CN106577392A - Mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta - Google Patents
Mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta Download PDFInfo
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- CN106577392A CN106577392A CN201611167155.XA CN201611167155A CN106577392A CN 106577392 A CN106577392 A CN 106577392A CN 201611167155 A CN201611167155 A CN 201611167155A CN 106577392 A CN106577392 A CN 106577392A
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- sea
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- autumn salmon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta. The mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta is implemented mainly from four aspects of culture equipment, feedstuff feeding, water quality requirements, daily management and the like. Complete artificial mariculture for oncorhynchus keta is achieved for the first time in China by means of unique culture technology and culture conditions. The method comprises the following advantages that it can be ensured that oncorhynchus keta is protected against influences of severe natural environment and various natural enemies in the growth process, the growth speed is high, and the survival rate is high; 2, oncorhynchus keta can be harvested in any growth stage, the meat quality is ensured, and meanwhile products with different specifications are provided for the market; and a foundation is laid for achieving complete artificial breeding of oncorhynchus keta. By integrating the advantages, the method has good economic benefits and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sea-farming method of autumn salmon, belongs to aquaculture field.
Background technology
Autumn salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), also known as dog salmon, chum salmon, is under the jurisdiction of salmon shape mesh
(Salmoniformes), salmonidae (Salmonidae), Pacific Ocean salmon category (Oncorhynchus), is the famous rare name of China
Your cold water fish.Be mainly distributed on east, the west two sides of North Pacific, China be with the Wusuli River, Heilungkiang, Song Hua River it is most,
The Dajia Xi in TUMENJIANG RIVER, Hui Chunhe, Mi Jiang, the Suifenhe, Nenjiang, Mudanjiang and Taiwan Province is also distributed.Autumn salmon is a kind of allusion quotation
Haihe River migration fishes of type, its history of life must be comprising fresh water growth phase and seawater growth phase：Embryonated egg is to juvenile fish rank
Section in fresh water live, fatten, grow after North Pacific, migration after sexal maturity is laid eggs in fresh water.Sea drops in juvenile fish naturally
Time reaches 3cm in annual five, June, body weight about 0.5g, total length；The usual body weight of adult is in 4.4kg-10kg in ocean, and body is long
About 60cm.
At this stage China releases for the research of autumn salmon resource and using mainly artificial fecundation is carried out, i.e., by artificial rule
Modelling breeds seed, is put in the suitable natural water area of environment and allows it to carry out nature drop sea, and recurrence group has been successfully obtained at present
Body.But the whole seed breeding process of the method is carried out in fresh water, and the artificial breeding time is shorter, and seed drops during sea naturally
Affected larger by natural environmental condition, yield is unstable.The autumn salmon of China's capture within the border is the individuality of the migration after sexal maturity, Jing
(adult fish is sailed against the current along river and is returned to birthplace by deep-sea to river mouth, and life waters salinity is gradually to cross prolonged anadromous migration
Reduce), its body fat is consumed in a large number, and flesh quality is poor, it is impossible to is formed with external product and is competed.
At present the seawater with regard to autumn salmon propagates research report artificially seldom.Because there is autumn salmon very unique existence to grow
Characteristic, it is very sensitive to water quality environment, so the industrial aquaculture for simulating its growing environment operates very loaded down with trivial details and survival rate
It is difficult to ensure that.Such as, applicant studied the chum salmon of 4～5g after introduced domestication in 2015 from Heilungkiang aquatic products
Kind of 2000 tails, implement first salinization blending operation to it, will nursery be successively 5 ‰, 10 ‰, 15 ‰, 20 ‰, 25 ‰ in salinity
Seawater in it is each process 24h, sea water culture environment is then put into, through experimental cultivation, one week survival rate to 90%.Although
The high survival rate of comparison is obtained in that through this salinization processing mode, but due to salinization long processing period, operation difficulty is big, and
Be not all of plant and all possess salinization transition condition, can not fundamentally solve by this way autumn salmon seawater it is artificial
Cultural technique problem.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of sea-farming method of autumn salmon, realizes without salinization
The autumn salmon seawater for crossing process is propagated artificially, obtains gratifying on the basis of operation difficulty and running cost is greatly lowered
Survival rate.
