CN1066100C - 用热塑性材料，特别是用聚烯烃制造多层管的方法及装置 - Google Patents

用热塑性材料，特别是用聚烯烃制造多层管的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1066100C
CN1066100C CN96104012A CN96104012A CN1066100C CN 1066100 C CN1066100 C CN 1066100C CN 96104012 A CN96104012 A CN 96104012A CN 96104012 A CN96104012 A CN 96104012A CN 1066100 C CN1066100 C CN 1066100C
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拉尔夫-彼得·海格勒
威尔海姆·海格勒
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Abstract

为了制造热塑性材料，特别是聚烯烃多层管，提供一挤压装置，它沿生产方向(9)挤压至少一个管壳。用于成形外部异形管(8)的校准装置设置在挤压装置的下游。该校准装置之后设置一预热器(19)，用于将具有外部异形的外表面(45)加热到焊接温度。还设有一双挤压头(7)，它带有一挤压机，用于双挤压一包着管(8)的管壳(46)；该双挤压头(7)还带有一局部真空接口管道(39)，以使管壳(46)与外表面(45)在周围压力和局部真空压力的压差的作用下焊接在一起。

Description

用热塑性材料，特别是用聚烯烃制造多层管的方法及装置
本发明涉及一种用热塑性材料，特别是用聚烯烃制造多层管的方法以及将这种方法用于实际的装置。
多层管，特别是三层管，见于德国专利文献DE1704718B2(与之相应的美国专利是US3677676和US3538209)。
德国专利申请公开DE2042031给出了一种方法和装置用于制造热塑性材料的三层管，即，一个设有一用通常制造的外波纹管的双壁管。在一个双挤压头中注射成形一个围绕这个双壁管的管壳，这个管壳在一个处于其下游的外部校准装置上被真空校准。用这种方法制造的三层管可以用作保护管，特别是用作电缆槽及排水管道，使用条件是其内部不能暴露在相当大的压力下。用这种方法制造的多层管存在这样的问题，即，制成外层管或壳层的管壳与事先制造并外部成形好了的管子之间不能获得可靠的焊接。更详细地说，当使用的是聚烯烃类的材料，如聚乙烯，事先制造及外部成形的管子其外直径具有相当大的公差，不存在用于已知的外部校准装置的限定条件。
本发明的目的是推出一种制造多层管的方法和装置，使得用来被管壳包围着的管子其外直径公差值不重要。
为实现上述目的，按本发明，提供了一种用于制造热塑性材料多层管的方法，包括如下步骤：制造一个具有一个光滑内表面的第一热塑管作为内管，一波纹外管焊接于上述内管，所述外管具有一种外部异形的波纹形状，且所述异形的波纹形状具有外圆柱表面和侧面；维持所述外部异型的波纹形状的形状；将上述外部异形的波纹形状的所述外圆柱表面加热至焊接温度，以在上述外部异形的波纹形状上提供加热的外圆柱表面；围绕所述加热的外圆柱表面提供低于环境压力的压力；将一个热塑性材料的管壳挤压在所述加热的外圆柱表面上，同时维持上述外部异形的波纹形状；在所述管壳上提供环境压力，以利用作用于所述管壳上的环境压力和与作用于所述加热的外圆柱表面的低于环境压力的压力之间的压力差将上述管壳和外圆柱表面焊接在一起；以及，冷却所形成的多层管。
为实现上述目的，还提供了一种制造多层管的装置，包括：用于沿生产方向共挤压一具有光滑内表面的第一热塑管和一外管的一种挤压装置；用于将所述外管成形有外部异形的波纹形状、得到外圆柱表面并将所述外管焊接至所述第一热塑管以形成一双壁管的一种校准装置；一个用来将具有所述波纹形状的外表面加热到焊接温度的预热器；一个带有挤压机的双挤压头，这个挤压机用于双挤压一个包着双壁管的管壳，这个双挤压头有一个部分真空的接口管道。
