CN106495916A - A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than harvesting stubble number - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than a kind of harvesting stubble number, is made up of following raw materials according：Straw, Chinese chestnut leaf, filter mud, peanut shell, lime, the chicken manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed, EM bacteria agent, gypsum, shitosan, Mn ferrite, paraffin, sorbester p17, Tween 80,3% glutaraldehyde, lignoenzyme, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase, hemicellulase, appropriate dilute sodium hydroxide, acetone in proper, appropriate absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation appropriate amount of water；The Volvaria volvacea cultivation method compost cause of disease miscellaneous bacteria that the present invention is provided is reduced, and nutrition is readily absorbed by, and mycelia is sturdy dense white, and growing way is good, strong stress resistance, and former base forms many, and straw mushroom commodity is good, and yield height, application prospect are extensive.

Description

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than harvesting stubble number

Technical field

A kind of the present invention relates to Volvaria volvacea cultivation technical field, more particularly to the Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than harvesting stubble number.

Background technology

Edible mushroom has nutrition and medical value concurrently.Its delicious flavour, with rich in protein, carbohydrate, mineral matter The features such as with vitamin and low fat, favored by consumers in general, market demand is huge.Straw mushroom also known as straw mushroom, stalk Mushroom, delicious straw mushroom, numb mushroom etc., are a kind of precious edible funguses, rich in protein, amino acid, unrighted acid, multiple work Property composition, vitamin, trace element and mineral matter and polysaccharide and nucleic acid etc., also have highly active macromolecular substances, and have There is medical care effect, have auxiliary curative effect at the aspect such as antitumor, antiviral and hypoglycemic and hypotensive.Edible mushroom is general All it is by crude fibre, the crude protein growth that decomposes in culture medium, decomposes matrix and rely primarily on its enzyme that secretes, such as fiber Plain enzyme, half cellulase, lignoenzyme etc..Ectoenzyme is one of key factor of edible fungi growth development, but its secretory volume has Limit, thus the utilization rate of matrix be subject to a definite limitation, constrain the raising of yield, currently, using bioenzymatic conversion biological substance with Production alcohol or other chemical products are achieved with rapid progress, and add external source enzyme to promote substratess degraded edible so as to improve Utilization rate of the bacterium to its substrates, also lacks corresponding application study at present.The yield of straw mushroom is relatively low at present, and it is continuous to cultivate cost Go up, economic benefit is difficult to improve.

Xin Yu exists《The application effect research of enzyme preparation in two kinds of edible fungus culturing matrix》In edible fungus culturing mistake in one text Put into a certain amount of exogenous enzymes in journey and promote its decomposition to matrix, improve the utilization rate of matrix, to reach improve yield or Shorten the purpose of growth cycle.It is test material that author chooses straw mushroom and pleurotus eryngii, and the enzyme preparation of variable concentrations is separately added into Arrive Volvaria volvacea cultivation material（Before one time fermentation and after one time fermentation）In the planting material of pleurotus eryngii, as a result show, before one time fermentation Add the enzyme preparation of 0.5% acidic cellulase, 0.5% neutral cellulase and 0.25% hemicellulase, its mycelia and former base The comprehensive evaluation index of characteristic index, mycelial growth rate, mushroom flower bud size and biological efficiency is optimum, contributes to straw mushroom yield The guarantee with quality is improved, economic benefit is improve.Add exogenous enzyme preparations in planting material by can be seen that in above-mentioned periodical The quality of straw mushroom is increased, but liquid enzyme potency is low, consumption big, relatively costly, exquisite difficulty is added, storage life is short, And difficulty is reclaimed, it is not suitable for extensive straw mushroom plantation and uses, so suitable carrier must be selected to be fixed on enzyme preparation Thereon, the utilization rate of enzyme is improved, while reducing pollution of the exogenous material to straw mushroom, the recovery and recycling of enzyme is realized, is reached To continuous operation, the purpose of reduction production cost.

