CN106665221B - Dry rice transplanting method - Google Patents
Dry rice transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665221B CN106665221B CN201611007280.4A CN201611007280A CN106665221B CN 106665221 B CN106665221 B CN 106665221B CN 201611007280 A CN201611007280 A CN 201611007280A CN 106665221 B CN106665221 B CN 106665221B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dry transplanting rice seedlings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) and (5) transplanting rice seedlings. The invention has the advantages that: by adopting the method, the rice yield can be improved; the rice seedlings can be transplanted in dry land, and the survival rate of the rice seedlings can be ensured; accelerating the growth of seedlings; the water resource is saved, and the saved underground water or reservoir water can be used for irrigation in a dry period; meanwhile, the rice transplanting is carried out in dry land, the operation is convenient, and the rice transplanting efficiency is greatly improved; the fly ash substrate is adopted as the substrate for seedling culture, has the advantages of low heavy metal content, strong soil fertility, good air permeability and strong self-cleaning capability, can improve the disease resistance of plants, is beneficial to seedling production, has no grass seeds in the fly ash substrate, and solves the weeding problem from the root; the fly ash matrix is prepared by fermenting various wastes, on one hand, the wastes are fully utilized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and on the other hand, the problem of difficult seedling raising and soil borrowing is solved.
Description
the technical field is as follows:
The invention relates to a rice transplanting method, in particular to a dry rice transplanting method.
background art:
The planting of the rice comprises two steps of seedling raising and transplanting, the traditional rice seedling raising is generally to dig soil in a field or take mountain soil to put the soil into a seedling raising container for rice seed seedling raising, the rice seedlings are separated or pulled out from a seedling raising tray after the seedling raising is finished, and then the traditional underwater seedling transplanting mode is adopted for transplanting. The traditional rice planting method has the following disadvantages: 1. in order to ensure that the matrix of the seedling root does not scatter and smoothly completes the underwater transplanting when the transplanted rice seedling is transplanted in a plant dividing manner, the roots between adjacent rice seedlings need to be mutually crossed and linked together to fix the matrix of the root; therefore, the inter-plant spacing is almost zero, and because the plant spacing density is large, in order to meet the requirements of rice seedlings on ventilation and substrate feeding, the rice seedlings must be transplanted in water before tillering, so that the rice seedling raising time is shortened, the growth period of the rice is limited, and the rice yield is further influenced; 2. the traditional method is adopted for transplanting rice seedlings, generally 5-6 rice seedlings are transplanted in one plant hole, tillering is influenced due to the large density of the main branch in one plant hole, few branches are tillered, and the yield and disease resistance of the branches are obviously higher than those of the main branch, so that the rice yield is reduced; 3. because the roots of the cultivated rice seedlings are linked together, the roots of the rice are inevitably damaged to a certain extent when the rice is transplanted by plants and water, and the water transplanting is necessary for ensuring the survival rate of the transplanted rice seedlings and being capable of normally producing the slow seedlings in a short time, but the water transplanting operation is inconvenient and the working efficiency is low; 4. by adopting the traditional planting method, the seedling transplanting period is generally in May, at the moment, the seedling transplanting period is influenced by climatic conditions, the natural precipitation is small, a large amount of underground water, reservoir or lake water is required to be consumed for irrigation, the water consumption is large, the water resource is wasted, and the planting cost is increased; 5. the matrix used for seedling culture is used for digging soil in a field or mountain peel soil, so that the problems of difficult soil digging, time and labor waste and easy disease getting of rice seedlings exist, in addition, a large number of grass seeds are in the soil digging in the field, and a large amount of herbicide needs to be scattered in later weeding, so that the rice quality is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
The invention aims to provide a dry rice transplanting method which is convenient to operate, high in rice survival rate and large in rice yield.
The invention aims to implement the following technical scheme, and the method for dry transplanting rice seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) transplanting rice seedlings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) Preparing a seedling raising plate: a plurality of seedling raising holes are formed in the seedling raising plate, the center distance between every two adjacent seedling raising holes is 2-4cm, and the depth of each seedling raising hole cannot be smaller than 2 cm; each plug side wall and plug bottom of each seedling raising hole are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the connecting surfaces of the adjacent seedling raising holes are provided with cutting lines.