本发明的要旨在于关心下述事实，即事先制造的管的外表面要加热到焊接温度，在这些外表面上要焊接随后由双挤压方式得到的管壳；管壳被压到这些外表面是通过这样的方式，即由外界作用在管壳上的压力差将管壳压至管的外表面。在随后的冷却过程，这个压力差不仅能维持而且还增加，实验显示，从加工好了的多层管上拉或撕掉这层平滑的壳体几乎是不可能的。根据本发明制造的多层管其优点在于，当重量增加仅为20-30％时，这个管的刚度将成倍增加，特别是对于一个用这样一个外层管包着的双壁管。因为这样一个多层管有一个平滑的外表面，在运输及放置过程中它易于操纵。更详细地说，再不会发生这样的问题，即肋式管所存在的当放置时肋式管不能沿地面滑动，因为肋片会插入地里。因为有一个平滑的外壳，支管很容易制造。这个附加的外壳也为防漏提供了进一步的保护。
通过下面参照附图对实施例的描述，本发明的细节将变得清晰明了。附图中：
图1是用于生产一种三层管的装置的示意图，
图2是过图1所示装置的双挤压头处的纵截面图，
图3是过两个三层管的纵截面图，这两个管被一个套筒连在一起，
图4是在一个肋式管的基础上生产一个多层管的示意图。
图1示意地说明了用于生产多层管，特别是生产三层管的装置。一种挤压装置1被显示在图左，它包括第一挤压机2和第二挤压机3，这两个挤压机有一个共同的挤压头挤压出两个由热塑材料，特别是由聚烯烃制成的彼此同心的管，这两个管在随后的校准装置5上被成形为双壁管。这样的挤压头4是可知的，如见德国专利文献DE1704718B2(与之相应的美国专利是US3677676)。这样一种校准装置5同样也是已知的，如见欧洲专利文献EP0065729B1(与之相应的美国专利为US4492551)。如果要制造所谓的肋式管，则需要设置一个单独的挤压机。与之相适应的校准装置是已知的，如见欧洲专利文献EP0301189B1(与之对应的美国专利是US4900503)。这个管子在冷却来以具有稳定的尺寸的状态下离开校准装置5。一个双挤压头7与校准装置5的中心纵轴6同轴设置，双壁管8沿生产方向9进入双挤压头7。这个双挤压头7在图2中详细示出，在下文还将涉及到。在双挤压头7中围绕管8注射成形一个形成外部管式外壳的管。随后这样形成的多层管10首先通过一个空气冷却槽11然后进入水冷槽12。多层管10由卸料装置13沿生产方向9排出，卸料装置可以是所谓的皮带输送或履带输送器。沿生产方向9在卸料装置13之后可设置一个分离台14(例如，一个锯床)，分离台14之后还可再设置一个所谓的管套成形机15，在其上注射成形围绕各管段的管套。
在双挤压头7的上游设置有第三挤压头16，一个熔体导管17将挤压机16连接到双挤压头7的大致呈环形的基体18上。在朝向校准装置5侧，即沿生产方向9看基体18的上游处，在基体18上设置了一个预热器19，这个预热器包括一个具有良好导热性的薄壁管式支架20和一个加热器21，例如，一个电热丝式加热器安装在这个支架20上。在管的入口侧22，即参照生产方向9在预热器19的前端，在支架20的内部设置一密封装置23，将位于管入口侧22的双挤压头7的内腔24密封。这个密封装置压在管8的外部并能补偿管8外直径的主要变化。
一个双金属挤压模25被设置在另一边，即沿生产方向看在基体18的后端。一个内压模管26借助螺栓被紧固在基体18上，这些螺栓仅在图中大致画出。此外，一个外部调节环27用螺栓安装在基体18上，这些螺栓同样仅在图中大致画出。这个内压模管26被一个外压模管28包围，在压模管26和28之间构成了一个大致为环形的熔体通道29。
沿径向延伸至轴6并且压在外压模管28上的调节螺栓30被固定在调节环27上。外压模管28通过这些调节螺栓30来对中，由此，能精确地给出所期望的熔体通道9的横截面尺寸。沿生产方向9看，在压模25的后端32，内压模管26有一个环状垫圈31用来固定压力调节螺栓33，螺栓33抵压在外压模管28的端面32上。此外，用于调整张力的螺栓34被固定在这个环形垫圈31上，这些螺栓与在外压模管28上的螺纹孔35相啮合，这些螺纹孔开在外压模管28端部32附近。压力调整螺栓33和张力调节螺栓34用来沿轴6方向调整外压模管28或者甚至让它相对于轴6作稍微的倾斜。由此，压模口36的宽度α甚至可以用这样一种方式来调整，即，这个宽度α在整个周长范围内变化。调整压模的这种方式在欧洲专利文献EP0509216A3(与之对应的美国专利为US5，346，384)中做了详细的说明和描述，可参考该文献。
