CN102845230A - Volvaria volvacea cultivation method capable of promoting volvaria volvacea primordium to be differentiated - Google Patents
Volvaria volvacea cultivation method capable of promoting volvaria volvacea primordium to be differentiated Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a volvaria volvacea cultivation method capable of promoting volvaria volvacea primordium to be differentiated, and in particular relates to a volvaria volvacea cultivation technology. The volvaria volvacea cultivation method comprises the following steps of: (1) soaking raw materials; (2) building and stacking cultivation materials and naturally carrying out stack retting and fermenting; (3) adding 110-120g of sodium citrate into every one hundred kilograms of stirred and wetted cultivation materials (a result is obtained by the trial test), so that the final water content of the cultivation materials is 65%-68%; (4) moving the fermented cultivation materials onto a bed frame, and covering by a thin film; (5) secondly fermenting the cultivation materials, and carrying out pasteurization; (6) inoculating; (7) managing cultivation; and (8) harvesting. The volvaria volvacea cultivation method is simple to use, and has the advantages that the differentiation of the primordium can be promoted, the quantity of the volvaria volvacea primordium can be increased, the number of the effective sporocarp can be increased, the yield per unit area can be improved by 31.05%, the contamination rate is low, the biologicalefficiency is high and the like, thereby being very suitable for the production of the volvaria volvacea, and convenient to practically popularize and use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivating method for edible fungi field, particularly relate to a kind of straw mushroom culture technique.
Background technology
Straw mushroom belongs to Basidiomycetes, Holobasidiomycetidae, Agaricales, the mushroom section of binding foot, Volvariella.Straw mushroom is former to be the saprophytic fungus of Perenniporia martius areas of high temperature and rainfall.Investigate according to professor Zhang Shuting of Hong Kong Chinese University, straw mushroom is cultivated the earliest in China, culture technique is reached the ground such as Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand, Singapore, India, Indonesia by the overseas Chinese afterwards, after pass to again Africa Nigeria and Madagascar.In recent years, some American-European countries also begin cultivation.It is existing that oneself develops into a kind of global edible mushroom.Straw mushroom is a kind of best-selling product on the international mushroom class market, and output occupies the 6th in all edible mushrooms.China is the first big country of producing of straw mushroom in the world, also is the main exit country on the straw mushroom market, the world.In the past, what cultivating straw mushroom was more is the southern provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan; Oneself develops into the provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi in recent years.Straw mushroom (
VolvariellaVolvacea) mushroom meat tender and crisp, delicious flavour, nutritious, be the edible mushroom that south China is generally cultivated.According to analysis, fresh straw mushroom water content 92.39%, protein 2.66%, crude fat 2.26%, reducing sugar 1.66%, invert sugar 0.95%, ash content 0.91%.The protein content of straw mushroom is 3～6 times of vegetables.Its nutriture value is costly between meat and vegetables, and " meat or fish in the element " laudatory title is arranged.The fat that straw mushroom contains is lower than meat, meets high protein, low-fat modern nutriology requirement.In the protein of straw mushroom formed, the amino acid of various needed by human not only composition was complete, and content is high, and essential amino acids content accounts for 38.2% of total amino acid content.In addition, straw mushroom contains multivitamin, and especially the content of Vc is the highest.Contain Vc up to 206.28mg in the bright mushroom of every 100g, surpass various vegetables and fruit.Fresh straw mushroom quality is fresh and tender, and its flavor is very beautiful, and the cooking Baoshang can be rated as good merchantable brand.Just because of this, the dried product take straw mushroom as Raw material processing, fragrance is stronger.Can make the goods such as can, straw mushroom soy sauce, straw mushroom sour milk, straw mushroom wine, straw mushroom preserved fruit, differ from one another, by being welcome the domestic and international market.Straw mushroom is cool in nature, and it is sweet to distinguish the flavor of, little salty, nontoxic, invigorates the spleen and benefits qi, clearing away summerheat, Vitamin C disease, improves the effects such as immunity, accelerated in wounds and wound healing.It also has the cholesterol of reduction and anticancer, detoxication, can make lead, arsenic, benzene etc. and vitamin-combination form Vitamin C unit, excretes with urine.Also can stop the formation of nitrite in the body.Straw mushroom also contains the active substance that suppresses and kill cancer cell, the growth that the nitrogenous extract of straw mushroom and purine base also can inhibition cancer cells.So straw mushroom has higher nutritive value and good health care.Carrying out in the edible mushroom of commercial cultivation, straw mushroom is to carry out one of tame edible mushroom scorching summer, and is the shortest edible mushroom of artificial cultivation cycle.Be edible mushroom supply dull season summer, and straw mushroom becomes one of edible fungus variety with fastest developing speed in summer.