Content of the invention

The object of the invention is exactly the defect in order to make up prior art, there is provided the Volvaria volvacea cultivation side more than a kind of harvesting stubble number Method.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than harvesting stubble number, is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Straw 47-55, Chinese chestnut leaf 20-25, filter mud 10-13, peanut shell 16-18, lime 1.5-2, the chicken manure 3-4 for becoming thoroughly decomposed, EM bacteria agent 0.3-0.4, gypsum 1-1.2, Shitosan 3.5-4, Mn ferrite 2.4-2.8, paraffin 2.3-2.5, sorbester p17 4.3-4.5, Tween 80 1.1-1.4,3% penta 2 Aldehyde 0.2-0.4, lignoenzyme 0.5-0.7, acidic cellulase 0.4-0.6, neutral cellulase 0.4-0.6, hemicellulase 0.2-0.4, appropriate dilute sodium hydroxide, acetone in proper, appropriate absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation appropriate amount of water.

Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than a kind of harvesting stubble number, is made up of following concrete steps：

（1）The shitosan that deacetylation is 94% is added in the acetic acid solution that volumetric concentration is 2% make 4wt% shitosan molten Liquid, adds Mn ferrite stand-by after ultrasound 15-25min under 40KHz；

（2）Atoleine, sorbester p17 and Tween 80 are added in flask, with the rotating speed stirring 15-20min of 300r/min, dispersion Step is slowly added to after uniform（1）The product of preparation, persistently stirs 30-50min with the rotating speed of 1000r/min, is subsequently adding 3% Glutaraldehyde solution react 1-1.5h at 50-60 DEG C, it is 9-10 to adjust pH value with diluted sodium hydroxide solution, rises high-temperature to 70 DEG C continue reaction 2-2.5h, reaction terminate after with absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation water washing for several times, use magnet separation product, be placed in 40 DEG C Standby after dry, pulverize in baking oven；

（3）Lignoenzyme, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into quality respectively Fraction is 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（3）The product of preparation is added in the solution of different enzyme preparations, 30 DEG C of rotating speeds are that reaction 4-5h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction are separated with permanent magnet after terminating, with distillation water washing multiple after Natural drying at room temperature is standby；

（4）The size that dry rice straw is cut into 2-5cm, is prewetted with 1% limewash, by Chinese chestnut leaf, filter mud, peanut shell, gypsum and step Suddenly（3）The product mixing and stirring of preparation is into compound, the straw paving after then prewetting in magnetic field more than 300 Gausses In orlop, then last layer compound, lime, the chicken manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and EM bacteria agent is uniformly spread, heap is topmost spread to 10-12 layers A little lime mulching straws, cover film, and when material temperature rises to 70 DEG C, turning after crossing 10h carries out pasteurization, and after turning, material temperature is again Secondary sowed after 10h when reaching 65 DEG C again, now between 70-75%, pH value is 7.5-8 to the water content of control compost；

（5）Work as step（4）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32-35 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80-85 DEG C, fruiting phase material At 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90-95 DEG C temperature control system, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, is periodically harvested.

