CN115624115A - Freshwater stone head fish feed and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Freshwater stone head fish feed and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115624115A CN115624115A CN202211184542.XA CN202211184542A CN115624115A CN 115624115 A CN115624115 A CN 115624115A CN 202211184542 A CN202211184542 A CN 202211184542A CN 115624115 A CN115624115 A CN 115624115A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a freshwater stone head fish feed and a feeding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials: the feed is prepared from soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fish oil, bran, rice bran, schizochytrium powder, chlorella powder, vitamins and minerals by uniformly spraying EM bacterial liquid and standing before feeding. The freshwater grouper feed prepared by the invention has the advantages of enhancing the immunity of the fish body and improving the muscle quality while considering the nutritional requirements and the food calling effect. The defect of weak digestion capability of the freshwater stone head fish is solved by matching a correct feeding method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a freshwater grouper feed and a feeding method thereof.
Background
Fresh water stone head fish (Aplodinotus grunniens), also known as fresh water large yellow croaker, has meat quality and body shape similar to seawater large yellow croaker, but lives in fresh water body for a lifetime. The Sciaenidae belongs to the family Sciaenidae of Perciformes (Perciformes) in taxonomy, is native to North America, belongs to benthic omnivorous fishes, has the advantages of rapid growth, delicious meat, rich nutrition, no muscle thorns and the like, and has wide industrial prospect. In order to promote the industrialization process of the freshwater stone first fish more quickly, it is very important to complete the high-efficiency compound feed cultivation from the fingerlings to the adult fishes. The freshwater stone first fish belongs to omnivorous fish, mainly takes edible small fish and shrimps in the field environment, but has weak digestion capacity, and the production urgently needs a compound feed of the freshwater stone first fish which can play a food calling role, can improve the immunity of the fish body and is easy to digest and absorb and a more effective feeding method. With the continuous rising of the price of the raw materials of the feed, the environmental pollution and the cost are factors to be considered when the feed is designed, besides the good health condition, the optimal yield, the optimal bait coefficient and the nutritional requirements necessary for growth of the freshwater stone head fish are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a freshwater stone head fish feed and a feeding method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the fresh water rock carp feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-40 parts of fish meal, 5-9 parts of fish oil, 7-14 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 2-8 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-8 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
Further, the fresh water rock head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-30 parts of fish meal, 5-7 parts of fish oil, 7-12 parts of bran, 10-13 parts of rice bran, 2-6 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-6 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
Further, the fresh water rock head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-26 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-18 parts of fish meal, 5-6 parts of fish oil, 7-10 parts of bran, 10-11 parts of rice bran, 2-5 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-5 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
Further, the fresh water rock head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of fish oil, 7 parts of bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 2.5 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5 part of vitamin and 1 part of mineral.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fresh water stone head fish feed, which comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials, pulverizing, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, mixing, making into 1.5mm diameter sinking granule feed with small feed granulator (not limited to SLP-45 type, and available from fishery machinery research institute of Chinese Aquifoliaceae), oven drying at 30 deg.C, and storing in-20 deg.C refrigerator.
The invention also provides a feeding method of the fresh water stone first fish feed, wherein EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the fresh water stone first fish feed, the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 1-5% of the mass of the fresh water stone first fish feed, and the fresh water stone first fish feed is fed after standing for 5-20 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the freshwater stone head fish feed is prepared from the raw materials of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fish oil, bran, rice bran, schizochytrium limacinum powder, chlorella powder, vitamins and mineral substances, is reasonable, can meet the nutrition required by the growth of fish bodies, and is beneficial to enhancing the immunity of the fish bodies. The soybean meal and the rapeseed meal are used in the feed to replace expensive fish meal, so that the using amount of the fish meal is greatly reduced; the addition of the schizochytrium powder can not only increase the food calling effect of the feed, but also increase the DHA content in the fish body and improve the immunity of the fish body; the chlorella powder has high protein content and high nutritive value, can be used as a supplement of protein sources in feed, is rich in various vitamins, and is also beneficial to enhancing the immunity of organisms. Meanwhile, the feed prepared by the invention needs to be combined with a correct feeding mode, EM bacterial liquid is used for spraying the feed before feeding, and the feed is subjected to standing treatment, so that the growth of beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts of fish bodies is promoted, the nutrient components in the feed can be decomposed preliminarily, the digestion and absorption pressure of the intestinal tracts is reduced, and in addition, the feed sprayed with EM bacteria enters a culture water body, and the culture environment pressure of the water body is reduced.