Since 1994, bright straw mushroom selling price at home is about 14～20 yuan/kg.In recent years, along with people to the continuous intensification of straw mushroom understanding and the further raising of living standard, so that the demand of straw mushroom on market is increasing.Although it is short that cultivating straw mushroom has the cycle, the advantages such as culturing raw material wide material sources, its output and biology conversion ratio are lower.By researching and analysing, how to improve the former basic differentiation rate of straw mushroom, and then increase the former radix amount of straw mushroom, also be a breach of improving straw mushroom output.
Sodium citrate is applied in food fresh keeping more, and such as bread, meat, fish etc., there is not yet report has the research that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom.And based on this, provide a kind of new Volvaria volvacea cultivation technology.
Technical scheme
A kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom comprises:
(1) soaks raw material
With limewash soaking fermentation raw material, trample on trickle limit, limit, until till raw material soaks into;
(2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating primary fermentation
Fermentation raw material after above-mentioned the soaking into picked up build heap, cover with film, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving, in the middle of stockpile and punching all around, be beneficial to ventilation, natural pile fermentation 2 days;
(3) adding citric acid sodium
Add the sodium citrate of 110-120g in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of per hundred kilograms of weight in wet bases after stirring, be sprayed on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after sodium citrate is dissolved in water, the final water content that makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 65% ~ 68%;
(4) composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters the room
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after step (3) processing is brought up to bedstead, and the thickness of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 10～12cm, covers about 10h with film, and composts or fertilisers of cultivating is heated up naturally;
(5) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after fermentation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after the covering of step (4) film is carried out secondary fermentation, at 60～65 ℃ of lower 5～6h that keep, carry out pasteurization, then aeration-cooling to 50 ℃ of lower 5～6h that keep;
(6) sowing
When material temperature is down to 38 ℃, rob and broadcast straw mushroom bacterial classification V23, under open environment, bacterial classification is sprinkling upon above the above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating uniformly;
(7) cultivation management
MC makes material temperature remain on 32-34 ℃, and relative moisture is 80-85%, enters the fruiting phase, makes material temperature remain on 30-32 ℃, and relative moisture is 90-95%;
(8) gather
Namely entered picking time in after planting the 9th～11 day; In order to improve the commodity value of straw mushroom product, should gather in the mushroom straw mushroom egg type phase.
Raw material in the described step (1) is selected fresh, without the mouldy and rotten material of nothing, is exposed to the sun 3-4 days before using; Limewash is that mass percent is 1% limewash.The bacterial classification of sowing is straw mushroom bacterial strain V23 in the described step (6).
Beneficial effect
(1) method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, is convenient to actual applying;
(2) method of the present invention has the formation that promotes the former base of straw mushroom, and the quantity of the former base of straw mushroom is increased, and then increase the advantage of effective fruit body number, the output increased 31.05% of unit are, pollution rate reduces, and biological efficiency is high.
The Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of the former base differentiation of promotion of the present invention straw mushroom is that every 100Kg adds 110-120 g sodium citrate after spontaneous fermentation, before the pasteurization, has solved the problem that how to improve former base differentiation.Can promote a large amount of generations of the former base of straw mushroom with the inventive method cultivating straw mushroom, increase effective commodity fruit body number, cultivating rate and biology transformation efficiency have been improved, for sick worm living contaminants corresponding solution has been arranged also, the cultivation process is not added complicated work program, and this drug price is cheap, is fit to very much cultivating straw mushroom and uses, and income is very high.