Technical scheme is as follows：
The sea-farming method of autumn salmon, it is characterised in that：Autumn salmon seedling is cultivated to more than body weight 46g, so in fresh water
After put in seawater closed circulating water system and continue to cultivate to adult fish.
Preferably, autumn salmon seedling is cultivated in fresh water to more than body weight 47.75g, then puts into that seawater is totally-enclosed to follow
Continue to cultivate to adult fish in ring water system.
The water quality requirement of described seawater closed circulating water system is as follows：Water quality index control is as follows in breeding process：
Seawater salinity 28 ‰ -30 ‰, water temperature 12-18 DEG C, saturation dissolved oxygen 85%-95%, pH value 6.5-8.0, gas concentration lwevel
Less than 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 1.5mg/L, and nitrous nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L.
Described seawater closed circulating water system meets claimed below：Current are in single direction circulation in culturing pool, are supported
It is adjustable to grow pond day new water addition 10%-20%, day internal circulating load 18-22 time it is adjustable, intensity of illumination is controlled in 800lux-
1200lux, keeps 24h/d illumination, and dissolved oxygen scope control is in 80%-95%.
Density domination is in 6kg/m when the fry of 46g-100g cultivates3-18kg/m3, 100g fries are to density during adult fish culture
Control is in 8kg/m3-25kg/m3, carry out a point pond operation in time when cultivation density reaches the upper limit.
Feed selects salmon trout pellet, forage protein content 40-46%, fat content 14-16%；Fry and adult fish
Day feeds 3-6 time, and day feeding volume accounts for the 1.0%-2.5% of fry and adult fish gross weight；
Subordinate list
The particle diameter of different size fry feed is selected according to above subordinate list, the mistake of 6 days is set when changing different-grain diameter feed
Cross the phase, small particle feed and the big particle diameter feed of next specification feeds ratio according to 2 in the transitional period：1,1：1,1：2 ratio is entered
Row premix, each ratio carries out the mixing of 2 days and feeds, and uses the big particle diameter feed of next specification completely afterwards.
The present invention economic effect be：The present invention does not follow the routine that simulation autumn salmon growing environment is processed by salinization
Way, but creatively carry out being processed and direct culture experiment in the seawater without salinization to autumn salmon, so as to obtain to compared with
Big body weight autumn salmon directly carries out the unexpected success of sea-farming.
1st, using the autumn salmon sea-farming method of the present invention, realize artificial without the autumn salmon seawater of salinization transition processing
Cultivation, obtains the survival rate higher compared with prior art on the basis of operation difficulty and running cost is greatly lowered.
2nd, ensure that autumn salmon in growth course from the impact of extreme natural environment and various natural enemies, the speed of growth is steady
Fixed, survival rate is high.
3rd, can be harvested in any stage of autumn salmon growth, different size is provided for market while meat is ensured
Product.
4th, technical foundation has been established to realize the full artificial breeding technology of autumn salmon.
Specific embodiment
The following is embodiments of the invention, but technical solution of the present invention be not limited to it is set forth below for embodiment, also wrap
Include any combination between each specific embodiment.
Cultivation embodiment
(1), nursery：Autumn salmon eyed eggs is introduced from Heilungkiang aquatic products research institute of China Aquatic Science Research Institute, in east sea
Hatched in foreign mountain and sea branch company nursery workshop.The tail of fry 3600 of non-salinization transition is transported to the cultivation of east ocean development area
Base carries out seawater stage breeding, and cultivation is divided into 13 control groups of A-M, and per group of 200 tails, counterpoise is shown in Table 2, by 13 groups of fries
It is respectively put in different circulations and is cultivated.
