volume with cover soil material:2:1 mixing, then adds Calx to adjust pH to 7.5-
8.0。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162662A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Elegant precious mushroom plastic bag cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107382583A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-24 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Cover soil material of elegant precious mushroom cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN111194664A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-05-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN112640729A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-13 | 漳州市经济作物站 | Agaricus bisporus cultivation method based on wood mushroom dregs |
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| CN104604532A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-13 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Method applying wood rotting fungus dregs to industrial cultivation of agaricus bisporus |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162662A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-15 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Elegant precious mushroom plastic bag cultivation culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107382583A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-24 | 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 | Cover soil material of elegant precious mushroom cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN111194664A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-05-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN112640729A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-13 | 漳州市经济作物站 | Agaricus bisporus cultivation method based on wood mushroom dregs |
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