The freshwater stone head fish feed prepared by the invention has the advantages of enhancing the immunity of fish bodies and improving the muscle quality while giving consideration to the nutritional requirements and the food calling effect. The defect of weak digestion capability of the freshwater stone head fish is solved by matching a correct feeding method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the effect of feed and EM bacteria on the growth of fresh water Shishou fish;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of feed and EM bacteria on serum immunity index of fresh water stone-headed fish;
fig. 3 shows the effect of feed and EM bacteria on the expression of immune-related genes in freshwater stone fish (mean ± standard error, n = 9).
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
The schizochytrium limacinum powder in the invention is purchased from Jindawei Biotechnology Co., ltd.
The chlorella powder of the present invention is purchased from Shanghai plain Biotechnology Ltd.
The EM bacterial liquid (beneficial microbial population) in the invention is purchased from Hengtai environmental protection science and technology development limited company of Jiangsu.
The fresh water chunky fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-40 parts of fish meal, 5-9 parts of fish oil, 7-14 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 2-8 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-8 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
In some preferred embodiments, the fresh water stone head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-30 parts of fish meal, 5-7 parts of fish oil, 7-12 parts of bran, 10-13 parts of rice bran, 2-6 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-6 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
In some preferred embodiments, the fresh water stone head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-26 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-18 parts of fish meal, 5-6 parts of fish oil, 7-10 parts of bran, 10-11 parts of rice bran, 2-5 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-5 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
In some preferred embodiments, the fresh water rock head fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of fish oil, 7 parts of bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 2.5 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5 part of vitamin and 1 part of mineral.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fresh water stone head fish feed, which comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials, pulverizing, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, mixing, making into 1.5mm diameter sinking granule feed with small feed granulator (SLP-45 type, fishery machinery research institute of Chinese academy of Water sciences), oven drying at 30 deg.C, and storing in-20 deg.C refrigerator.
The invention also provides a feeding method of the fresh water stone first fish feed, wherein EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the fresh water stone first fish feed, the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 1-5% of the mass of the fresh water stone first fish feed, and the fresh water stone first fish feed is fed after standing for 5-20 minutes.
In some preferred embodiments, the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 1-3% of the mass of the fresh water stone first fish feed, and the EM bacterial liquid is kept stand for 5-10 minutes and then fed. Preferably, the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 1-2% of the mass of the fresh water stone first fish feed, and the EM bacterial liquid is kept stand for 5-8 minutes and then fed. More preferably, the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 2% of the mass of the feed for the freshwater stone head fish, and the feed is fed after the EM bacterial liquid is kept stand for 8 minutes.
Example 1
1. Design of experiments
1. Cultivation test
1) Feed composition
The research adopts single-factor test design, the test feed takes fish meal, bean pulp and rapeseed meal as protein sources, fish oil as fat sources, bran and rice bran as glycogen, and equal-nitrogen-and-other-energy basic feed is prepared; 2.5 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 2.0 parts of chlorella powder are added to prepare experimental feed, and the feed composition is shown in table 1. Pulverizing all feed materials, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, mixing, making into sinking granule feed with diameter of 1.5mm with small-sized feed granulator (SLP-45 type, research institute of fishery machinery in Chinese Aquifoliaceae), oven drying at 30 deg.C, and storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C for use.
TABLE 1 Experimental feed compositions
| Raw material ingredients/part by mass | Control group | Experimental |
| Bean pulp | ||
| 30 | 30 | |
| |
20 | 20 |
| Fish meal | 12 | 12 |
| |
5 | 5 |
| Bran | 7 | 7 |
| |
10 | 10 |
| |
0 | 2.5 |
| |
0 | 2 |
| Vitamin preparation | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Mineral substance | 1 | 1 |
Note: a. mineral content per kg feed: feSO 4 ·7H 2 O，445.11mg；CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O，35.61mg；ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O，391.70mg；Na 2 SeO 3 ，0.71mg；MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O，124.63mg；CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O，1.78mg；KI，0.46mg；
b. The vitamin content per kilogram of feed is as follows: VA,9000IU; VB1,3.2mg; VB2, 10.9mg; VB5, 20mg; VB6,5mg; VB12,0.02mg; VC,50mg; VD,2000IU; VE,45mg; VK3,2.2mg; 28mg of nicotinic acid; folic acid, 1.6mg; pantothenic acid, 10mg; choline, 329.08mg.
