CN106613332A - Straw mushroom cultivating method with high conversion rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw mushroom cultivating method with a high conversion rate. The method prepares cultivation materials with the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of corn stigma, 30-35 parts of corn straw, 35-40 parts of sweet potato vines, 5-7 parts of soybean shells, 12-15 parts of rice bran, 7.5-9 parts of bean cake, 1.2-1.5 parts of calcium acetate, 1.5-1.8 parts of gypsum, 1-1.5 parts of composite fertilizer, 2-2.5 parts of polyethylene glycol 6000, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium persulfate, a proper amount of zinc ferrite, 7.5-8.5 parts of cassava starch, 0.1-0.3 part of glutaraldehyde, 0.3-0.4 part of beta-glucosidase, 0.4-0.6 part of acidic cellulose, 0.4-0.6 part of neutral cellulose, 0.2-0.4 part of hemicellulase, and a proper amount of distilled water. The method reduces the usage of pesticide and hormones, improves the quality and yield of straw mushroom, lowers the production cost, increases the income of farmers, and has good economical benefits.

Description

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate

Technical field

The present invention relates to Volvaria volvacea cultivation technical field, more particularly to a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate.

Background technology

Edible mushroom has nutrition and medical value concurrently.Its delicious flavour, with rich in protein, carbohydrate, mineral matter The features such as with vitamin and low fat, favored by consumers in general, market demand is huge.Straw mushroom also known as straw mushroom, stalk Mushroom, delicious straw mushroom, numb mushroom etc., are a kind of precious edible funguses, rich in protein, amino acid, unrighted acid, various work Property composition, vitamin, trace element and mineral matter and polysaccharide and nucleic acid etc., also with highly active macromolecular substances, and have There is medical care effect, have auxiliary curative effect at the aspect such as antitumor, antiviral and hypoglycemic and hypotensive.Edible mushroom is general All it is, by crude fibre, the crude protein growth decomposed in culture medium, to decompose the enzyme that matrix relies primarily on its secretion, such as fiber Plain enzyme, half cellulase, lignoenzyme etc..Ectoenzyme is one of key factor of edible fungi growth development, but its secretory volume has Limit, thus the utilization rate of matrix be subject to a definite limitation, constrain the raising of yield, currently, using bioenzymatic conversion biological substance with Production alcohol or other chemical products add external source enzyme to promote substratess degraded edible so as to improve achieved with rapid progress Utilization rate of the bacterium to its substrates, also lacks at present corresponding application study.At present the yield of straw mushroom is relatively low, and it is continuous to cultivate cost Go up, economic benefit is difficult to improve.

Xin Yu exists《The application effect research of enzyme preparation in two kinds of edible fungus culturing matrix》In edible fungus culturing mistake in one text A certain amount of exogenous enzymes are put in journey and promote its decomposition to matrix, improve the utilization rate of matrix, to reach improve yield or Shorten the purpose of growth cycle.It is test material that author chooses straw mushroom and pleurotus eryngii, and the enzyme preparation of variable concentrations is separately added into To Volvaria volvacea cultivation material（Before one time fermentation and after one time fermentation）In the planting material of pleurotus eryngii, as a result show, before one time fermentation Add the enzyme preparation of 0.5% acidic cellulase, 0.5% neutral cellulase and 0.25% hemicellulase, its mycelia and former base The comprehensive evaluation index of characteristic index, mycelial growth rate, mushroom flower bud size and biological efficiency is optimum, contributes to straw mushroom yield The guarantee with quality is improved, economic benefit is improve.Add exogenous enzyme preparations in planting material by can be seen that in above-mentioned periodical The quality of straw mushroom is increased, but liquid enzyme potency is low, consumption big, it is relatively costly, exquisite difficulty is added, storage life is short, And reclaim difficult, it is not suitable for extensive straw mushroom plantation and uses, so suitable carrier must be selected to be fixed on enzyme preparation Thereon, the utilization rate of enzyme is improved, while reducing pollution of the exogenous material to straw mushroom, the recovery and recycling of enzyme is realized, is reached To continuous operation, the purpose of reduction production cost.

The content of the invention

The object of the invention is exactly to make up the defect of prior art, there is provided a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate, is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Corn stigma 6-8, maize straw It is 30-35, sweet potato vine 35-40, soya bean shell 5-7, rice bran 12-15, soya-bean cake 7.5-9, calcium acetate 1.2-1.5, gypsum 1.5-1.8, multiple Hefei 1-1.5, Macrogol 6000 2-2.5, ammonium persulfate 0.01-0.02, appropriate Zn ferrite, tapioca 7.5-8.5, Glutaraldehyde 0.1-0.3, beta-glucosidase 0.3-0.4, acidic cellulase 0.4-0.6, neutral cellulase 0.4-0.6, half Cellulase 0.2-0.4, distillation appropriate amount of water.