(2), sea-farming：
Cultivation 5g-35g (A-E groups) seed is cultivated using seawater pipeline mode, and culturing pool is square cement pit, four angles
It is curved, diameter 7.0m, depth of water 1.0m, mesotube aperture 0.5cm, current are in clockwise direction circulation in pond, are changed culturing pool day
The water yield 800%, each culturing pool is equipped with electricity-saving lamp 3, keeps daily 24h illumination, cultivating workshop to be equipped with dissolved oxygen control system
Ensure dissolved oxygen scope control in 80%-95%, each culturing pool is equipped with dissolved oxygen probe 1 and liquid oxygen aeration plate 3, keep
24h oxygen supplys daily.Fry counterpoise is changed to seawater closed circulating water mode and cultivates when reaching 50g/ tails, culturing pool is octagon water
Mud sump, eight angles are curved, diameter 6.0m, depth of water 2.5m, mesotube aperture 1.5cm, and current are in clockwise direction circulation in pond,
Culturing pool day new water addition 20%, day 20 times/d of internal circulating load, each culturing pool is equipped with LED 4, keeps daily 24h illumination,
In 800lux-1200lux, cultivating workshop is equipped with dissolved oxygen control system and ensures that dissolved oxygen scope control exists for intensity of illumination control
80%-95%, each culturing pool is equipped with dissolved oxygen probe 1 and liquid oxygen aeration plate 4, keeps 24h oxygen supplys.Two kinds of culturing pools are equal
Diesel-driven generator is equipped with as stand-by power supply.
(F-M groups) fry and adult fish are cultivated using seawater closed circulating water mode on cultivation 35g, concrete breeding way
And breeding facility：Culturing pool is octagon cement pit, and eight angles are curved, diameter 6.0m, depth of water 2.5m, mesotube aperture
1.5cm, in pond current be in clockwise direction circulation, culturing pool day new water addition 20%, day 20 times/d of internal circulating load, each cultivation
Pond is equipped with LED 4, keeps daily 24h illumination, intensity of illumination control to be equipped with dissolving in 800lux-1200lux, cultivating workshop
Oxygen control system ensures dissolved oxygen scope control in 80%-95%, and each culturing pool is equipped with dissolved oxygen probe 1 and liquid oxygen aeration
4, disk, keeps 24h oxygen supplys.Culturing pool is equipped with diesel-driven generator as stand-by power supply.
(3), feedstuff feeding：Feed is from the salmon trout pellet (albumen in Beijing Hanye Technology Co., Ltd.'s customization
Content 40-46%, fat content 14-16%).Below 30g's (E-M groups) feeds 6 seed day, and day feeding volume accounts for seed gross weight
2.0%-2.5%；The fry of more than 30g (E-M groups) and feed adult fish day 4 times, day feeding volume accounts for fry and adult fish gross weight
1.0%-2.0%.Rate is fed as the increase of fish body weight is gradually lowered, is adjusted in time according to residual bait situation per day feeding volume, with
Just has there is residual bait and has been preferred in bottom of pond.
The particle diameter of different size fry feed is selected according to table 1, the transitional period of 6 days is set when changing different-grain diameter feed,
Small particle feed and the big particle diameter feed of next specification feed ratio according to 2：1,1：1,1：2 ratio is premixed, each ratio
The mixing that example is carried out 2 days feeds, and uses big particle diameter feed completely afterwards.
Table 1
(4), water quality requirement：Water quality index control is as follows in breeding process：Seawater salinity 28 ‰ -30 ‰, water temperature 15-16
DEG C, saturation dissolved oxygen 85%-95%, pH value 6.5-8.0, gas concentration lwevel is less than 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 1.5mg/
L, nitrous nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L.
(5), daily management：1. it is sooner or later each daily in breeding process to measure water temperature, a dissolved oxygen situation；Measure weekly
PH value, gas concentration lwevel, ammonia nitrogen concentration, nitrous nitrogen concentration and a seawater salinity；Make a record simultaneously, go out in water quality index
Take measures in time when now abnormal.2. record fry daily feeds situation and death condition, the growth and residual bait feelings according to fish
Condition adjusts in time feeding volume；3. fry weighed weekly, calculates cultivation density, the density domination when seed of 5g-30g cultivates
In 4kg/m3-12kg/m3, density domination is in 6kg/m when the fry of 30g-100g cultivates3-18kg/m3, 100g fries to adult fish support
Density domination is in 8kg/m when growing3-25kg/m3, carry out a point pond operation in time when cultivation density is up to the upper limit；4. workshop day
The sterilization of operating personnel is often noted in work, weekly one is carried out for the chlorine dioxide of 0.8ppm to culturing pool and water body concentration
Secondary sterilization.
