CN113287549A - Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds - Google Patents
Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The application discloses a sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds, which comprises the following steps: when the seawater temperature of the aquaculture sea area is close to the optimum temperature of the silver salmon, transferring the silver salmon seeds from a fresh water culture pond to a domestication pond for culture, injecting 10-20% of new water every day, circulating the pond water every 2 hours, and continuously inflating the culture pond for 24 hours; the salinity of the aquaculture water body is increased by 3 per thousand by using seawater (or underground brine) every 3 days, and the salinity of the pond water is adjusted to about 25 per thousand from fresh water within one month, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the aquaculture sea area. After 2 days when the silver salmon seeds are adaptive to the domesticated pond environment, feeding special high-anti-stress puffed compound feed for 4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount of the feed for each day is 3% -5% of the weight of the silver salmon. The method monitors and records the physicochemical factors of the water environment of the pond in real time during the domestication period so as to maintain a good culture environment, and meanwhile, the pond needs to be cleaned every day to keep the water quality fresh, so that the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a sea-lowering domestication cultivation method, in particular to a sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds.
Background
Mariculture is an important component of aquaculture, and the culture objects mainly comprise economic animals such as fish, shrimps, crabs, shellfish, sea cucumbers and the like. The history of seawater culture in China is long, oyster culture is carried out before the Han dynasties, and a pearl culture method is invented in the Song dynasties; after the people's republic of China is established, the mariculture of China develops rapidly, and the development of main economic varieties such as kelp, laver, mussel and prawn is particularly prominent, so that the development of coastal economy is driven, and the mariculture is the first major country of mariculture. Chinese mariculture has formed large-scale production of economic species, including pike, mullet, nile tilapia, genuine porgy, black porgy, grouper, weever, large yellow croaker, American red fish, Paralichthys olivaceus, puffer fish, etc.
The traditional sea-lowering domestication cultivation method is generally simpler, the water quality and the salt content of a cultivation pool are not conveniently monitored in real time in the cultivation process, the survival rate of fries is reduced, the phenomenon of fry damage easily occurs in the sea-lowering domestication cultivation process, and fish diseases are easily caused. Therefore, the sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for the freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds is provided aiming at the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
A sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for silver salmon seeds cultured in fresh water comprises the following steps:
s1, when the seawater temperature of the sea area to be cultured is close to the optimum temperature of the silver salmon, transferring the silver salmon seeds from a fresh water culture pond to a domestication pond for culture, wherein the seed specification reaches 11-14cm in body length and 6.5-10.5g in body weight, and performing sea lowering domestication after stabilizing for 3-5 days;
s2, adding 10-20% of new water into the pool every day, circulating the pool water every 2 hours, and keeping 24 hours of continuous inflation; the salinity of the culture water body is increased by 3 per thousand by using seawater (or underground brine) every 3 days, and the salinity of the water in the culture pond is adjusted to about 25 per thousand from fresh water within one month, which is close to the salinity of seawater in a culture sea area;
s3, after the silver salmon seeds adapt to the domesticated pond environment for 2 days, feeding the silver salmon seeds with the special high-anti-stress puffed compound feed, wherein the feeding amount of the silver salmon seeds accounts for 3% -5% of the weight of the silver salmon, the silver salmon seeds are fed for 4 times each day, the quality, the quantity, the timing and the positioning are realized during feeding, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the silver salmon;
s4, respectively measuring water environment physicochemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, pH and the like at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 every day, and recording; removing residual baits and feces at the bottom of the pond once every day and keeping the water quality fresh; meanwhile, sunlight is simulated at the top end of the domestication pond through equipment, so that the adaptability of the silver salmon seeds to the sunlight is enhanced, and the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved;
s5, after the domestication is finished, the salinity of the pond water reaches about 25 per thousand, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the culture sea area, and the silver salmon seeds are temporarily cultured for 3 days and then transferred to seawater for culture.
Furthermore, during the acclimation period, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-17 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 8.5-10.0 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the pH value is 7.6-8.2, the culture pond is disinfected by bleaching powder, and the fresh water for cultivation is treated by 0.3ppm chlorine dioxide and 0.5ppm EDTA.