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate, is made up of following concrete steps：

（1）The Macrogol 6000 of mass fraction 10% is added in the beaker containing 10mg/ml Zn ferrites, in 800W power Lower ultrasonic disperse is uniform, adds 95% ethanol solution and ammonium persulfate, wherein 95% ethanol solution and Macrogol 6000 Volume ratio is 2:1, tapioca is added after stirring 10-20min, add the glutaraldehyde of mass fraction 25% to stir after being uniformly dispersed Mix and be heated to 60-75 DEG C of reaction 2-3h, reaction stands after terminating and is cooled to room temperature, with distillation water washing several times, vacuum filtration is put It is standby after grinding in 50 DEG C of oven drying 12h；

（2）Beta-glucosidase, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into respectively Mass fraction is 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（1）The product of preparation is added to the solution of different enzyme preparations In, in 30 DEG C of rotating speeds to react 4-5h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction is separated after terminating with permanent magnet, many with distillation water washing Secondary rear natural drying at room temperature is standby；

（3）Sweet potato vine, corn stigma and maize straw are respectively crushed into into suitable size to be well mixed, then more than 300 Gausses Magnetic field under, by compound with 1% limewash soak 24h, drain after and step（2）The product of preparation, soya bean shell, rice bran, beans Cake, calcium acetate, gypsum and composite fertilizer's heap fermentation, add water spice, and the water content for controlling compost is 65-70%, treats that material temperature rises to When 70 DEG C, crossing turning after 10h carries out pasteurization, and the sowing Jing after 10h again when material temperature reaches again 65 DEG C after turning is now controlled Between 70-75%, pH value is 7.5-8 to the water content of compost；

（4）Work as step（3）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32-35 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80-85 DEG C, fruiting phase material At 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90-95 DEG C temperature control system, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, periodically harvesting.

It is an advantage of the invention that：The cultivation rule of edible mushroom is not only affected by its external characteristic, more because in it sheet Matter and produce change, enzyme is the large biological molecule with biocatalytic Activity, synthesize in living cells with efficiently, height specially The protein of one catalysis activity, in edible fungi growth growth course mycelia constantly to around it living environment secretion it is various extracellular Enzyme, by the cellulose macromolecule mass degradation in cultivation matrix into small-molecule substance, to absorb, ectoenzyme is edible fungi growth One of key factor of development, but its secretory volume is limited, therefore the utilization rate of matrix is subject to a definite limitation, constrains carrying for yield Height, the present invention utilizes poly ethyldiol modified magnetic zinc-ferrum oxide so as to possess good hydrophilic and pliability, recycles para arrowroot Powder is raw material, and the method for compound co-precipitation prepares tapioca magnetic microsphere, and the composite being capable of direct covalent anchoring fiber Plain enzyme and beta-glucosidase, nontoxic, load capacity is high, good stability, good biocompatibility, it is to avoid enzyme connects with other materials Touch so as to which vigor is reduced, effect is limited, and the zymophore for preparing can be separated and recovered under additional magnetic fields, stability It is good, it is easy to recycling, and the present invention configures under the influence of a magnetic field compost, and by the effect in magnetic field the knot of compost is made Structure changes, the enough increases of molecule knot, osmotic pressure increase, and the dissolved oxygen amount increase of distilled water is beneficial to the biofermentation of compost, Benefit materials is quickly absorbed by straw mushroom hyphal cell, promote the effect of growth, the cultural method that the present invention is provided to subtract The use of agricultural chemicals and hormone is lacked, has improve the quality and yield of straw mushroom, reduced production cost, improve farmers' income, had There is good economic benefit.

Specific embodiment

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate, by following weight portion（Kilogram）Raw material make：Corn stigma 6, Maize straw 30, sweet potato vine 35, soya bean shell 5, rice bran 12, soya-bean cake 7.5, calcium acetate 1.2, gypsum 1.5, composite fertilizer 1, polyethylene glycol 6000 2, ammonium persulfate 0.01, appropriate Zn ferrite, tapioca 7.5, glutaraldehyde 0.1, β glucuroides 0.3, acid fibre The plain enzyme 0.4 of dimension, neutral cellulase 0.4, hemicellulase 0.2, distillation appropriate amount of water.