熔体通道29被连到熔体导管17上。基体18，调节环27以及外压模管28被熔体加热器37包裹着，这个加热器使熔体38处于必要的挤压温度下。
基体18上设有一个局部真空接口管道39，这个管道通到双挤压头7的内腔24里。这个内腔24在双挤压头7的整个长度上延伸。在管出口侧40，也就是沿生产方向9看在它的后端，这个大致呈管状的内腔24有一个圆柱形段41，其内直径D大于管8的最大外直径d。从生产方向9看，压模口36形成在双金属挤压模25的后端。
操作方式如下所述：
一个双壁管经由挤压装置1沿生产方向9至双挤压头7，这个挤压装置包括校准装置5在内。这个双壁管8一般包括一个平滑的内管43和一个波纹状的外管44。这个波纹管44具有环状的或者为特殊用途甚至螺旋状延伸的柱体外表面45。密封装置23应以这样一种方式压在柱体外表面45上，即，它总是压在至少一个柱体外表面45上。用这种方式，内腔24在这个区域与大气隔绝。
尤其是外表面45被预热器19加热到一定温度，该温度对焊接具有可焊性的热塑材料是必要的。根据具体情况，没有预热器19也可以，因为双挤压头7散发给管8的热量对于特别是将外表面45加热能进行焊接的温度是足够的。管8在局部真空的作用下，即在局部真空接口管道39产生的一个低于常压的压力作用下，穿过双挤压头7的内腔24。热塑材料，尤其是聚烯烃的熔体38，经由双挤压模25的压模口36在按生产方向9所示的压模25下游的位置被以管壳46的形式挤压到管8上。由于双挤压头7的内腔24的局部真空，管壳46被压至波纹管44的柱体外表面45上，这个局部真空可扩展至管壳46和管8的接触区47。管壳46的温度仍然允许焊接。如前提到的，外表面45被加热到一个相应的温度。此外，还由于外界气压对管壳46的作用，在管壳46和外表面45之间获得了可靠而且坚固的焊接。因为所述的局部真空遍及波纹管44的波纹槽48，管壳46在每个外表面45之间区域会发生轻微变形。
如果管8在波纹管44中有一平滑壁段49，参见图2右方，那么管壳46位于这个平滑壁段49的整个表面上，并且在所说的压力下大致上与全部表面焊接上。这样即使当平滑段49在管进口侧22进入到双挤压头7密封装置23也能充分密封。在这种情况下，设置一个相应的局部真空源(图中未示出)将帮助防止内腔24里的压力增加。这样一个光滑壁段49，其内直径b对应于管8的内直径b，它的制造已知，如见欧洲专利文献EP0600214A1(相应的美国专利文献为US08/154855)。这个文献还给出了一种双壁管8的生产，这个管有一个具有套筒50形式的平滑壁段，如图3所示。在这种情况下，管壳46也是以管套50的形式被挤压到这个平滑壁段上并且被焊在它上面。这样一个管套50的内径c稍微大于按上述方式制造的多层管10的外径e，这个多层管在本例描述中为一三层管。
然而，也可在多层管10通过分离台14被切割之后，在下游的管套形成机上形成管套。在这种情况下，被壳层46包住的平滑壁段49象通常那样被加热、被扩张而形成一个管套筒。图3还示出了一个多层管10是如何借助这样一种整体注射成形的管套50而与相邻的管10联接在一起的。
除双壁管8以外，任何一种类型的外部异形管，即任何管子其横截面设有结构壁，都能配置一个附加壳体，这种壳体是通过挤压方式获得的管壳46。图4说明了一个在为其设计的挤压装置和校准装置上制造出来的肋式管8＇是如何被这样一个管壳46所包覆，该管壳仅施加在径向延伸的肋片52的被加热到焊接温度的径向外表面51上，并被焊在这些表面上。用这种方法，形成的管10＇是一个双层管。就肋式管8＇来说，一个平滑壁段49＇也能被管壳46包覆。这个有包层的段49＇或者作为一个接口，或者扩张而成为一个管套。
所使用的热塑性材料并不需要总是相同的，至关重要的是它们能焊在一起。这种材料特别是聚烯烃材料，聚乙烯同聚乙烯或者聚乙烯同聚丙烯有可能焊在一起。