It is an advantage of the invention that：The cultivation rule of edible mushroom is not only affected by its external characteristic, more because in which sheet Matter and produce change, enzyme is the large biological molecule with biocatalytic Activity, in the living cells synthesis with efficiently, height specially The protein of one catalysis activity, in edible fungi growth growth course mycelia constantly to around which living environment secretion multiple extracellular Enzyme, by the cellulose macromolecule mass degradation in cultivation matrix into small-molecule substance, to absorb, ectoenzyme is edible fungi growth One of key factor of development, but its secretory volume is limited, therefore the utilization rate of matrix is subject to a definite limitation, constrains carrying for yield Height, the present invention using shitosan cheap and easy to get, nontoxic, biodegradable the characteristics of, while with good biocompatibility, richness Advantage containing the groups such as amino, hydroxyl, easily modification, realizes magnetization using chitosan imbedded Mn ferrite, by covalent, friendship Connection reaction anchoring fiber element enzyme and lignoenzyme, load capacity are high, good stability, it is to avoid enzyme is contacted with other materials so as to lived Power reduces, and effect is limited, and the zymophore for preparing can be separated and recovered under additional magnetic fields, good stability, is easy to weight Multiple utilization, and the present invention configures compost under the influence of a magnetic field, becomes the structure of compost by the effect in magnetic field Change, molecule knot is enough to be increased, and osmotic pressure increases, the dissolved oxygen amount increase of distilled water is beneficial to the biofermentation of compost, makes beneficial thing Matter quickly can be absorbed by straw mushroom hyphal cell, promote growth, and the Volvaria volvacea cultivation method compost cause of disease that the present invention is provided is miscellaneous Bacterium is reduced, and nutrition is readily absorbed by, and mycelia is sturdy dense white, and growing way is good, strong stress resistance, and former base forms many, and straw mushroom commodity is good, product Amount is high, and application prospect is extensive.

Specific embodiment

A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than harvesting stubble number, by following weight portion（Kilogram）Raw material make：Straw 47, Chinese chestnut leaf 20, filter mud 10, peanut shell 16, lime 1.5, the chicken manure 3 for becoming thoroughly decomposed, EM bacteria agent 0.3, gypsum 1, shitosan 3.5, ferromanganese oxygen Body 2.4, paraffin 2.3, sorbester p17 4.3, Tween 80 1.1,3% glutaraldehyde 0.2, lignoenzyme 0.5, acidic cellulase 0.4, Neutral cellulase 0.4, hemicellulase 0.2, appropriate dilute sodium hydroxide, acetone in proper, appropriate absolute ethyl alcohol, distilled water are fitted Amount.

Volvaria volvacea cultivation method more than a kind of harvesting stubble number, is made up of following concrete steps：

（1）The shitosan that deacetylation is 94% is added in the acetic acid solution that volumetric concentration is 2% make 4wt% shitosan molten Liquid, adds Mn ferrite stand-by after ultrasound 15min under 40KHz；

（2）Atoleine, sorbester p17 and Tween 80 are added in flask, with the rotating speed stirring 15min of 300r/min, are uniformly dispersed After be slowly added to step（1）The product of preparation, persistently stirs 30min with the rotating speed of 1000r/min, is subsequently adding 3% glutaraldehyde Solution reacts 1h at 50 DEG C, and it is 9 to adjust pH value with diluted sodium hydroxide solution, rises high-temperature and continues reaction 2h, reaction to 70 DEG C After end with absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation water washing for several times, use magnet separation product, be placed in 40 DEG C of baking ovens standby after dry, pulverize；

（3）Lignoenzyme, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into quality respectively Fraction is 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（3）The product of preparation is added in the solution of different enzyme preparations, 30 DEG C of rotating speeds are that reaction 4h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction are separated with permanent magnet after terminating, with the multiple rear chamber of distillation water washing Temperature spontaneously dries standby；

（4）The size that dry rice straw is cut into 2cm, is prewetted with 1% limewash, by Chinese chestnut leaf, filter mud, peanut shell, gypsum and step （3）Then straw after prewetting is layered in magnetic field more than 300 Gausses by the product mixing and stirring of preparation into compound Orlop, then last layer compound, lime, the chicken manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and EM bacteria agent is uniformly spread, heap to 10 layers topmost spreads a little lime Mulching straw, covers film, and when material temperature rises to 70 DEG C, turning after crossing 10h carries out pasteurization, and after turning, material temperature reaches again Sowed after 10h when 65 DEG C again, now between 70%, pH value is 7.5 to the water content of control compost；

（5）Work as step（4）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80 DEG C, and fruiting phase material temperature is controlled At 30 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90 DEG C, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, is periodically harvested.