(2) sowing and seedling raising of rice: a bottom layer matrix is laid in each seedling raising hole of the seedling raising plate, the thickness of the bottom layer matrix is 0.5-1cm, then 1 rice seed is placed on the bottom layer matrix of each seedling raising hole, then an upper layer matrix is laid, the thickness of the upper layer matrix is 0.5-1cm, and after seeding is completed, irrigation cultivation is carried out according to a conventional rice seedling raising method until tillering of rice seedlings is completed;
(3) transplanting rice seedlings: after the tillering of the rice seedlings is completed, each seedling raising hole on the seedling raising plate is divided along the cutting line, the rice seedlings are inserted into a field according to a conventional seedling transplanting distance, and watering and irrigation are carried out after the rice seedlings are transplanted.
optionally, the bottom substrate and the upper substrate are made of fly ash substrates, and the fly ash substrates comprise the following components in parts by weight: 60-85 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of excrement and urine and 4-35 parts of brown coal mine waste.
Optionally, the fly ash has a water content of 30-40%.
Alternatively, the fly ash substrate is prepared as follows: uniformly mixing the fly ash, the excrement and urine and the brown coal mine wastes according to a weight ratio, stacking and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain the fly ash substrate, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled at 25-40 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) by adopting the method, during seedling raising, only one plant is arranged in each seedling raising hole, the distance between the adjacent plants is 2-4cm, and the distance between the adjacent plants is increased, so that the tillering stage of the rice can be completed in the seedling raising stage, the seedling raising time can be advanced, the seedling transplanting time can be delayed, the growth period of the rice plant can be prolonged by about 20 days compared with that of the conventional rice planting method, and the rice variety with long growth period can be selected in the same area, so that the rice yield is improved; (2) according to the method, each seedling independently exists, and the seedling raising holes are directly pressed into the ground during seedling transplanting, so that the roots of the seedlings are not damaged, the problem of seedling revival does not exist, the requirements of the seedlings on the environment and water are reduced, and therefore, the dry land seedling transplanting and the survival rate of the seedlings can be guaranteed; (3) the walls and the bottoms of the plug plates are provided with a plurality of through holes, the roots grow rapidly under the action of water and fertilizer from the roots, penetrate through the through holes of the seedling raising plug and extend into the soil of the field, and the growth of seedlings is accelerated; (4) each seedling raising hole is provided with only one main branch, rice branches have sufficient tillering space, and the number of tillering branches is large, so that the rice yield is greatly improved; (5) the method for transplanting rice in dry land is adopted, the rice transplanting is carried out in June, the requirement of rice is basically met by natural rainfall at the time when the rice transplanting is close to the rainy season, the amount of needed underground water or reservoir water is less, water resources are saved, and the saved underground water or reservoir water can be used for irrigation in dry land; meanwhile, the rice transplanting is carried out in dry land, the operation is convenient, and the rice transplanting efficiency is greatly improved; (6) the fly ash substrate is adopted as the substrate for seedling culture, has the advantages of low heavy metal content, strong soil fertility, good air permeability and strong self-cleaning capability, can improve the disease resistance of plants, is beneficial to seedling production, has no grass seeds in the fly ash substrate, and solves the weeding problem from the root; (7) the fly ash matrix is prepared by fermenting various wastes, on one hand, the wastes are fully utilized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and on the other hand, the problem of difficult seedling raising and soil borrowing is solved.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a seedling raising tray provided by the present invention.
The drawings illustrate the following: 1. a seedling raising plate; 2. seedling raising holes; 3. cutting the line.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
Example 1: a method for dry transplanting rice seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) transplanting rice seedlings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) Preparing a seedling raising plate: a plurality of seedling raising holes 2 are formed in the seedling raising plate 1, the center distance between every two adjacent seedling raising holes 2 is 2cm, and the depth of each seedling raising hole 2 is 2 cm; the side wall of the plug and the bottom of the plug of each seedling raising hole 2 are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the connecting surface of the adjacent seedling raising hole is provided with a cutting line 3.
(2) Sowing and seedling raising of rice: a bottom layer matrix is laid in each seedling raising hole 2 of the seedling raising plate 1, the thickness of the bottom layer matrix is 0.5cm, then 1 rice seed is placed on the bottom layer matrix of each seedling raising hole 2, then an upper layer matrix is laid, the thickness of the upper layer matrix is 0.5cm, after seeding is completed, irrigation cultivation is carried out according to a conventional rice seedling raising method until tillering of rice seedlings is completed;
(3) Transplanting rice seedlings: after the tillering of the rice seedlings is completed, each seedling raising hole 2 on the seedling raising plate 1 is divided along a cutting line 3, the seedling raising holes are inserted into a field according to a conventional seedling transplanting distance, and watering and irrigation are carried out after the seedling transplanting is completed.
the coal ash substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of excrement and urine and 4 parts of brown coal mine wastes, wherein the water content of the fly ash is 30-40%. It is prepared by the following method: the fly ash, the excrement urine and the brown coal mine waste are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio, and then are stacked and fermented for 15 days to obtain the fly ash substrate, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-40 ℃.