2) Experimental design and breeding management
Respectively feeding a control group feed (basic feed) and an experimental group feed by adopting a conventional feeding method, namely directly feeding to obtain a control group and an experimental group;
by adopting the feeding method, on the basis of a control group and an experimental group, the feeding mode of the invention is respectively adopted, namely, EM bacterial liquid is uniformly sprayed on corresponding feed (the using proportion of EM bacteria is 2 percent of the weight of the feed), and a control + EM bacterial group and an experimental + EM bacterial group are obtained.
The cultivation test is carried out in a cement pond (specification: 60m multiplied by 30 m) at the experimental base of the research center of fresh water fishery of the Chinese academy of aquatic science, the average water depth of the pond is 2.5m, and the specification of the experimental net cage is 1m multiplied by 1m. The test uses fresh water stone first fish which is purchased from the experimental base, and the initial weight of the fish body is 25.20 plus or minus 1.15g. The test was divided into 4 groups, and feeds were fed to the control group, the experimental group, the control + EM bacterial group, and the experimental + EM bacterial group, respectively, with 3 replicates per group, with 25 replicates per group. During the cultivation period, four regular feeding (08. During the culture period, the food intake (g) of each repeated group is recorded every day, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.2-7.8, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L, and the culture period is 8 weeks.
2. Sample collection and processing
After the culture test is finished, the freshwater stone head fish is fasted for 24 hours. Randomly selecting 3 test fishes repeatedly, weighing, quickly and deeply anaesthetizing by using MS-222 (the concentration is 100 mg/L), taking blood from tail veins by using a 2.5mL medical injector (wetted by heparin sodium), transferring the blood into a 1.5mL anticoagulation tube, centrifuging (4 ℃,7500r/min,10 min), separating serum and storing the serum at-80 ℃ for related biochemical and enzymatic activity index determination; after biopsy, intestinal tissues are taken quickly, frozen quickly by liquid nitrogen, stored at-80 ℃ and used for detecting expression of related genes.
And weighing and counting each repeated residual freshwater stone head fish independently for measuring related growth and body indexes.
3. Growth indicator calculation
Weight gain ratio (WGR,%) =100 × (W) t -W 0 )/W t
Specific growth rate (SGR,%/d) =100 × (lnW) t -lnW 0 )/t
Bait coefficient (FCR) = W d /(W t -W 0 )
Note: wt, the weight of fish body powder is (g); w is a group of 0 The initial average fish body weight (g); w d Total weight of feed ingested (g); t, cultivation period (days).
4. Determination of serum biochemical indicators
Serum biochemical indexes such as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total Protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB) and the like are measured by a Shenzhen Meyer BS-400 full-automatic biochemical analyzer, and used reagents are purchased from Shenzhen Meyer biomedicine Limited.
5. Serum antioxidant enzyme activity and cortisol assay
The serum antioxidant enzyme activity is measured by a commercial kit, and the kit is purchased from Nanjing to build a bioengineering research institute. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) is determined by hydroxylamine method, glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide anion (ASAFR) by colorimetry, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) by TBA method. All index measurements are carried out strictly according to the operation requirements of corresponding kits.
6. Determination of amino acid content in muscle
Taking back muscles of experimental fish bodies of each group, freeze-drying at-80 ℃, grinding into powder, hydrolyzing with 6mol/L HCl at 110 ℃ for 24h, and measuring the amino acid content by an Agilent-1100 liquid chromatography analyzer.
7. Data processing
To measure the difference between the various indices in the different groups, the data obtained were subjected to an independent sample t-test using IBMSPSS24.0, and the measurements were expressed as Mean. + -. Standard error (Mean. + -. SEM).
2. Analysis of results
1. Influence of experimental feed and EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium mixing and feeding on growth performance of freshwater grouper
The effect of experimental feed and EM bacteria mixed feeding on the growth of fresh water stone head fish is shown in figure 1. Compared with a control group (Con), the terminal average weight and specific growth rate of the experimental group (Tre), the control + EM bacterial group (Con + EM) and the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) are remarkably improved (P is less than 0.05), and the feed coefficient is remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05); the final average weight and specific growth rate of the experiment and EM bacterial group are obviously higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05), and the feed coefficient is obviously lower than those of other groups (P < 0.05). The result shows that the feeding of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the chlorella powder with the EM bacteria has obvious promotion effect on the growth of the freshwater stone fish and can obviously reduce the bait coefficient.