Claims (10)

1．一种用于制造热塑性材料多层管的方法，包括如下步骤：
制造一个具有一个光滑内表面的第一热塑管作为内管，一波纹外管焊接于上述内管，所述外管具有一种外部异形的波纹形状，且所述异形的波纹形状具有外圆柱表面和侧面；
维持所述外部异形的波纹形状的形状；
将上述外部异形的波纹形状的所述外圆柱表面加热至焊接温度，以在上述外部异形的波纹形状上提供加热的外圆柱表面；
围绕所述加热的外圆柱表面提供低于环境压力的压力；
将一个热塑性材料的管壳挤压在所述加热的外圆柱表面上，同时维持上述外部异形的波纹形状；
在所述管壳上提供环境压力，以利用作用于所述管壳上的环境压力和与作用于所述加热的外圆柱表面的低于环境压力的压力之间的压力差将上述管壳和外圆柱表面焊接在一起；以及
冷却所形成的多层管。
2．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一管具有至少一个位于两个外部异形段之间的平滑壁段；所述管壳利用所述压力差被焊接在所述至少一个平滑壁段上并基本上覆盖其全部表面。
3．根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：一个平滑壁段扩径形成一个套管。
4．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一管为一个双壁管，它具有一个平滑的内管和一个焊接于此内管的波纹状的外管；以及，所述管壳利用所述压力差被焊接在所述波纹状外管的外波纹表面上，而没有使所述外波纹表面变形。
5．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：上述多层管被冷却空气冷却。
6．根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：上述多层管被冷却水冷却。
7．一种根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法制造多层管的装置，包括：
-用于沿生产方向(9)共挤压一具有光滑内表面的第一热塑管(43)和一外管(44)的一种挤压装置(1)；
-用于将所述外管(44)成形有外部异形的波纹形状、得到外圆柱表面(45)并将所述外管(44)焊接至所述第一热塑管(43)以形成一双壁管(8)的一种校准装置(5)；
-一个用来将具有所述波纹形状的外表面(45)加热到焊接温度的预热器(19)；
-一个带有挤压机(16)的双挤压头(7)，这个挤压机用于双挤压一个包着双壁管(8)的管壳(46)，这个双挤压头(7)有一个部分真空的接口管道(39)。
8．根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于；上述双挤压头(7)在其管入口侧(22)附近设有一个密封装置(23)，该密封装置压在管(8)上。
9．根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：上述预热器(19)设置在双挤压头(7)的管入口侧(22)附近。
10．根据权利要求7至9之一所述的装置，其特征在于：至少有一个冷却槽(11，12)设置在双挤压头(7)的下游。
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DE59600882D1 (de) 1999-01-14
EP0726134A1 (de) 1996-08-14
CN1139615A (zh) 1997-01-08
US5976298A (en) 1999-11-02
CA2169212C (en) 2005-06-14
CA2169212A1 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0726134B1 (de) 1998-12-02
KR100425413B1 (ko) 2004-06-26
KR960031119A (ko) 1996-09-17

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