Example 2: a method for dry transplanting rice seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) transplanting rice seedlings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) Preparing a seedling raising plate: a plurality of seedling raising holes 2 are formed in the seedling raising plate 1, the center distance between every two adjacent seedling raising holes 2 is 4cm, and the depth of each seedling raising hole 2 is 3 cm; the side wall of the plug and the bottom of the plug of each seedling raising hole 2 are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the connecting surface of the adjacent seedling raising hole is provided with a cutting line 3.
(2) sowing and seedling raising of rice: a bottom layer matrix is laid in each seedling raising hole 2 of the seedling raising plate 1, the thickness of the bottom layer matrix is 1cm, then 1 rice seed is placed on the bottom layer matrix of each seedling raising hole 2, then an upper layer matrix is laid, the thickness of the upper layer matrix is 1cm, after seeding is completed, irrigation cultivation is carried out according to a conventional rice seedling raising method until tillering of rice seedlings is completed;
(3) Transplanting rice seedlings: after the tillering of the rice seedlings is completed, each seedling raising hole 2 on the seedling raising plate 1 is divided along a cutting line 3, the seedling raising holes are inserted into a field according to a conventional seedling transplanting distance, and watering and irrigation are carried out after the seedling transplanting is completed.
the coal ash substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of excrement and urine and 35 parts of brown coal mine wastes, wherein the water content of the fly ash is 30-40%. It is prepared by the following method: the fly ash, the excrement urine and the brown coal mine waste are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio, and then are stacked and fermented for 20 days to obtain the fly ash substrate, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-40 ℃.
Example 3: a method for dry transplanting rice seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) transplanting rice seedlings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) preparing a seedling raising plate: a plurality of seedling raising holes 2 are formed in the seedling raising plate 1, the center distance between every two adjacent seedling raising holes 2 is 3cm, and the depth of each seedling raising hole 2 is 2.5 cm; the side wall of the plug and the bottom of the plug of each seedling raising hole 2 are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the connecting surface of the adjacent seedling raising hole is provided with a cutting line 3.
(2) sowing and seedling raising of rice: a bottom layer matrix is laid in each seedling raising hole 2 of the seedling raising plate 1, the thickness of the bottom layer matrix is 1cm, then 1 rice seed is placed on the bottom layer matrix of each seedling raising hole 2, then an upper layer matrix is laid, the thickness of the upper layer matrix is 0.5cm, after seeding is completed, irrigation cultivation is carried out according to a conventional rice seedling raising method until tillering of rice seedlings is completed;
(3) Transplanting rice seedlings: after the tillering of the rice seedlings is completed, each seedling raising hole 2 on the seedling raising plate 1 is divided along a cutting line 3, the seedling raising holes are inserted into a field according to a conventional seedling transplanting distance, and watering and irrigation are carried out after the seedling transplanting is completed.
The coal ash substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of excrement and urine and 20 parts of brown coal mine wastes, wherein the water content of the fly ash is 30-40%. It is prepared by the following method: the fly ash, the excrement urine and the brown coal mine waste are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio, and then are stacked and fermented for 18 days to obtain the fly ash substrate, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-40 ℃.
The component of the fly ash matrix, namely fly ash, is fine ash captured from flue gas generated after coal combustion, is main solid waste discharged by a coal-fired power plant, and the main oxide components of the fly ash of the heat-engine power plant in China are as follows: SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, and the like. Brown coal mine waste is waste generated after brown coal mining, and mainly comprises: charcoal gray mudstone, a third series of brown-red clay, a fourth series of aeolian sand and the like.