Spray the sodium citrate acid sodium solution and compare with the contrast that does not spray sodium citrate solution (CK), per kilogram composts or fertilisers of cultivating (weight in wet base) volume increase straw mushroom 13.49g, on average increasing income is 0.32 yuan.Be 68% to calculate according to water content, namely 320g (siccative) increases income 0.32 yuan.3000 jin of siccatives of mushroom room materials calculate, mushroom room 1400 yuan of net increase incomes on the output.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used for explanation the present invention and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition that after having read content disclosed by the invention those skilled in the art can make conventional various changes or modification to the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall into the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of cultivation fermentation raw material
The cultivation fermentation raw material is the straw+10 parts of wheat brans of 50 parts waste cotton+40 parts.Should select fresh, without mouldy, without the raw material that rots.Straw is cut into segment less than 5cm, before using, was exposed to the sun 3-4 days.
(2) weighing
Above-mentioned weight percent according to the cultivation fermentation raw material carries out weighing, then culturing raw material is mixed, and is placed in the Da Chi of spice.
(3) soak raw material
Soak waste cotton and straw with limewash, trample on trickle limit, limit, until till all raw material soaks into.With the pH value of pH test paper mensuration composts or fertilisers of cultivating, to be advisable with 8.5-9, the control water content is 65～68%.Limewash is that mass percent is 1% limewash.
(4) composts or fertilisers of cultivating primary fermentation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after soaking into is picked up, build heap, place earthworm, above composts or fertilisers of cultivating is piled up.Cover with film, when temperature rises to the 60-62 ℃ of left and right sides, carry out turning.
(5) adding citric acid sodium
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight in wet base is 100Kg, gets sodium citrate 116g, and the sodium citrate that weighs up is put in the water, is sprayed on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after stirring allows it fully dissolve, and finally makes the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content be controlled at 65～68%.
(6) composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters the room
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that ferments is moved into the mushroom room that has disinfected while hot, be tiled on the bedstead, spread first one deck woven bag during stone, general layer thickness is about 10cm～12cm, and plastic film covers 10-12h for it is heated up naturally.
(7) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after fermentation
After composts or fertilisers of cultivating is completed, carry out secondary fermentation, close the doors and windows, the mushroom room heats with honeycomb briquette, carry out pasteurization, when the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature reaches the 63-65 ℃ of left and right sides in the mushroom room by the time, keep 5～6h, after sterilization finishes, door and window is opened, and open the charge level film and ventilate, scavenge and lower the temperature, drop to 50 ℃ and keep 5～6h.
(8) sowing
After secondary fermentation is complete, open the plastic film that covers at charge level, open door and window and ventilate, wait mushroom room temperature to drop to 35 ℃ about-36, when 38 ℃ of bacterium bed material temperatures under open environment with straw mushroom (
Volvariella volvacea) bacterial strain V23(is public, is purchased from academy of agricultural sciences, Shanghai City DSMZ of edible mushroom research institute, list of references:
The research of straw mushroom basidiospore germination condition-" edible mushroom " 04 phase in 2009)Broadcast sowing equably the surface of bacterium bed composts or fertilisers of cultivating, after planting cover plastic film, in order to cultivating healthy and strong mycelia, note temperature in the control material, take off film every day and ventilate 1～2 time.When mycelia is covered with composts or fertilisers of cultivating, take film off.
(9) cultivation management
After planting during covering with composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mycelia is bacteria developing period.This stage management emphasis mainly is the temp. and humidity in control mushroom room, obtain high yield, must keep a close eye on material temperature, temperature, the water content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and the space humidity in the mushroom room.Strict control material temperature remains on 32～34 ℃, and indoor air humidity remains on 80～85%.Will take off film every day and ventilate 2 times, each 30min promotes the growth of mycelia, throws off film after planting the 3rd day, and ventilation 30min after charge level is dryer and comfortableer, carries out a moisturizing; After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, then shutting door and window rises again, make the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 33～35 ℃, material temperature is controlled at 30～33 ℃ of water sprays and suitably ventilates afterwards, and mushroom room relative air humidity is controlled at 90～95%, suitably moisturizing, there is water to ooze out under the composts or fertilisers of cultivating and is degree, the ventilation of mushroom room avoids allowing wind directly blow bed surface, and the mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam.