Furthermore, in the sea-lowering acclimation process, the acclimation time is slightly longer when the low salinity is transited to the high salinity, which is beneficial to improving the acclimation survival rate.
Furthermore, in order to prevent fish diseases, water body disinfection treatment is carried out regularly by disinfectants such as dichlorohydantoin and the like, and the using amount is 0.25 ppm.
Further, biological measurement was performed every 10 days to measure the full length and body weight of the silver salmon, so that the feed feeding amount and the exchange amount of the pond water of the rearing pond were adjusted in time.
Furthermore, the improvement range of the sea domestication salinity is reduced, and the environment adapting space is provided for the silver salmon seeds, so that the survival rate of sea water domestication is improved.
Furthermore, when the sea is lowered and domesticated, care is taken to avoid fish diseases caused by damage to fish bodies.
Furthermore, if the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation need to be stopped for more than 24 hours before transportation, the fish is carried out after the fish bodies are emptied of waste in the bodies, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation is improved.
Furthermore, the domesticated seawater (or underground brine) is used after precipitation, aeration and oxygenation, and a liquid oxygen tank, a high-efficiency pure oxygen mixer and a matched oxygenation facility are arranged in a workshop to improve the content of dissolved oxygen in water.
Furthermore, EM bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus are put into the culture pond regularly, so that the water quality can be purified, and a good culture water environment can be maintained.
The beneficial effect of this application is: the application provides a sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds, which can detect water quality in real time and has high silver salmon seed survival rate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example one
A sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for silver salmon seeds cultured in fresh water comprises the following steps:
s1, when the seawater temperature of the sea area to be cultured is close to the optimum temperature of the silver salmon, transferring the silver salmon seeds from a fresh water culture pond to a domestication pond for culture, wherein the seed specification reaches 11cm-13cm in body length and 6.5-7.5g in body weight, and performing sea lowering domestication after stabilizing for 3 days;
s2, adding 10% of fresh water in the pool every day, circulating the pool water every 2 hours, and keeping 24 hours of continuous inflation; the salinity of the culture water body is increased by 3 per thousand by using seawater (or underground brine) every 3 days, and the salinity of the water in the culture pond is adjusted to about 25 per thousand from fresh water within one month, which is close to the salinity of seawater in a culture sea area;
s3, after the silver salmon seeds are adaptive to the domesticated pond environment for 2 days, feeding the silver salmon seeds with the special high-anti-stress puffed compound feed, wherein the feeding amount of the silver salmon seeds is 3% of the weight of the silver salmon each day, feeding the silver salmon seeds for 4 times each day, and the quality, the quantity, the timing and the positioning are realized during feeding, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the silver salmon;
s4, respectively measuring water environment physicochemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, pH and the like at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 every day, and recording; removing residual baits and feces at the bottom of the pond once every day and keeping the water quality fresh; meanwhile, sunlight is simulated at the top end of the domestication pond through equipment, so that the adaptability of the silver salmon seeds to the sunlight is enhanced, and the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved;
s5, after the domestication is finished, the salinity of the pond water reaches about 25 per thousand, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the culture sea area, and the silver salmon seeds are temporarily cultured for 3 days and then transferred to seawater for culture.
Further, during the acclimation period, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-17 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 8.5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the pH value is 7.6, the cultivation pond is disinfected by bleaching powder, and the fresh water for cultivation is treated by 0.3ppm chlorine dioxide and 0.5ppm EDTA.
Furthermore, in the sea-lowering acclimation process, the acclimation time is slightly longer when the low salinity is transited to the high salinity, which is beneficial to improving the acclimation survival rate.
Furthermore, in order to prevent fish diseases, water body disinfection treatment is carried out regularly by disinfectants such as dichlorohydantoin and the like, and the using amount is 0.25 ppm.
Further, biological measurement was performed every 10 days to measure the full length and body weight of the silver salmon, so that the feed feeding amount and the exchange amount of the pond water of the rearing pond were adjusted in time.