The fly ash substrates used in examples 1-3 have the following advantages: the brown coal mine waste contains humic acid, and after the brown coal mine waste is added into the coal ash, the humic acid and the heavy metal in the coal ash are subjected to complexation and chelation to form a complex, so that the heavy metal is solidified and cannot be absorbed by crops, and the content of the heavy metal in agricultural products is reduced; meanwhile, the humic acid can increase the soil fertility, adjust the pH value of the soil to be alkalescent and is beneficial to plant growth; (2) the biological matrix which has strong fertility and good air permeability and can be used for improving barren land is prepared by mixing the waste fly ash, excrement urine and brown coal mine waste discharged by the current coal-fired power plant and fermenting the waste fly ash, excrement urine and brown coal mine waste, so that the utilization of the renewable resources of the waste is realized, and the adverse effects on the soil and the pollution to the air and water caused by the direct application of the waste to the soil are avoided; (3) the fly ash and the excrement and urine act to eliminate the odor of the excrement and urine and avoid polluting the air; meanwhile, the fertility of the fly ash matrix can be improved under the action of the excrement and urine; (4) the fly ash matrix has good air permeability, and the fly ash, the excrement urine and the brown coal mine waste are fermented after being mixed, and the substances interact with each other, so that the fly ash forms a large-aggregate structure, and the prepared fly ash matrix has good air permeability; (5) the fly ash contains a large amount of carbon elements, and meanwhile, after fermentation, a large amount of microorganisms are generated in the soil matrix, and the carbon elements and the large amount of microorganisms jointly act on the soil matrix, so that the self-cleaning capacity of the soil matrix is greatly enhanced; (6) the fly ash matrix can be directly used for seedling culture, so that the problem of difficult soil taking during seedling culture is solved, and the disease resistance of seedlings can be improved; in addition, grass seeds are not in the fly ash matrix, so that the weeding problem is solved fundamentally, a herbicide is not required to be applied, and the grain quality is improved; (7) the fly ash substrate can also be directly paved in a field for improving barren soil.
Table 1 shows comparative data of parameters of a traditional water-planting method (comparative example) and a dry rice transplanting method (test example) in Qingyuan county of Liaoning province.
| Qingyuan county of Liaoning province | experimental example (100 mu) | Comparative example (100 mu) |
| Growth period of rice | 145 days | 126 days |
| Seedling stage | About 60 days | About 40 days |
| Time of transplanting rice seedlings | In the beginning of the 6 th month | last ten days of month |
| efficiency of transplanting rice seedlings | 5 mu/day | 1 mu/day |
| Rice yield | 2000 jin/mu | 1500 jin/mu |
As is apparent from the above table, the rice transplanting efficiency of the dry rice transplanting method is five times of that of the traditional water transplanting method, the rice transplanting efficiency is greatly improved by adopting the rice transplanting method, and simultaneously, the yield per mu is improved by about 500 jin.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A rice dry transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising plate; (2) sowing and raising rice seedlings; (3) transplanting rice seedlings; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) preparing a seedling raising plate: a plurality of seedling raising holes are formed in the seedling raising plate, the center distance between every two adjacent seedling raising holes is 2-4cm, and the depth of each seedling raising hole cannot be smaller than 2 cm; a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the plug tray and the bottom of the plug tray of each seedling raising hole, and cutting lines are arranged on the connecting surfaces of the adjacent seedling raising holes;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising of rice: a bottom layer matrix is laid in each seedling raising hole of the seedling raising plate, the thickness of the bottom layer matrix is 0.5-1cm, then 1 rice seed is placed on the bottom layer matrix of each seedling raising hole, then an upper layer matrix is laid, the thickness of the upper layer matrix is 0.5-1cm, and after seeding is completed, irrigation cultivation is carried out according to a conventional rice seedling raising method until tillering of rice seedlings is completed;
(3) transplanting rice seedlings: after the tillering of the rice seedlings is completed, each seedling raising hole on the seedling raising plate is divided along the cutting line, the rice seedlings are inserted into a field according to a conventional seedling transplanting distance, and watering and irrigation are carried out after the rice seedlings are transplanted.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom substrate and the upper substrate are fly ash substrates, and the fly ash substrates comprise the following components in parts by weight: 60-85 parts of fly ash, 5-10 parts of excrement and urine and 4-35 parts of brown coal mine waste.
3. The dry transplanting method for rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water content of the fly ash is 30-40%.
4. The method for dry transplanting rice seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the fly ash matrix is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the fly ash, the excrement and urine and the brown coal mine wastes according to a weight ratio, stacking and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain the fly ash substrate, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled at 25-40 ℃.
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| CN108184583A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-22 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of paddy seedling culture method for the inoculation of multi items rice seedling |
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Effective date of registration: 20230919 Address after: 026000 Shop 01032, Building 5, Aodong Ju, Alshan Road, Xilinhot City, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Patentee after: XILINHOT SENHUA ECOLOGY CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 79-2, Taipinggou Village, Caoshi Town, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, 113303 Patentee before: Feng Xuezhi Patentee before: Jia Aiguo |