In order to embody the impact that ectoenzyme grows to straw mushroom, according to embodiment culture material formula and take without extracellular The embodiment culture material formula of enzyme is cultivated to straw mushroom respectively, as a result as follows：

A：Embodiment compost

B：Embodiment compost without ectoenzyme

A B

Bacterial classification is sprouted（d） 2 3

Mycelium growth vigor ++++++

Former base occurs（d） 7 9

Former base growing way ++++++

"+" number represents mycelial density, and "+" represents that density is bigger

The properties and characteristicses of fructification

The mono- mushroom weight/g biological conversion rates/% of stem diameter/cm stems length/cm

A 1.4 7.8 29.36 34.2

B 0.9 6.4 24.64 21.8

Claims (2)

1. a kind of harvesting stubble number more than Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：Straw 47-55, Chinese chestnut leaf 20-25, filter mud 10-13, peanut shell 16-18, lime 1.5-2, the chicken manure 3-4 for becoming thoroughly decomposed, EM bacteria agent 0.3- 0.4th, gypsum 1-1.2, shitosan 3.5-4, Mn ferrite 2.4-2.8, paraffin 2.3-2.5, sorbester p17 4.3-4.5, Tween 80 1.1-1.4,3% glutaraldehyde 0.2-0.4, lignoenzyme 0.5-0.7, acidic cellulase 0.4-0.6, neutral cellulase 0.4- 0.6th, hemicellulase 0.2-0.4, appropriate dilute sodium hydroxide, acetone in proper, appropriate absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation appropriate amount of water.

2. according to claim 1 a kind of harvesting stubble number more than Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, it is characterised in that by following concrete steps Make：

（1）The shitosan that deacetylation is 94% is added in the acetic acid solution that volumetric concentration is 2% make 4wt% shitosan molten Liquid, adds Mn ferrite stand-by after ultrasound 15-25min under 40KHz；

（2）Atoleine, sorbester p17 and Tween 80 are added in flask, with the rotating speed stirring 15-20min of 300r/min, dispersion Step is slowly added to after uniform（1）The product of preparation, persistently stirs 30-50min with the rotating speed of 1000r/min, is subsequently adding 3% Glutaraldehyde solution react 1-1.5h at 50-60 DEG C, it is 9-10 to adjust pH value with diluted sodium hydroxide solution, rises high-temperature to 70 DEG C continue reaction 2-2.5h, reaction terminate after with absolute ethyl alcohol, distillation water washing for several times, use magnet separation product, be placed in 40 DEG C Standby after dry, pulverize in baking oven；

（3）Lignoenzyme, acidic cellulase, neutral cellulase and hemicellulase are diluted with distilled water into quality respectively Fraction is 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.25% enzyme solutions, by step（3）The product of preparation is added in the solution of different enzyme preparations, 30 DEG C of rotating speeds are that reaction 4-5h in the shaking table of 120rpm, reaction are separated with permanent magnet after terminating, with distillation water washing multiple after Natural drying at room temperature is standby；

（4）The size that dry rice straw is cut into 2-5cm, is prewetted with 1% limewash, by Chinese chestnut leaf, filter mud, peanut shell, gypsum and step Suddenly（3）The product mixing and stirring of preparation is into compound, the straw paving after then prewetting in magnetic field more than 300 Gausses In orlop, then last layer compound, lime, the chicken manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed and EM bacteria agent is uniformly spread, heap is topmost spread to 10-12 layers A little lime mulching straws, cover film, and when material temperature rises to 70 DEG C, turning after crossing 10h carries out pasteurization, and after turning, material temperature is again Secondary sowed after 10h when reaching 65 DEG C again, now between 70-75%, pH value is 7.5-8 to the water content of control compost；

（5）Work as step（4）The compost material temperature of preparation is inoculated with straw mushroom bacterial classification when being down to 38 DEG C, and bacterial classification is uniformly sprinkling upon compost On, inoculum concentration is advisable with covering charge level, and MC makes material temperature be maintained at 32-35 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80-85 DEG C, fruiting phase material At 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at 90-95 DEG C temperature control system, gives suitable illumination and oxygen, is periodically harvested.