Each group survival rate is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Explanation：1st, fish counterpoise (± 0.25) g means in table 2：Per urosome, weight is less than the group with the difference of this group of counterpoise
0.25g, such as the tail fish counterpoise 5g of A groups 200, per urosome weight within the scope of 4.75～5.25g.
2nd, survival rate is that the data for obtaining are counted after circulating water unification week is proceeded in table 2.
From table 2,46 grams of I composition motility rates of fish counterpoise reach 80%, and 48 grams of J composition motility rates of fish counterpoise reach 97%.
More than 80% survival rate indicates that cultivation is obtained and is successful on the whole, and more than 90% survival rate is to be received in industrial field
's.Accordingly, the starting weight that claimed autumn salmon is put in circulating seawer environment is defined as 46 grams, and preferably
47.75 grams.
Claims (6)
1. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon, it is characterised in that：To more than body weight 46g, then autumn salmon seedling is cultivated in fresh water
To put into continue in seawater closed circulating water system and cultivate to adult fish.
2. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Autumn salmon seedling is cultivated in fresh water and is arrived
More than body weight 47.75g, then to put into continue in seawater closed circulating water system to cultivate and arrive adult fish.
3. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described seawater closed circulating water
The water quality requirement of system is as follows：Water quality index control is as follows in breeding process：Seawater salinity 28 ‰ -30 ‰, water temperature 12-18 DEG C,
Saturation dissolved oxygen 85%-95%, pH value 6.5-8.0, gas concentration lwevel is less than 5mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 1.5mg/L,
Nitrous nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L.
4. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described seawater closed circulating water
System meets claimed below：Current are in single direction circulation in culturing pool, and culturing pool day, new water addition 10%-20% was adjustable,
Day internal circulating load 18-22 time is adjustable, and intensity of illumination control is in 800lux-1200lux, holding 24h/d illumination, dissolved oxygen scope control
In 80%-95%.
5. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：When the fry of 46g-100g cultivates
Density domination is in 6kg/m3-18kg/m3, 100g fries to density domination during adult fish culture are in 8kg/m3-25kg/m3, it is close when cultivating
Degree carries out in time a point pond operation when reaching the upper limit.
6. the sea-farming method of autumn salmon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that feedstuff feeding is required：Feed is selected
Salmon trout pellet, forage protein content 40-46%, fat content 14-16%；Fry and adult fish day feed 3-6 time, and day throws
The amount of feeding accounts for the 1.0%-2.5% of fry and adult fish gross weight；
Subordinate list
The particle diameter of different size fry feed is selected according to above subordinate list, the transitional period of 6 days is set when changing different-grain diameter feed,
Small particle feed and the big particle diameter feed of next specification feeds ratio according to 2 in transitional period：1,1：1,1：2 ratio carries out pre-
Mixed, each ratio carries out the mixing of 2 days and feeds, and uses the big particle diameter feed of next specification completely afterwards.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611167155.XA CN106577392A (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611167155.XA CN106577392A (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta |
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| CN201611167155.XA Withdrawn CN106577392A (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Mariculture method for oncorhynchus keta |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113287549A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 山东康科润海洋科技有限公司 | Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds |
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| CN1460413A (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2003-12-10 | 曾照军 | Method for aquaculture of lax and its equipment |
| CN104115775A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-10-29 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Migratory Atlantic salmon factory-like artificial breeding method |
| CN105831480A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-08-10 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Feed for closed recirculating aquaculture of Salmo salar and feeding method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-12-16 CN CN201611167155.XA patent/CN106577392A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1460413A (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2003-12-10 | 曾照军 | Method for aquaculture of lax and its equipment |
| CN104115775A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-10-29 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Migratory Atlantic salmon factory-like artificial breeding method |
| CN105831480A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-08-10 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Feed for closed recirculating aquaculture of Salmo salar and feeding method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| EVEN H. JORGENSEN ET AL: "Feeding and growth of exercised and unexercised juvenile Atlantic salmon in freshwater, and performance after transfer to seawater", 《 AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL》 * |
| 柳阳: "脂肪和蛋白质水平对工厂化养殖大西洋鲑的效应和机制研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113287549A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 山东康科润海洋科技有限公司 | Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds |
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