2. Influence of experimental feed and EM (effective microorganisms) mixed feeding on immunity of fresh water stone head fish
The influence of the experimental feed and the EM bacteria mixed feeding on the serum immunity index of the fresh water stone-headed fish is shown in figure 2. Compared with a control group (Con), the activity of alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) of the experimental group (Tre), the activity of alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) of the control + EM bacterial group (Con + EM) and the activity of alanine Aminotransferase (ALB) of the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) are all obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), the activity of Albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) of the control + EM bacterial group (Con + EM) and the activity of Albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) of the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) are all obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), the ALT, aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), ALB and GLB of the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) are all obviously higher than those of other groups (P is less than 0.05), and the bait coefficient is obviously lower than that of other groups (P is less than 0.05); there were no significant differences between the groups of serum Total Protein (TP) and albumin/globulin (ALB/GLB) (P > 0.05).
The influence of the experimental feed and the mixed feeding of EM bacteria on the intestinal tract immune related gene expression of the fresh water stone-headed fish is shown in figure 3. Compared with the control group (Con), the expression of Bach1, CAT, GSTM and IL-6 of the experimental group (Tre + EM), the control + EM bacterial group (Con + EM) and the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) is obviously up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the expression of Nrf2, keap1, CAT, GSTM and IL-6 of the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) is obviously higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05).
The result shows that the immunity of the fresh water stone head fish can be obviously improved by feeding the experimental feed and simultaneously mixing and feeding the EM bacteria.
3. Influence of experimental feed and EM bacteria mixed feeding on muscle fatty acid content of freshwater grouper
The influence of experimental feed and EM bacteria mixed feeding on the muscle amino acid content of the freshwater Shishou is shown in the table 2.
Compared with the control group (Con), the saturated fatty acid (Σ SFA) content of the experimental + EM bacterial group (Tre + EM) was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the polyunsaturated fatty acid (Σ PUFA) content was significantly increased (P < 0.05); the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5/EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6/DHA) of the control bacterium group (Con + EM) and the experiment bacterium group (Tre + EM) are obviously higher than those of the control group and the experiment group (P < 0.05).
The result shows that when the feeds of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the chlorella powder are fed, the EM bacteria are simultaneously mixed and fed, the unsaturated fatty acid content of the muscle of the freshwater stone head fish can be obviously improved, and the EPA and DHA content can be obviously improved.
Table 2 experiment and influence of EM bacteria on muscle fatty acid of fresh water stone head fish
Note: the letters a, B, C indicate significant statistical differences.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The compound feed for the freshwater grouper is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-40 parts of fish meal, 5-9 parts of fish oil, 7-14 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 2-8 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-8 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
2. The compound feed for the fresh water stew fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound feed for the fresh water stew fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-30 parts of fish meal, 5-7 parts of fish oil, 7-12 parts of bran, 10-13 parts of rice bran, 2-6 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-6 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
3. The compound feed for the fresh water stew fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound feed for the fresh water stew fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-26 parts of rapeseed meal, 12-18 parts of fish meal, 5-6 parts of fish oil, 7-10 parts of bran, 10-11 parts of rice bran, 2-5 parts of schizochytrium powder, 2-5 parts of chlorella powder, 0.5-1 part of vitamin and 1-2 parts of mineral substances.
4. The preparation method of the compound feed for the freshwater stone carp as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the raw materials are weighed, crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve, mixed uniformly and granulated to obtain the sinking particle feed, and dried.
5. A feeding method of fresh water Shishou fish feed, characterized in that EM bacterial liquid is sprayed on the fresh water Shishou fish feed of any one of claims 1-3, and the feed is fed after standing for 5-20 minutes.
6. The feeding method of the feed for the freshwater groupers as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spraying amount of the EM bacterial liquid is 1-5% of the mass of the feed for the freshwater groupers.
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| CN102160604A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-08-24 | 厦门汇盛生物有限公司 | Schizochytrium aggregatum powder additive and application thereof to seedling cultivation, aquiculture and culture of poultry and livestock |
| CN103211120A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 杨成胜 | Ecological type clarias fuscus feed |
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| CN113287549A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 山东康科润海洋科技有限公司 | Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102160604A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-08-24 | 厦门汇盛生物有限公司 | Schizochytrium aggregatum powder additive and application thereof to seedling cultivation, aquiculture and culture of poultry and livestock |
| CN103211120A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 杨成胜 | Ecological type clarias fuscus feed |
| CN106614128A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Artificial reproduction method for Dai-ju stock pseudosciaena crocea |
| CN113287549A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 山东康科润海洋科技有限公司 | Sea-lowering domestication cultivation method for freshwater aquaculture silver salmon seeds |
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