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate, is made up of following concrete steps：

（1）The Macrogol 6000 of mass fraction 10% is added in the beaker containing 10mg/ml Zn ferrites, in 800W power Lower ultrasonic disperse is uniform, adds 95% ethanol solution and ammonium persulfate, wherein 95% ethanol solution and Macrogol 6000 Volume ratio is 2:1, tapioca is added after stirring 10min, the glutaraldehyde stirring that mass fraction 25% is added after being uniformly dispersed adds Heat to 60 DEG C of reaction 2h, reaction stand after terminating and are cooled to room temperature, and with distillation water washing several times, vacuum filtration is placed in 50 DEG C of bakings Case is dried 12h, standby after grinding；

（2）β glucuroides, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into respectively Mass fraction is 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（1）The product of preparation is added to the solution of different enzyme preparations In, in 30 DEG C of rotating speeds to react 4h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction is separated after terminating with permanent magnet, multiple with distillation water washing Afterwards natural drying at room temperature is standby；

（3）Sweet potato vine, corn stigma and maize straw are respectively crushed into into suitable size to be well mixed, then more than 300 Gausses Magnetic field under, by compound with 1% limewash soak 24h, drain after and step（2）The product of preparation, soya bean shell, rice bran, beans Cake, calcium acetate, gypsum and composite fertilizer's heap fermentation, add water spice, and the water content for controlling compost is 65%, treats that material temperature rises to 70 DEG C when, crossing turning after 10h carries out pasteurization, sows Jing after 10h again when material temperature reaches again 65 DEG C after turning, now control training Between 70%, pH value is 7.5 to the water content of nutriment；

（4）Work as step（3）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80 DEG C, the control of fruiting phase material temperature At 30 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90 DEG C, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, periodically harvesting.

In order to embody the impact that ectoenzyme grows to straw mushroom, according to embodiment culture material formula and take without extracellular The embodiment culture material formula of enzyme is cultivated straw mushroom respectively, as a result as follows：

A：Embodiment compost

B：Without the embodiment compost of ectoenzyme

A B

Bacterial classification is sprouted（d） 2 3

Mycelium growth vigor ++++++

Former base occurs（d） 7 9

Former base growing way ++++++

"+" number represents mycelial density, and "+" represents that density is bigger

The properties and characteristicses of fructification

The mono- mushroom weight/g biological conversion rates/% of stem diameter/cm stems length/cm

A 1.5 7.7 29.51 34.3

B 0.8 6.3 23.22 22.9

Claims (2)

1. a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Corn stigma 6-8, maize straw 30-35, sweet potato vine 35-40, soya bean shell 5-7, rice bran 12-15, soya-bean cake 7.5-9, calcium acetate 1.2-1.5, stone Cream 1.5-1.8, composite fertilizer 1-1.5, Macrogol 6000 2-2.5, ammonium persulfate 0.01-0.02, appropriate Zn ferrite, cassava Starch 7.5-8.5, glutaraldehyde 0.1-0.3, beta-glucosidase 0.3-0.4, acidic cellulase 0.4-0.6, neutral fibre element Enzyme 0.4-0.6, hemicellulase 0.2-0.4, distillation appropriate amount of water.

2. a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of high conversion rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by following concrete steps system Into：

（1）The Macrogol 6000 of mass fraction 10% is added in the beaker containing 10mg/ml Zn ferrites, in 800W power Lower ultrasonic disperse is uniform, adds 95% ethanol solution and ammonium persulfate, wherein 95% ethanol solution and Macrogol 6000 Volume ratio is 2:1, tapioca is added after stirring 10-20min, add the glutaraldehyde of mass fraction 25% to stir after being uniformly dispersed Mix and be heated to 60-75 DEG C of reaction 2-3h, reaction stands after terminating and is cooled to room temperature, with distillation water washing several times, vacuum filtration is put It is standby after grinding in 50 DEG C of oven drying 12h；

（2）Beta-glucosidase, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into respectively Mass fraction is 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（1）The product of preparation is added to the solution of different enzyme preparations In, in 30 DEG C of rotating speeds to react 4-5h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction is separated after terminating with permanent magnet, many with distillation water washing Secondary rear natural drying at room temperature is standby；

（3）Sweet potato vine, corn stigma and maize straw are respectively crushed into into suitable size to be well mixed, then more than 300 Gausses Magnetic field under, by compound with 1% limewash soak 24h, drain after and step（2）The product of preparation, soya bean shell, rice bran, beans Cake, calcium acetate, gypsum and composite fertilizer's heap fermentation, add water spice, and the water content for controlling compost is 65-70%, treats that material temperature rises to When 70 DEG C, crossing turning after 10h carries out pasteurization, and the sowing Jing after 10h again when material temperature reaches again 65 DEG C after turning is now controlled Between 70-75%, pH value is 7.5-8 to the water content of compost；

（4）Work as step（3）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32-35 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80-85 DEG C, fruiting phase material At 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90-95 DEG C temperature control system, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, periodically harvesting.