(10) gather and adopt rear management
Under normal cultivation condition, namely entered picking time in after planting the 9th～11 day.In order to improve the commodity value of straw mushroom product, should grow up to avette, the after birth egg type phase before broken at the mushroom body and gather.Generally should be early, respectively gather 1 time evening, a damp mushroom can be gathered 3～5 days.
In the identical situation such as, cultivation management consistent in seeding quantity, process the spray sodium citrate, the result that sodium citrate is not sprayed in contrast shows that a residential quarter is area 0.77m
2, use composts or fertilisers of cultivating 35Kg, add the sodium citrate solution residential quarter and compare with the control plot, (take wherein once as example, see Table 1).The result of the test Graphics Processing compared with the control, the average former basic number in residential quarter increases by 124, output increases 472g.
Be 24 yuan/Kg according to market price, produce next mushroom canopy and increase income 1500 yuan.One bottle of sodium citrate price is 10 yuan.A mushroom room is once used 10 bottles, compares with output from dropping into, and profit is considerable, and it is 1400 yuan that a mushroom canopy has a net increase of income.
Input and the output ratio of two kinds of processing of table 1.
Claims (3)
1. one kind promotes the former basic Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that breaks up of straw mushroom, comprising:
(1) with limewash soaking fermentation raw material, trample on trickle limit, limit, until till raw material soaks into;
(2) fermentation raw material after above-mentioned the soaking into is picked up build heap, cover with film, natural pile fermentation 2d obtains the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of primary fermentation;
(3) with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of above-mentioned primary fermentation through after stirring, add the sodium citrate of 110-120 g with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of per hundred kilograms of weight in wet bases, be sprayed on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after sodium citrate is dissolved in water, the final water content that makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 65% ~ 68%;
(4) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after step (3) processing is brought up to bedstead, the thickness of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 10～12cm, covers 10h with film, allows composts or fertilisers of cultivating naturally heat up;
(5) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after the covering of step (4) film is carried out secondary fermentation, at 60～65 ℃ of lower 5～6h that keep, carry out pasteurization; Then aeration-cooling to 50 ℃ of lower 5～6h that keep, get the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after the fermentation;
(6) when material temperature is down to 38 ℃, rob and broadcast straw mushroom bacterial classification V23, under open environment, bacterial classification is sprinkling upon above the above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating uniformly;
(7) MC makes material temperature remain on 32-34 ℃, and relative moisture is 80-85%; Enter the fruiting phase, make material temperature remain on 30-32 ℃, relative moisture is 90-95%;
(8) the egg type phase gathers.
2. a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fermentation raw material in the described step (1) is fresh, without mouldy and without the material that rots, is exposed to the sun 3-4 days before use; Limewash is that mass percent is 1% limewash.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the bacterial classification in the described step (6) is straw mushroom bacterial strain V23.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105325174A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Cultivation method of straw mushrooms |
| CN106588277A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of straw mushrooms |
| CN106576899A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method capable of facilitating straw mushroom primordium differentiation |
| CN106613332A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-10 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Straw mushroom cultivating method with high conversion rate |
| CN107926481A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of pure cultivation using staw method of straw mushroom |
| CN109275495A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-01-29 | 陕西蓝米信息技术有限公司 | A method of improving straw mushroom cultivating rate |
| CN110981569A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Tunnel fermentation method of straw mushroom compost |
| CN111328632A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-26 | 上海市农业科学院 | Fermentation method of straw mushroom culture material |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102177812A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2011-09-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for increasing yield of volvariella volvacea |
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- 2012-10-10 CN CN201210380948.5A patent/CN102845230B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177812A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2011-09-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for increasing yield of volvariella volvacea |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105325174A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Cultivation method of straw mushrooms |
| CN106588277A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of straw mushrooms |
| CN106576899A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method capable of facilitating straw mushroom primordium differentiation |
| CN106613332A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-10 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Straw mushroom cultivating method with high conversion rate |
| CN107926481A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of pure cultivation using staw method of straw mushroom |
| CN109275495A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-01-29 | 陕西蓝米信息技术有限公司 | A method of improving straw mushroom cultivating rate |
| CN110981569A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Tunnel fermentation method of straw mushroom compost |
| CN111328632A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-26 | 上海市农业科学院 | Fermentation method of straw mushroom culture material |
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