Furthermore, the improvement range of the sea-lowering domestication salinity is small, and the environment-adapting space is provided for the silver salmon seeds, so that the survival rate of the sea-lowering domestication is improved.
Furthermore, when the sea is lowered and domesticated, care is taken to avoid fish diseases caused by damage to fish bodies.
Furthermore, if the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation need to be stopped for more than 24 hours before transportation, the fish is carried out after the fish bodies are emptied of waste in the bodies, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation is improved.
Furthermore, the domesticated seawater (or underground brine) is used after precipitation, aeration and oxygenation, and a liquid oxygen tank, a high-efficiency pure oxygen mixer and a matched oxygenation facility are arranged in a workshop to improve the content of dissolved oxygen in water.
Furthermore, EM bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus are put into the culture pond regularly, so that the water quality can be purified, and a good culture water environment can be maintained.
Example two
A sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for silver salmon seeds cultured in fresh water comprises the following steps:
s1, when the seawater temperature of the sea area to be cultured is close to the optimum temperature of the silver salmon, transferring the silver salmon seeds from a fresh water culture pond to a domestication pond for culture, wherein the seed specification reaches 13-14cm in body length and 8.5-10.5g in body weight, and after the seeds are stabilized for 5 days, carrying out sea lowering domestication;
s2, adding 20% of fresh water in the pool every day, circulating the pool water every 2 hours, and keeping 24 hours of continuous inflation; the salinity of the culture water body is increased by 3 per thousand by using seawater (or underground brine) every 3 days, and the salinity of the water in the culture pond is adjusted to about 25 per thousand from fresh water within one month, which is close to the salinity of seawater in a culture sea area;
s3, after the silver salmon seeds are adaptive to the domesticated pond environment for 2 days, feeding the silver salmon seeds with the special high-anti-stress puffed compound feed, wherein the feeding amount of the silver salmon seeds is 5% of the weight of the silver salmon each day, feeding the silver salmon seeds for 4 times each day, and the quality, the quantity, the timing and the positioning are realized during feeding, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the silver salmon;
s4, respectively measuring water environment physicochemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, pH and the like at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 every day, and recording; removing residual baits and feces at the bottom of the pond once every day and keeping the water quality fresh; meanwhile, sunlight is simulated at the top end of the domestication pond through equipment, so that the adaptability of the silver salmon seeds to the sunlight is enhanced, and the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved;
s5, after the domestication is finished, the salinity of the pond water reaches about 25 per thousand, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the culture sea area, and the silver salmon seeds are temporarily cultured for 3 days and then transferred to seawater for culture.
Further, during the acclimatization period, the water temperature is controlled at 17 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 10.0mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the pH value is 8.2, the cultivation pond is disinfected by bleaching powder, and the fresh water for cultivation is treated by 0.3ppm chlorine dioxide and 0.5ppm EDTA.
Furthermore, in the sea-lowering acclimation process, the acclimation time is slightly longer when the low salinity is transited to the high salinity, which is beneficial to improving the acclimation survival rate.
Furthermore, in order to prevent fish diseases, water body disinfection treatment is carried out regularly by disinfectants such as dichlorohydantoin and the like, and the using amount is 0.25 ppm.
Further, biological measurement was performed every 10 days to measure the full length and body weight of the silver salmon, so that the feed feeding amount and the exchange amount of the pond water of the rearing pond were adjusted in time.
Furthermore, the improvement range of the sea domestication salinity is reduced, and the environment adapting space is provided for the silver salmon seeds, so that the survival rate of sea water domestication is improved.
Furthermore, when the sea is lowered and domesticated, care is taken to avoid fish diseases caused by damage to fish bodies.
Furthermore, if the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation need to be stopped for more than 24 hours before transportation, the fish is carried out after the fish bodies are emptied of waste in the bodies, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings needing long-distance transportation is improved.
Furthermore, the domesticated seawater (or underground brine) is used after precipitation, aeration and oxygenation, and a liquid oxygen tank, a high-efficiency pure oxygen mixer and a matched oxygenation facility are arranged in a workshop to improve the content of dissolved oxygen in water.
Furthermore, EM bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus are put into the culture pond regularly, so that the water quality can be purified, and a good culture water environment can be maintained.
The application has the advantages that: the method monitors and records physicochemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and the like of pond water in real time during domestication, so as to maintain a good culture environment, and meanwhile, the pond needs to be cleaned every day to keep the water quality fresh, thereby improving the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds; sunlight is simulated at the top end of the domestication pond through equipment, so that the adaptability of the silver salmon seeds to the sunlight is enhanced, and the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for silver salmon seeds cultured in fresh water is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, when the seawater temperature of the sea area to be cultured is close to the optimum temperature of the silver salmon, transferring silver salmon seeds from a fresh water culture pond to a domestication pond for culture, wherein the seed specification reaches 11-14cm in body length and 6.5-10.5g in body weight, and after the seeds are stabilized for 3-5 days, carrying out sea lowering domestication;
s2, adding 10-20% of new water into the pool every day, circulating the pool water every 2 hours, and keeping 24 hours of continuous inflation; the salinity of the aquaculture water body is increased by 3 per thousand by using seawater (or underground brine) every 3 days, and the salinity of the pond water is adjusted to about 25 per thousand from fresh water within one month, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the aquaculture sea area;
s3, after the silver salmon seeds adapt to the domesticated pond environment for 2 days, feeding the silver salmon seeds with the special high-anti-stress puffed compound feed, wherein the feeding amount of the silver salmon seeds accounts for 3% -5% of the weight of the silver salmon, the silver salmon seeds are fed for 4 times each day, the quality, the quantity, the timing and the positioning are realized during feeding, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the silver salmon;
s4, respectively measuring water environment physicochemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, pH and the like at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 every day, and recording; removing residual baits and feces at the bottom of the pond once every day and keeping the water quality fresh; meanwhile, sunlight is simulated at the top end of the domestication pond through equipment, so that the adaptability of the silver salmon seeds to the sunlight is enhanced, and the survival rate of the silver salmon seeds is improved;
s5, after the domestication is finished, the salinity of the pond water reaches about 25 per thousand, which is close to the salinity of seawater in the culture sea area, and the silver salmon seeds are temporarily cultured for 3 days and then transferred to seawater for culture.
2. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: during the domestication period, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-17 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 8.5-10.0 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.2mg/L, the pH value is 7.6-8.2, the culture pond is disinfected by bleaching powder, and fresh water for cultivation is treated by 0.3ppm chlorine dioxide and 0.5ppm EDTA.
3. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the process of sea-lowering acclimation, the acclimation time is slightly longer when the low salinity is transited to the high salinity, which is beneficial to improving the acclimation survival rate.
4. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in order to prevent fish diseases, the water body is disinfected by disinfectants such as dichlorohydantoin and the like at regular intervals, and the using amount is 0.25 ppm.
5. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: biological measurement was performed every 10 days to measure the full length and body weight of silver salmon, so that the feed feeding amount and the water exchange amount of the culture pond were adjusted in time.
6. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the improvement range of the sea-lowering domestication salinity is small, and the environment-adapting space is provided for the silver salmon seeds so as to improve the survival rate of the sea-lowering domestication.
7. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the fish is domesticated, the operation needs to be careful so as to avoid fish diseases caused by damage to the fish body.
8. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: if the fingerlings need to be transported for a long distance, the fingerlings need to be stopped for more than 24 hours before transportation, and the fingerlings are transported after the fish bodies are emptied of waste in the bodies, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings is improved.
9. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the domesticated seawater (or underground brine) is used after precipitation, aeration and oxygenation, and a liquid oxygen tank, a high-efficiency pure oxygen mixer and a matched oxygenation facility are arranged in a workshop to improve the content of dissolved oxygen in water.
10. The method for domesticating and breeding silver salmon seeds by lowering the sea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: EM bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus are put into the domestication pond regularly, so that the water quality can be purified, and a good aquaculture water environment can be maintained.
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